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5 unexpected ways exercise boosts your brain

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5 unexpected ways exercise boosts your brain

Recent groundbreaking research from University College London has uncovered that a single workout can enhance your brain function for an entire day. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the temporary nature of exercise’s cognitive benefits and offers new insights into maximizing mental performance through physical activity.

Why your workout impacts tomorrow’s thinking

The study reveals several key ways exercise enhances cognitive function:


  1. Working memory improves significantly for up to 24 hours after moderate to vigorous physical activity.
  2. Episodic memory, which helps you recall past events and experiences, shows notable enhancement following exercise.
  3. Attention span increases substantially when regular physical activity combines with quality sleep.
  4. Psychomotor speed, affecting reaction time and coordination, demonstrates marked improvement.
  5. Overall cognitive performance rises when participants reduce sedentary time between exercise sessions.

The sleep-exercise connection

Research participants who achieved six or more hours of sleep alongside regular exercise showed the most significant cognitive improvements. This combination proved particularly powerful for memory retention and mental processing speed, suggesting a synergistic relationship between physical activity and rest.

Breaking the sitting cycle

The study highlights how extended periods of inactivity can counteract cognitive benefits. Even regular exercisers who spend most of their day sitting may not realize the full mental advantages of their workouts.


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Maximizing your brain benefits

Understanding the timing of exercise can help optimize its cognitive effects. While immediate benefits appear within minutes of working out, the sustained improvements last significantly longer than previously thought.

The science of movement and memory

Researchers discovered that moderate exercise triggers specific brain changes that enhance memory formation and retention. These improvements become more pronounced when combined with proper sleep patterns and reduced sedentary behavior.

Understanding the optimal exercise types

The research suggests that different forms of physical activity may offer varying cognitive benefits. While moderate aerobic exercise shows consistent positive effects, other forms of movement also contribute to brain health. Activities like yoga combine physical movement with mindfulness, potentially offering unique cognitive advantages. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) demonstrates promising results for improving memory and attention span, though more research is needed to understand the full extent of its benefits.

The role of consistency

While single exercise sessions show significant cognitive benefits, regular physical activity appears to create cumulative effects. Participants who maintained consistent exercise routines throughout the study period demonstrated more stable cognitive improvements compared to those who exercised sporadically. This suggests that establishing a regular exercise routine might be more beneficial for long-term brain health than occasional intense workouts.

Age-specific considerations

Although the study focused on adults aged 50-83, researchers believe these findings have important implications for younger populations. Young professionals and students, in particular, might benefit from understanding how exercise timing can optimize their cognitive performance for important meetings, presentations, or exams.

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Impact on daily productivity

The extended cognitive benefits of exercise could have significant implications for workplace performance. Knowing that physical activity can enhance mental clarity for up to 24 hours allows individuals to strategically plan their workouts to optimize productivity during crucial work periods.

Social and emotional benefits

Beyond the direct cognitive improvements, regular exercise combined with adequate sleep shows positive effects on mood regulation and social interaction. Participants reported feeling more engaged in social situations and better equipped to handle stress when maintaining consistent exercise and sleep routines.

Practical implementation strategies

To maximize these cognitive benefits, consider these actionable steps:

  1. Schedule workouts strategically before important cognitive tasks
  2. Break up long periods of sitting with short movement breaks
  3. Create a consistent sleep schedule that allows for adequate rest
  4. Choose physical activities that you enjoy to ensure long-term adherence
  5. Gradually increase activity levels to build sustainable habits

Environmental factors

The study also noted that environmental conditions during exercise might influence cognitive benefits. Outdoor exercise, in particular, showed slightly enhanced effects compared to indoor activities, possibly due to the additional mental stimulation provided by changing environments and natural settings.

Nutritional considerations

While the study focused primarily on exercise and sleep, researchers noted that nutrition likely plays a supporting role in maximizing cognitive benefits. Proper hydration and balanced nutrition appear to enhance the brain-boosting effects of physical activity, though more research is needed in this area.

Future research directions

Scientists plan to explore several promising areas for future study, including:

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  • The potential differences in cognitive benefits between various types of exercise
  • The role of timing in maximizing cognitive improvements
  • How individual factors like age and fitness level influence these benefits
  • The interaction between exercise, nutrition, and cognitive function

Long-term implications

Understanding the extended cognitive benefits of exercise could reshape how we approach both physical activity and mental performance optimization. This research suggests that regular exercise might be one of the most effective tools for maintaining and enhancing cognitive function throughout life.

The combination of physical activity and proper sleep continues to emerge as a powerful duo for cognitive enhancement. As we learn more about these connections, it becomes increasingly clear that investing in regular exercise pays dividends not just for physical health but for mental performance as well.

Moving forward, this research opens new avenues for understanding how lifestyle choices impact cognitive function. Whether you’re a student preparing for exams, a professional aiming to enhance work performance, or someone interested in maintaining long-term brain health, the message is clear: today’s workout is an investment in tomorrow’s thinking.

By incorporating these findings into daily routines and maintaining consistent exercise habits, individuals can optimize both their physical and mental well-being. The key lies in finding sustainable ways to stay active while ensuring adequate rest, creating a balanced approach to cognitive enhancement through lifestyle choices.

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We have tested the Renpho Lynx smart ring — it’s somewhat disappointing

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We have tested the Renpho Lynx smart ring — it’s somewhat disappointing

Why you can trust Live Science


Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best ones for you. Find out more about how we test.

Renpho is widely known for its affordable massage guns, body measuring tapes and smart scales, many of which have landed in our round-ups of the best health and fitness products we have tested. This company has been a global powerhouse in the wellness industry for nearly a decade now, and has amassed legions of loyal fans worldwide. And now

Renpho has ventured into the highly competitive world of fitness trackers with the release of its first-ever smart ring — the Renpho Lynx.

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Need a More Efficient Fitness Routine? Remove the Guesswork With These 5 Workout Splits Tailored By Goal.

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Need a More Efficient Fitness Routine? Remove the Guesswork With These 5 Workout Splits Tailored By Goal.

If you’ve ever walked into the gym and drawn a blank on what to do, you’re not alone. But instead of just whipping out a few reps on whatever piece of equipment is free, let us introduce you to workout splits.

As the name suggests, workout splits divide your workout sessions for the week based on body part, body region, or movement type, says Rebecca Stewart, CPT, a certified personal trainer, mobility coach, and pain-free performance specialist. “Splits are a way of organizing your workouts that’s most effective for your goals and lifestyle,” she explains. For example, someone focused on strength gains can plan their workouts around the big three lifts like squats, bench press, and deadlifts, while someone focused more on aesthetics, such as bodybuilders, might split their workouts by body part.

Meet the experts: Rebecca Stewart, CPT, is a certified personal trainer, mobility coach, and pain-free performance specialist. Sarah Pelc Graca, CPT, is a certified personal trainer and founder of Strong with Sarah Weight Loss Coaching.

Workout splits are also great for those who want to progress specific lifts or get stronger in certain areas, which they may not be able to do as quickly with full-body training, Stewart says. (Although the full-body split exists, too.) Plus, divvying up your workouts into splits prevents overtraining issues like fatigue and muscle breakdown since each body part is allowed adequate time to recover (at least 48 hours).

Ready to get stronger? Here are the 5 best workout splits to try based on your lifestyle and goals, according to trainers.

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5 Best Workout Splits For Every Workout Goal

1. Push/Pull/Legs Split

Best For Beginners

Monday: Push day (chest, shoulders, and triceps)
Tuesday: Cardio
Wednesday: Legs and core
Thursday: Rest
Friday: Pull day (back and biceps)
Saturday: Cardio or recovery (yoga, stretching, etc.)
Sunday: Rest

The push/pull/legs split is a great beginner workout plan that builds strength and muscle while still allowing generous recovery time. “Push/pull/legs is super effective because it’s built around how your body naturally moves, instead of just isolating one muscle at a time,” says Sarah Pelc Graca, CPT, a certified personal trainer and founder of Strong with Sarah Weight Loss Coaching.

It makes your workouts more efficient, mimicking everyday functional movements, like lifting groceries, pushing a heavy door, or climbing stairs. The workout structure also allows for better recovery since you’re not overworking the same muscles day after day, though you’re still training them frequently enough to see great progress, Pelc Graca says.

Benefits:

  • Allows for ample recovery
  • Builds strength and muscle mass
  • No overlap in muscle groups
  • Focuses on weaker muscles with more intensity

Downsides:

  • Typically requires more equipment
  • May take longer in the gym
  • Less flexibility

2. Upper/Lower Split

Best For Weight Loss

Monday: Lower body (hinge focus)
Tuesday: Upper body (push focus)
Wednesday: Cardio or recovery (yoga, stretching, etc.)
Thursday: Lower body (squat focus)
Friday: Upper body (pull focus)
Saturday: Rest
Sunday: Rest

The upper/lower split can help with weight loss for a few reasons. First, “since you’re alternating muscle groups in an upper/lower split, your body gets just enough recovery while still staying active most days of the week,” Pelc Graca says. Plus, these workouts usually include big compound moves that work multiple muscles (like squats, rows, and push-ups). So, you’ll “burn more calories and build lean muscle” very efficiently, she says.

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Also, when you organize upper/lower workouts by movement patterns like push, pull, squat, and hinge, you’re hitting your body in a well-rounded way which will help you increase strength, gain muscle, and lose fat, Stewart adds.

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Benefits:

  • Builds strength and muscle mass
  • Weekends are free
  • Hits each muscle group twice a week
  • Allows for adequate recovery between muscle groups

Downsides:

  • Lack of flexibility
  • Skipping a workout can create gaps in your progress
  • May take longer in the gym

3. Full Body Split

Best For Those With A Busy Schedule

Monday: Full body
Tuesday: Rest
Wednesday: Full body
Thursday: Rest
Friday: Full body
Saturday: Rest
Sunday: Rest

The full body split focuses on working all major muscle groups in each session. “It’s ideal for those with limited time who still want to see meaningful progress in strength and muscle development,” says Pelc Graca. “For a lot of people, especially those short on time, this is one of the most efficient and effective ways to train because two to three full-body workouts a week leads to great results when you’re consistent and focused on quality movement,” Pelc Graca says.

Benefits:

  • Efficient for busy schedules
  • Great for beginners and general fitness
  • Promotes full-body strength and muscular balance
  • Easy recovery with rest days between workouts

Downsides:

  • Workouts may be lengthier because they cover the full body
  • Limited exercises per muscle group compared to more targeted workout splits

4. Body Part Split

Best For Hypertrophy

Monday: Back
Tuesday: Chest and abs
Wednesday: Lower body
Thursday: Rest
Friday: Shoulders
Saturday: Arms and abs
Sunday: Rest

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This one is often referred to as a “bodybuilder split” due to the emphasis on training each part of the body individually, says Stewart. “This split promotes muscle growth because you’re able to train each portion of the body with more intensity and more reps and sets than you could in a full-body workout,” she explains.

That said, this split is lengthier and if you miss a workout, it can throw off your entire plan. “I’d generally only recommend this plan for advanced lifters that want to dedicate more time to the gym,” Stewart adds.

Benefits:

  • Allows for adequate recovery
  • Focuses on training muscle groups individually
  • Builds strength and muscle mass
  • Helps identify and fix muscle imbalances and weaknesses since it works the different areas evenly

Downsides:

  • May require more time in the gym
  • Lack of flexibility
  • Skipping a workout can throw off the plan
  • Less suitable for beginners

5. Functional Training Split

Best For Experienced Lifters, Athletes Training For Performance, Or Those Training For Longevity

Monday: Full body pull day (hinge focused)
Tuesday: Full body squat and push day
Wednesday: Rest
Thursday: Rotational core work (such as Russian twists and planks)
Friday: Full body carrying and conditioning (such as farmer’s carry and sled pushes)
Saturday: Rest
Sunday: Rest

The functional training split is structured around movement patterns you normally do in everyday life (instead of isolating individual muscle groups). This split is helpful for athletic or performance-based training, and those who want to train to move well for as long as possible “since it blends strength and function for real-life application,” says Pelc Graca. So, when you train a farmer’s carry, it may mimic bringing in a heavy load of groceries, and when you do a sled push, it’ll make pushing a shopping cart or bulky piece of furniture easier IRL.

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Just note that functional splits can be a bit more complex, which is why they’re usually better for folks who have some lifting experience. “These workouts are built around how we move in real life using complex moves—lifting, rotating, carrying, and bracing—instead of just working individual muscles, so they often involve more coordination and full-body control,” Pelc Graca says.

Benefits:

  • Builds functional strength and coordination
  • Improves athletic performance and injury prevention
  • Activates the core in most sessions

Downsides:

  • Less traditional, so may feel unfamiliar for gym-goers used to body part training
  • Requires thoughtful programming to balance volume and intensity

How To Find The Best Workout Split For You

While a lot comes down to your personal preferences and goals, here are a few tips to consider when thinking about your optimal training split:

Goals

Whether you’re aiming for muscle growth, weight loss, or overall fitness, select a plan that best suits your specific goals right now, says Stewart. For example, push/pull/legs splits are excellent for muscle growth, while upper/lower splits are typically best for weight loss, she adds.

Schedule

Decide how much time you can realistically dedicate to exercise each week and choose a plan accordingly, says Stewart. “A training schedule is going to be very different for someone who can train two to three days for 30 minutes, versus someone who wants to spend an hour in the gym five to six days a week,” she adds.

Injuries Or Weaknesses

If you have a shoulder injury, a whole day dedicated to shoulders isn’t going to be in your best interest, says Stewart. On the flip side, if you want to grow your bicep strength, for example, having a dedicated arm day might be better for your goals, she adds. Listen to your body and find a plan that feels best.

Recovery Needs

Depending on the demands of your job and lifestyle, you may need more or less recovery time. “Rest days away from the gym are important not only physically but also mentally so you don’t get burnt out on your training schedule,” says Stewart. Plus, regardless of the split chosen, Pelc Graca says it’s important to incorporate deload weeks (where you dial things back, whether it’s lifting lighter weights, doing fewer sets, or focusing on easier movement) or rest weeks every four to eight weeks to support long-term progress and injury prevention.

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No matter what results you want to achieve or how experienced you are, workout splits are the key to organizing your exercise schedule to ensure you hit your goals. But here’s the ultimate secret: The most effective split is the one that best suits you and your lifestyle.

Andi Breitowich is a Chicago-based writer and graduate student at Northwestern Medill. She’s a mass consumer of social media and cares about women’s rights, holistic wellness, and non-stigmatizing reproductive care. As a former collegiate pole vaulter, she has a love for all things fitness and is currently obsessed with Peloton Tread workouts and hot yoga.  

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Fitness expert shares low-effort movement routines for days you’re too tired to exercise: ‘Even a few minutes of…’

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Fitness expert shares low-effort movement routines for days you’re too tired to exercise: ‘Even a few minutes of…’

We all have those days when exhaustion hits, and the thought of a full workout feels impossible. Skipping exercise entirely can make it harder to stay consistent, but even small movements count. Spoorthi S, fitness expert at cult shares with HT Lifestyle simple, low-effort routines to keep your body active and energised, even on the laziest days.

Stay active with low-effort routines on exhausting days, says fitness expert. (Unsplash)

“If the idea of a ‘proper workout’ feels exhausting before you even begin, you’re not lazy, you’re likely fatigued,” explains Spoorthi S. “Long work hours, mental overload, poor sleep, and constant stimulation drain the nervous system, making intense exercise feel overwhelming. But an important thing to note is that movement doesn’t always have to be intense to be effective.” (Also read: Hyderabad eye surgeon explains why most vision loss in India is preventable but often detected too late )

“Low-effort movement routines can help you stay active, improve circulation, reduce stiffness, and even restore energy without demanding willpower or motivation. When energy is low, the goal should shift from ‘burn calories’ to ‘just move a little.’ Gentle movement stimulates blood flow, improves joint lubrication, and activates the parasympathetic (rest-and-recover) nervous system. This can reduce stress hormones like cortisol and actually help you feel more energised post-movement, rather than depleted,” she adds.

“Think of these routines as maintenance, not training,” says Spoorthi S.

Low-effort movement routines to try

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1. A quick mobility refresh

“Especially ideal for those who sit for long hours. Simple movements like neck and shoulder rolls, spinal flexion and extension, hip rotations, and ankle mobility can reduce stiffness and improve overall movement quality,” she suggests.

2. Easy-paced walking

“A relaxed 10–20-minute walk outdoors supports mood, digestion, and circulation. There’s no need to chase step counts or pace, consistency matters more than intensity,” Spoorthi explains.

3. Short movement breaks during the day

“Every hour or so, take one to two minutes to stand up and move. Light squats, wall push-ups, gentle twists, or even walking around the room help prevent fatigue and maintain energy levels,” she adds.

4. Slow movement paired with breathing

“Combining controlled, slow movements with deep breathing helps downshift the nervous system. This reduces mental overload and creates a sense of calm without complete rest,” says Spoorthi.

5. Gentle stretches to wind down

Low-intensity stretches for the hips, hamstrings, and back in the evening help the body relax, release tension, and prepare for better sleep and recovery,” she advises.

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“Remember, the goal on low-energy days isn’t to push hard, it’s to keep moving gently and consistently. Small, mindful movements can go a long way in maintaining health, mobility, and energy,” concludes Spoorthi S.

Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.

This report is based on user-generated content from social media. HT.com has not independently verified the claims and does not endorse them.

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