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Undergrad Sues Harvard IRC After Removal Over $170,000 ‘Financial Stress Test’ | News | The Harvard Crimson

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Undergrad Sues Harvard IRC After Removal Over 0,000 ‘Financial Stress Test’ | News | The Harvard Crimson

Theo J. Harper ’25 sued the Harvard International Relations Council after he was temporarily removed from the group in December for redirecting $170,000 to an unofficial bank account over two months as part of a secret financial stress test unbeknownst to the IRC’s top leadership.

Harper’s legal action against the IRC comes after the group hastily voted to temporarily remove him from the organization during a board meeting on Dec. 22, less than one month after he sent an interim report on the stress test to top IRC leadership.

The account of how Harper managed to redirect $170,000 of the IRC’s funds and the decision to suspend him from the group is based on internal documents and interviews with five people who were granted anonymity to speak candidly about private IRC matters.

The exercise, and Harper’s lawsuit over his subsequent temporary ouster, laid bare deep-rooted tensions among the IRC’s board of directors over the organization’s financial management and complaints about a lack of transparency from top leadership.

‘For Seven Weeks Money Flowed Out’

In an attempt to internally expose the IRC’s own financial security flaws, on Sept. 29 Harper began quietly redirecting money intended for the group’s Bank of America deposit account to a Choice Financial Bank account created for the purposes of the financial stress test.

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Harper conducted the stress test directly in response to a former president of the Harvard Undergraduate Foreign Policy Initiative transferring approximately $30,000 from the organization to a personal bank account, according to two people with knowledge of the IRC’s governance. (Harper was HUFPI’s senior director of finance from January 2023 to January 2024.)

Harper wrote that the methods used for conducting the stress test “were legal and within the duties” of his role as a member of an internal strategy committee within the IRC known as the Board of Strategy and Social Impact, according to the interim report authored by Harper about the stress test.

The IRC, however, partially disputed Harper’s account in an emailed statement on Tuesday.

“His actions were not authorized by the Board of Directors,” the IRC wrote in the statement. “There was an investigation conducted by a third party.”

Harper declined to comment for this article.

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Harper gained access to the chief auditor’s account for the IRC’s online accounting platform and subsequently opened a new account with Choice Financial Bank — which is based in South Dakota — that was officially verified through the IRC auditor account, according to a copy of the report obtained by The Crimson.

The report stated that a financial stress test “to determine potential methods of attack as well as to observe officers’ responses, would be a helpful learning experience to plug holes in our defences and discover unknown risks.”

Between Sept. 29 and Nov. 20, around $170,000 was deposited into the separate bank account created by Harper, after which the funds were transferred back to the official account and full control over the accounts was restored.

It is unclear exactly when the IRC managed to fully restore access to the external account created by Harper.

Yulin Li, an external accountant hired by the IRC, first warned the IRC’s treasurer, Michael G. Baxter ’24, and the group’s chief auditor, Matas Kudarauskas ’25, about the breach in financial security on Oct. 20, when he asked for “more information” about a new bank.

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Li followed up about the new bank two additional times on Oct. 26 and Oct. 31, before Kudarauskas told Li on Nov. 1 that the IRC had “found no record” of the new account.

The IRC is a student-run umbrella organization that oversees undergraduate groups like Harvard Model United Nations and Harvard National Model United Nations and boasts a budget of nearly $1 million. Harper’s report alleged substantial gaps in the group’s financial security. By Julian J. Giordano

The report’s conclusions offered a fierce indictment of the IRC’s financial officers over their slow response to Li’s increasingly panicked emails and an alleged lack of transparency with the IRC’s board of directors.

“The lack of urgency displayed by the Treasurer and Chief Auditor was extremely concerning,” the interim report stated. “For seven weeks money flowed out of the IRC and they did nothing.”

“It took a month of panicked warnings for our external auditor as well as others to help them make the change,” the report added.

The IRC’s board of directors was only informed about the financial vulnerability following an email from Harper, despite his recommendation in the stress test report that top leadership inform the full board, according to a person with knowledge of the situation.

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“The lack of transparency with BoD is extremely concerning,”the report stated. “BoD needs to be aware of what is happening so it can assist with decision-making and take appropriate action to protect the organisation’s interests.”

‘My Illegal Removal’

Harper alleged that he suffered emotional damages over his ouster and demanded compensation for being unable to participate in several upcoming Model United Nations conferences, according to a Feb. 10 email obtained by The Crimson.

Founded in 1974, the IRC is a student-run umbrella organization that oversees undergraduate groups like Harvard Model United Nations, Harvard National Model United Nations, the Harvard International Review, and the Harvard Program for International Education. On its website, the IRC touts itself as a student-run nonprofit with an “annual budget of nearly one million dollars.”

In the Feb. 10 email, which Harper sent to IRC leadership and Associate Dean for Student Engagement Jason R. Meier, he requested $10,000 for emotional damages stemming from “my illegal removal” and an additional $5,500 for denial of involvement in HNMUN and HMUN Africa.

Harper was formerly a senior editor and director of digital media for the Harvard International Review and a committee director for Harvard Model UN and Harvard National Model UN.

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Harper alleged that his removal from the IRC was in breach of Massachusetts Law, pointing specifically to Massachusetts General Law Part 1 Title XXII Chapter 180 Section 18. The section states that corporations may not expel their members with less than a majority vote.

The IRC confirmed in a statement that its board voted to temporarily remove Harper as a member.

Harper’s small claims case against the IRC is for $7,000, the maximum amount for Massachusetts small claims.

The case, which was filed in Cambridge District Court on Feb. 19, is set to be heard on April 9.

In the email, Harper also wrote that all of his incurred legal fees will be charged to the IRC, per the organization’s by-laws.

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Harper additionally requested that the IRC and Dean of Students Office acknowledge his “illegal” removal and ensure full reinstatement.

The IRC wrote in their Tuesday statement that the investigation conducted by a third party into Harper’s behavior concluded on Monday. The group did not disclose any details about the conclusions of the investigation.

The group’s board of directors will “vote on the timeline to reinstate Harper as a general member in good standing” of the IRC by early March, according to the statement.

“The Board denies any liability to Harper relating to the allegations in his complaint,” the IRC wrote. “At all times, the HIRC cooperated with school officials and the DSO.”

A College spokesperson declined to comment on the lawsuit.

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—Staff writer Azusa M. Lippit can be reached at azusa.lippit@thecrimson.com. Follow her on X @azusalippit or on Threads @azusalippit.

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Financial resolutions for the New Year to help you make the most of your money

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Financial resolutions for the New Year to help you make the most of your money

It’s the time of year where optimism is running high. We don’t need to be the person we were last year, we can be a shiny new version of ourselves, who is good with money and on track in every corner of our finances. Sadly, our positive outlook doesn’t always last, but with 63% of people making financial resolutions this year, it’s a chance to turn things around.

The key is to make the right resolutions, so here are a few tips to help you make the most of your money in 2026.

The problems that you know about already will spring to mind first.

Research by Hargreaves Lansdown revealed that renters, for example, are the most likely to say they want to spend less – and 23% of them said this was one of their resolutions for 2026. We know rental incomes are more stretched than any others, and on average they have £39 left at the end of the month, so it’s easy to see why they want to cut back.

However, they also struggle in all sorts of areas of their finances. So, for example, fewer than a third are on track with their pension. However, only 11% of them say they want to boost their pension this year.

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Read more: The cost of staying loyal to your high street bank

It shows that your first resolution should always be to get a better picture of your overall finances – including using a pensions calculator to see whether you’re on track for retirement.

It’s only when you have a full picture that you can see what you need to prioritise.

With 63% of people making financial resolutions this year, it’s a chance to turn things around. · Mint Images via Getty Images

Drawing up a budget is boring, and it may not feel like you’re achieving anything, but, like digging the foundations of a building, if you want to build something robust you can’t skip this step.

Make a list of everything coming in and everything you’re spending. Your current account app and the apps of the companies you pay bills to will have the details you need, and a budgeting app makes it easy to plug all the details in.

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From there, consider where you can cut back to free up a chunk of money every month to fund your resolutions.

Younger people, aged 18-34, are particularly likely to fall into this trap. The research showed that 40% wanted to save more, 22% to get on top of their finances, 21% to spend less, 19% to pay more into investments, 19% to start investing, 15% to pay off debts and 14% to put more into their pension.

Given that at the start of your career, money tends to be tighter anyway, there’s a real risk that by trying to do so much, you might fall short on all fronts.

It helps to set yourself one realistic goal at a time.

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Starting 2026 on solid financial footing

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Starting 2026 on solid financial footing

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (WBRC) – With the new year quickly approaching many people are looking for ways to get their finances back on track. Financial expert Jim Sumpter says the first step is to review your budget, understand what you’re earning and spending, and rebuild any emergency savings used over the holidays. He also warns about hidden costs like forgotten subscriptions or missed gift return deadlines, which can quickly add up.

When it comes to saving, Sumpter recommends starting small. Even an extra $50 per paycheck or skipping one dinner out a month can add up to over $1,000 in a year. Tackling credit card debt doesn’t have to be overwhelming either — focus on one card at a time and make consistent extra payments.

The key, Sumpter emphasizes, is building habits over time. “Start small, create a habit, do something for 30 days, then another 30, and another 30,” he says. By spring, these habits become second nature, making saving, budgeting, and paying off debt much easier. Small, consistent steps now can set you up for a financially stronger year ahead.

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Where’s the rest? Why your year-end bonus or gift may have shrunk

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Where’s the rest? Why your year-end bonus or gift may have shrunk
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Americans who are receiving a year-end bonus for a job well done may be sorely disappointed when they open their envelope to find a big chunk missing.

Up to a third of a cash bonus can get swallowed up by the IRS’ special tax withholding on cash bonuses, or what it calls “supplemental income,” on top of Medicare, Social Security and state taxes. The federal flat rate for bonus pay is 22% for supplemental income under $1 million. Add Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and state taxes, and total withholding is roughly 30%-35%.

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“That 22% federal withholding might be higher than your…regular tax bracket,” according to workforce management software company Homebase. “If they usually pay 12%, seeing 22% disappear from their bonus stings.”

Why can this spell financial disaster for Americans?

For the holidays, many Americans may have spent like they were receiving the full amount of the bonus instead of the bonus amount minus taxes, said Kevin Knull, chief executive of TaxStatus, which provides IRS data to financial advisers.

The $10,000 bonus for air traffic controllers who had perfect attendance during the government shutdown isn’t really a $10,000 bonus, for instance. The withholding on bonuses is a flat 22%, plus a 6.2% Social Security tax and 1.45% Medicare tax. Those reduce the bonus to just over $7,000, and you may still have to have state income tax taken out.

“That’s all immediately deducted and goes to Uncle Sam,” Knull said. “Somewhere around 48% of the population underestimate what they pay in taxes. Income taxes take a big bite out of paychecks.” If you spent the entire ‘$10,000 bonus,’ you overspent by about $3,000.

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Separately, Americans should be aware that a bonus can also bump them into the next higher tax bracket if they’re already close to it, experts said.

Some (belated) good news?

If the tax cost of your bonus is less than 22%, or the withholding rate, you’ll receive a tax refund for the difference, or it will be applied to the tax due on any other income, experts said. Bonuses will be taxed as regular income on the final tax return. You’ll just have to wait until you file your 2025 taxes next year to get the money back.

On the flipside, if the tax cost of your bonus is more than the 22% withholding rate, you’ll owe the difference between what was withheld and your total tax cost.

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How can you keep taxes low with your bonus?

If you haven’t maximized your 401(k) or IRA contributions for the year, consider adding some of the money to your retirement fund to reduce overall taxable income come tax season, wrote Kay Bell at financial products comparison site Bankrate. Contrbutions are income tax-free, but withdrawals later are taxed.

The 2025 IRA contribution limit is $7,000, or $8,000 if you’re age 50 or older. The 401(k) limit is $23,500 and an additional $7,500 for age 50 or older except those who are age 60 to 63. Those individuals have a higher catch-up contribution limit of $11,250 instead of $7,500.

Or if you expect your income to be much lower next year, pushing your tax bracket lower, consider asking your employer to defer the bonus until then, she said. You’ll still owe taxes, but you could save money by paying at a lower tax rate.

“However, even if your tax bracket doesn’t change year to year, some like receiving bonuses next year just to move the tax liability to 2026,” said Richard Pon, certified public accountant in San Francisco.

What about non-cash bonuses or gifts?

“Employers and employees may be shocked that gifts are usually taxable,” Pon said.

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Cash and cash-equivalent gifts and bonuses such as gift cards, season tickets to sporting or theatrical events and gift certificates are taxed, Pon said.

“Sometimes employers deduct this from the regular paycheck,” he said. “Other times, employers pay these taxes on your behalf and gross up the income, which can double the cost of a $25 gift card to $50 with taxes if an employer pays the employee share of taxes…you should check your paystub to see if you are taxed.”

A couple of exceptions exist. The first is the “conduit gift,” which is a contribution made to an intermediary organization that then passes the funds to the final intended recipient. For example, if the parent teacher association (PTA) collected and gifted cash or gift cards to staff and faculty, those are conduit gifts and wouldn’t be taxed. The PTA was merely a conduit for gifts paid by parents.

Another exception is if a manager personally gives an employee a cash gift or gift card, Pon said. “That is a personal gift. It’s not a gift from your employer,” he said. Since the manager is “not the employer, those would be tax-free gifts to the recipients.”

He warned though those gifts may cause other frictions at work. “There are a lot of scrooges,” Pon said. “I once worked in an accounting firm and the managing partner complained I was giving gift cards and candy to our admin staff as a token of appreciation of helping me all year. The partner said I was making other managers seem unkind if they didn’t give out gifts.”

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Noncash gifts like hams, turkeys, an occasional ticket to a sporting event or theatrical event are considered a “de minimis fringe benefit,” which is not taxable, Pon said. But note, a coupon or gift card intended to buy a turkey, ham or other item may be taxable, he said.

Medora Lee is a money, markets and personal finance reporter at USA TODAY. You can reach her at mjlee@usatoday.com and subscribe to our free Daily Money newsletter for personal finance tips and business news every Monday through Friday morning.

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