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MLB Power Rankings: Rangers, Yankees on the rise; Dodgers are right where you think they are

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MLB Power Rankings: Rangers, Yankees on the rise; Dodgers are right where you think they are

By Tim Britton, Johnny Flores Jr. and Andy McCullough

Every week,​ we​ ask a selected group of our baseball​ writers​ — local and national — to rank the teams from first to worst. Here are the collective results, with the average rankings of our panel in parentheses.

The first weekend of the baseball season offered its usual cornucopia of familiar sights and unexpected delights. Shohei Ohtani sent a baseball soaring over the fence at Dodger Stadium; Aaron Judge sent four of his own into orbit in the Bronx. Zack Wheeler looked sharp. Paul Skenes threw hard. Matt Chapman still knows how to pick it. The Braves called up Jesse Chavez.

All of those could have been predicted. But raise your hand if you’d heard of Kameron Misner before last week. Or if you thought Rafael Devers would spend all weekend whiffing. Or if you knew the biggest story in the sport would involve something called a “torpedo bat.”

It’s the time of year when every team still can be optimistic, both about the things they expected and some that have caught them by surprise. Here’s a look at the most encouraging sign from the season’s opening weekend for all 30 teams.

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Record: 6-0
Preseason Power Ranking: 1

Most encouraging sign: Uh, everything?

Roki Sasaki hasn’t been throwing strikes. Mookie Betts hasn’t been able to keep down solid food. Max Muncy hasn’t been making much contact. So far, none of it has really mattered. The Dodgers swept the first two series of the season, taking down the Tigers after downing the Cubs twice in Japan. Ohtani looks like himself. So does Freddie Freeman (although he was not in Monday’s lineup because of a tweak to his surgically-repaired ankle). Betts returned from his gnarly stomach bug to swat a walkoff homer. Michael Conforto has lengthened the lineup. The summer figures to be a delight for Dodgers fans — and a nightmare for all the clubs visiting Chavez Ravine. — Andy McCullough

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Record: 3-0
Preseason Power Ranking: 7

Most encouraging sign: Either the Yankees own magic bats or their lineup hits for enough power to make everyone believe they own magic bats

The biggest story of opening weekend was the Yankees’ use of so-called torpedo bats, which move the barrel down from the end of the bat to a spot closer to the handle. New York smashed 15 home runs in three games against the Brewers, or more long balls than the Mets had hits over the weekend.

The bats are legal, and the Yankees aren’t the only team using them. But New York’s lineup overwhelmed the Brewers so comprehensively that hitters around the league are intrigued. Of course, Judge used a boring old normal bat to slug four homers in three games. Imagine that guy with a magic bat. — Tim Britton

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Record: 3-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 10

Most encouraging sign: Wyatt Langford took a step toward taking the leap

The Rangers brass believes its postseason-missing campaign in 2024 was an aberration and the championship season of 2023 should become more of the norm. Part of the reason is Langford, who was drafted No. 4 that summer. The 23-year-old outfielder held his own as a rookie last season, with 16 homers and an 111 OPS+ in 134 games. Texas believes his ceiling is much higher than that.

In the first weekend of the season, Langford’s five-hit series helped the Rangers knock off the Red Sox. If Langford approaches his potential, a Texas offense that already includes Corey Seager, Marcus Semien and Joc Pederson will be that much more intimidating. — McCullough

Record: 0-5
Preseason Power Ranking: 2

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Most encouraging sign: An 0-4 start in the NL East actually portends greatness

Atlanta is just the ninth team in the last five seasons to start the year 0-4, and five of those teams have resided in the NL East. You might think, given what you know, that starting 0-4 is not optimal, and that starting 0-4 in a typically difficult division like the NL East would be especially troublesome. But it’s basically the opposite.

The other four NL East teams to start 0-4 since 2021 are:

• The 2024 Mets, who went to the NLCS
• The 2022 Phillies, who went to the World Series
• The 2021 Braves, who won the World Series
• The 2024 Marlins, who are the exception that proves the rule.

— Britton

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Record: 3-1
Preseason Power Ranking: 4

Most encouraging sign: Jesús Luzardo looked like his best self

While the Phillies are running it back with mostly the same lineup, their deal for Luzardo feels like it went under the radar in the winter. Filling in a fifth starter role that was problematic for long stretches of 2024 for Philadelphia, Luzardo went and struck out 11 Nationals in five innings. In short, he pitched like he did for most of the ’23 season with the Marlins, when All-Star games and Cy Young votes appeared on his horizon. If that’s the version of Luzardo the Phillies get to round out their rotation, they can be even better than the 95-win outfit they were a season ago. — Britton

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 3

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Most encouraging sign: The offense still looks dangerous

After leading the sport in runs last season, Arizona let two crucial hitters, Christian Walker and Pederson, depart in free agency. The team asked a new addition, Josh Naylor, to replace Walker at first base, with holdover Pavin Smith taking Pederson’s at-bats as designated hitter. Naylor and Smith appeared up to the task against the Cubs over the weekend. Naylor drove in three runs and scored three more. Smith clubbed three doubles. The four home runs from Eugenio Suárez didn’t hurt, either. The Diamondbacks may not be able to overtake the Dodgers, but they can hang with anyone. — McCullough

Record: 5-0
Preseason Power Ranking: 13

Most encouraging sign: The back-end starters looked sharp

San Diego’s four-game sweep of Atlanta provided a reminder to anyone who had forgotten: No team pushed the Dodgers harder last season than the Padres. Even if San Diego did not spend to keep up with L.A. this winter, the top-end talent is still there. With Joe Musgrove out for the season and Yu Darvish on the shelf with an elbow injury, the team will need Nick Pivetta and Randy Vásquez to help keep the rotation afloat behind Dylan Cease and Michael King. Pivetta and Vásquez combined for 13 innings of scoreless baseball against Atlanta. — McCullough

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Record: 1-4
Preseason Power Ranking: 6

Most encouraging sign: Kristian Campbell fit right in

In his first series in the big leagues, Campbell showed why the Red Sox maneuvered their infield around to make room for the 23-year-old (and why they appear willing to commit to a long-term contract extension for him). Of the six hits he picked up in four games against the Rangers, three were for extra bases (including his first major-league homer), and he showcased his defensive versatility by starting a game in left field. Ask Xander Bogaerts and Jackie Bradley Jr., and even Mookie Betts what it’s like to be a young, unproven player on a win-now roster in Boston. For one weekend, Campbell — the first in a long line of prospects slated to debut for the Red Sox soon — made it look easy. — Britton

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 5

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Most encouraging sign: The rotation has a chance

It’s a tradition for teams to throw their best starter on Opening Day, followed by their second best and third best, etc. The Mets, foremost keepers of that custom as evidenced by their ridiculous record on Opening Day, decided this year to zag: In their opening series with Houston, they started pitchers who ranked fifth, sixth and seventh in the hierarchy at the start of spring training.

Sure, injuries drove that decision. But New York went with Clay Holmes, Tylor Megill and Griffin Canning against the Astros, and they actually pitched pretty well. Megill and Canning, in particular, cruised for stretches by shifting their pitch mixes and ditching those that didn’t work for them in 2024. The Mets earned some benefit of the doubt by maximizing Sean Manaea and Luis Severino last year, and they might be at it again. — Britton

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Record: 3-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 9

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Most encouraging sign: Adley Rutschman went yard twice

A lot of Baltimore’s limp toward the finish line in 2024 derived from Rutschman’s prolonged second-half slump: He had a .585 OPS after the break, barely cracking a .200 average and hitting all of three home runs.

He nearly matched that power total on Opening Day, when he went deep twice in Toronto. The Orioles have enough young talent to withstand an unexpectedly down season from someone, somewhere. But Rutschman and Gunnar Henderson are the driving forces of that position-player core — the duo that lifts the ceiling of this group from postseason participant to World Series challenger. — Britton

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The Windup: An unbelievable Opening Day streak

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 8

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Most encouraging sign: Jose Altuve is still Jose Altuve — at the plate

Altuve’s transition from second base to left field has featured plenty of hiccups. He biffed several low-stress plays in the Grapefruit League during spring training. It will still take him time to adjust to fielding near Daikin Park’s Crawford Boxes. The team may need to remove him for defensive purposes later in games, as manager Joe Espada did on Sunday. But Altuve can still hit better than almost every other person on the planet. In a season-opening series victory against the Mets, Altuve collected five hits in 11 at-bats. With Alex Bregman and Kyle Tucker gone, the lineup requires hearty contributions from Altuve more than ever. — McCullough

Record: 2-3
Preseason Power Ranking: 11

Most encouraging sign: Andrés Muñoz still has it

The 2025 Mariners looked a lot like the Mariners of recent vintage in a four-game sample against the Athletics. The rotation is strong despite the absence of George Kirby; Logan Gilbert demonstrated why he is a trendy Cy Young Award candidate with seven innings of one-run baseball on Opening Day. The lineup, of course, is less daunting. Seattle will need Muñoz, an All-Star reliever in 2024, to lock down as many save opportunities as he can. Muñoz bookended the Athletics series with crisp performances, sitting down six of the seven batters he faced. — McCullough

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Record: 3-4
Preseason Power Ranking: 12

Most encouraging sign: Kyle Tucker is that guy

On Saturday, Tucker came within one triple of the cycle. The next day, his three-run homer in the eighth inning gave the Cubs a 97 percent chance of winning. That’s exactly the player that Tucker is. On any given day of the week, he gives you a strong chance to win, whether that’s with his defense, bat or speed. If the Cubs manage to get out of the 83-win cellar, it’ll be because Kyle Tucker does Kyle Tucker things for a full campaign. — Johnny Flores Jr.

Record: 3-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 18

Most encouraging sign: Is Bo Bichette back?

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A series of maladies to his right leg undercut Bichette’s production from late 2023 through all of last season. (Bichette’s career OPS before his knee injury in August 2023 was .834; since his recovery it was .625 through the end of last season.) In the opening series with Baltimore, the shortstop in his platform season picked up seven hits, including two doubles, and scored four times.

When Bichette and Vlad Guerrero Jr. have both been at their best, the Blue Jays tend to win 90-plus games, as they did in 2021 and 2022. Toronto has one more shot to put it all together behind that duo this year. — Britton

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Record: 3-1
Preseason Power Ranking: 20

Most encouraging sign: Justin Verlander looked closer to 40 than 45

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Verlander made his Giants debut a little over a month after his 42nd birthday. It was only five innings, but Verlander subdued the Reds with his fastball. His velocity touched 96 mph. He generated six whiffs with the heater. All of this is encouraging for a club that will rely upon its arms and defense to stay within striking distance of a postseason berth. But the bigger question will come as the season progresses: Can Verlander continue to hold off Father Time? — McCullough

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Record: 1-3
Preseason Power Ranking: T-16

Most encouraging sign: Spencer Torkelson might be putting it together

By this point, it’s no secret that this is something of a make-or-break season for former No. 1 overall pick Spencer Torkelson. The former Arizona State slugger largely forced his way into Detroit’s 2025 plans with a standout spring (.340/.389/.680) and picked up right where he left off to begin the season. Four hits, including one double and one homer, as well as four walks against the defending World Series champions are a major development for Torkelson. It’s the type of performance that will keep him on the roster, even as the Tigers begin to see the likes of Wenceel Perez and Matt Vierling come off the IL. — Flores 

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Record: 3-1
Preseason Power Ranking: 14

Most encouraging sign: The rotation holdovers held it down over the weekend

Before Drew Rasmussen returned this week, before Shane McClanahan comes back down the line, before the Rays have all the makings of a shutdown rotation — the guys who kept them in it last year looked just fine again over the weekend. The trio of Ryan Pepiot, Zach Littell and Taj Bradley combined to allow four earned runs in 18 innings, striking out 22 and walking one. That’s the kind of ratio that plays regardless of how much smaller your new home ballpark is.

Rasmussen and McClanahan (along with Shane Baz, who came back in the second half last season) certainly raise the level of what the Rays can do this season. But the three holdovers from last year make this a dangerously deep rotation as well. — Britton

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Record: 0-4
Preseason Power Ranking: T-16

Most encouraging sign: Joe Ryan’s return from injury

In his first start since August, Ryan posted five innings of one-run ball with no walks and five strikeouts. It was an encouraging sign for the 29-year-old, who missed much of last year’s second half due to a season-ending grade 2 teres major sprain. The Twins will need these kinds of starts to make up for a lackluster winter, in which they did not make any free agent moves until well into February. Much like the Mariners out west, if the bats are going to struggle to put together hits, it’ll be on the starters to keep other teams in line and give the team just enough opportunities to make a difference. That Ryan was able to look mostly like his old self is a strong sign in that regard. — Flores 

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 21

Most encouraging sign: Kyle Manzardo’s bat

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For what feels like years, the Guardians have been searching for another complementary hitter to pair with José Ramírez. Franmil Reyes went from hitting in the middle of their order to playing in Japan, the Josh Bell experiment didn’t work and Josh Naylor is no longer in Cleveland. It’s only three games, but Manzardo looked like the hitter that the Guardians need, slugging two homers over Cleveland’s first three games. It’s the type of stabilizing presence that could carry the Guardians into another AL Central title and perhaps even a longer postseason run. — Flores 

Record: 0-4
Preseason Power Ranking: 15

Most encouraging sign: Freddy Peralta looks like Freddy Peralta

The Yankees’ lineup may have thrashed the rest of Milwaukee’s staff, but the same can’t be said about Peralta, who turned in five innings of two-run ball on Opening Day. With news of Aaron Civale being placed on the IL, the Brewers are down to just two established starters, Peralta and Nestor Cortes. For Milwaukee to stay afloat in the NL Central until Jose Quintana, Tobias Myers and Brandon Woodruff all make their season debuts, it’ll be on Peralta to provide stability every fifth day. Five solid innings against one of baseball’s best offenses is a step in that direction. — Flores 

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 19

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Most encouraging sign: Jonathan India at leadoff

While the Royals still feel a bit like Bobby Witt Jr. and company, the addition of India provides Kansas City with another bat to give the lineup a bit more length. If at least one of the Royals’ 5-9 hitters (10-for-56 with 11 strikeouts) can turn into a serviceable bat, the team can go from being in the bottom half leaguewide on offense to something more middle-of-the-pack. India goes a long way in helping the team get there. — Flores 

Record: 3-1
Preseason Power Ranking: 24

Most encouraging sign: Nolan Arenado might still have it

After spending what felt like the entire offseason in an awkward trade limbo, Arenado came out and reminded everyone of the player that he can still be. Over three games, he authored five hits, three of which went for extra bases. He got the curtain-call treatment from the St. Louis faithful, and the Cardinals marched to a 3-0 start, just how everyone drew it up. A return to form for Arenado could make absorbing his salary a bit more palatable for another team, or provide St. Louis with enough reason to try to make the postseason in an otherwise weak NL Central. — Flores 

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Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 23

Most encouraging sign: Nick Lodolo’s ability to battle

In his first start of 2025, Lodolo did not have his best stuff, nor did he really have any command of the strike zone. He still managed to turn in six innings of two-run ball. In particular, after throwing 57 pitches through the first three innings, Lodolo needed just 29 to complete his next three, retiring eight of nine batters. He relied on his defense to make plays behind him with the Reds suffocating 11 grounders to keep the Giants off the bases. It’s the kind of start that veteran pitchers know how to make and one that will be important for Cincinnati as Lodolo looks to take a step forward in his age-27 season. — Flores 

Record: 2-3
Preseason Power Ranking: 25

Most encouraging sign: A healthy Jeffrey Springs is a low-key beast

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Springs struck out nine Mariners across six scoreless innings in his Athletics debut. He scattered three singles and walked one. He looked a lot like the pitcher who starred for Tampa Bay in 2022 before Tommy John surgery wiped him out for most of the next two seasons. The Athletics took on Springs’ salary this past winter and paired him with Luis Severino atop the rotation. The duo should help the Athletics, for the first time in a while, at least stay competitive in the American League West. — McCullough

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Record: 1-4
Preseason Power Ranking: 22

Most encouraging sign: The starting pitching was strong

Here are the lines for Pittsburgh’s starters through the first four games:
Paul Skenes: 5 1/3 IP | 2 ER | 2 BB | 7 K
Mitch Keller: 6 IP | 1 ER | 1 BB | 4 K
Bailey Falter: 6 IP | 2 ER | 4 K
Andrew Heaney: 5 IP | 1 ER | 1 BB | 1 K

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Here’s the Pirates’ record through four games: 1-3, with three losses all on walk-offs. Consider that Jared Jones is on the IL and Bubba Chandler is in Indianapolis, meaning there is room for this rotation to be even stronger. Starting pitching is half the battle, and provided the lineup can string together just enough hits, this team could end up winning a lot more games than originally anticipated. — Flores 

Record: 1-3
Preseason Power Ranking: 26

Most encouraging sign: MacKenzie Gore can do that?

Since they lowered the mound in 1969, here’s the list of pitchers with more strikeouts in an Opening Day start than the 13 Gore piled up against the Phillies:

• Randy Johnson (1993 and 1996)
• Shane Bieber (2020)

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Bieber won the Cy Young that season. Johnson won it five times, though not in either of those seasons.

How good was Gore Thursday? His FIP is 1.70 — sorry, minus-1.70, which, if maintained, would be a record. Since coming over in the Juan Soto trade, the lefty has established himself as a pretty good major-league starter. Thursday suggested the leap to something more could be imminent. — Britton

Record: 3-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 28

Most encouraging sign: Clutch exists and the Marlins have it

Statistically speaking, the best chance for the Marlins to outperform expectations is to be, and this is a specifically defined term, “crazy good” in close games — 2012 Orioles good in close games. And in the first weekend, that somehow looked like a plausible blueprint.

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Miami became the first team since the ’01 Tigers to win with three walk-offs in its first series. You hear ’01 Tigers and probably think of Tony Clark and Bobby Higginson. No, I mean the ’01 Tigers of Kids Gleason and Elberfeld — the 1901 Tigers, who overcame deficits of nine, one and three in the ninth inning to earn those walk-offs against the ur-Milwaukee Brewers. It’s disheartening no one on that Detroit roster earned “Clutch” as a nickname, but their mistake doesn’t have to be ours. What a game Clutch Conine had Sunday, eh? — Britton

Record: 3-1
Preseason Power Ranking: 27

Most encouraging sign: Jack Kochanowicz missed some bats

Kochanowicz, a 24-year-old right-hander, presented a puzzle for analysts last season. He stands 6-foot-7 and wields a fastball that touches the upper 90s. Yet in his rookie season, he struck out only 3.4 batters per nine innings. He has solid command, so any improvement to his whiff rate could help him level up. He made decent progress in his first outing of 2025. It was only four batters in six innings, and it occurred against the White Sox. But progress is progress is progress. — McCullough

Record: 1-3
Preseason Power Ranking: 29

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Most encouraging sign: Ryan McMahon could rejuvenate his trade value…

But then again, the Rockies haven’t been very aggressive with trying to move homegrown players in recent years. McMahon is a quality defender at third base, but he’s been a slightly below-average hitter for his entire career. There is probably a team or two willing to gamble on McMahon’s upside getting out of Colorado, especially if he produces at the plate like he did in the season’s first weekend. — McCullough

Record: 2-2
Preseason Power Ranking: 30

Most encouraging sign: Chicago’s 1-2 punch

Yes, the White Sox lost two of three games to the Angels, and yes, they had a massive malfunction with their tarp that became the stuff of internet tomfoolery.

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But consider this: Between Opening Day starter Sean Burke and Game 2 arm Jonathan Cannon, the duo managed to put up 11 scoreless innings, with eight strikeouts against just three walks. Now, the Angels aren’t some offensive powerhouse, and the weather was rather cold, but seeing as Chicago lost an astounding 121 games in 2024, a reliable 1-2 duo is the kind of progress that the White Sox need so that they stay away from another historically bad season. — Flores 

(Top image of Texas’ Wyatt Langford and Joc Pederson: Ron Jenkins / Getty Images)

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Culture

This Poem About Monet’s “Water Lilies” Reflects on the Powers and Limits of Art

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This Poem About Monet’s “Water Lilies” Reflects on the Powers and Limits of Art

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In the midst of the world’s unrelenting horribleness, it’s important to make room for beauty. True! But also something of a truism, an idea that comes to hand a little too easily to be trusted. The proclamation that art matters — that, in difficult times, it helps — can sound like a shopworn self-care mantra.

So instead of musing on generalities, maybe we should focus our attention on a particular aesthetic experience. Instead of declaring the importance of art, we could look at a painting. Or we could read a poem.

A poem, as it happens, about looking at a painting.

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Hayden did not take the act of seeing for granted. His eyesight was so poor that he described himself as “purblind”; as a child he was teased for his thick-framed glasses. Monet’s Giverny paintings, whose blurriness is sometimes ascribed to the painter’s cataracts, may have revealed to the poet not so much a new way of looking as one that he already knew.

Read in isolation, this short poem might seem to celebrate — and to exemplify — an art divorced from politics. Monet’s depiction of his garden, like the garden itself, offers a refuge from the world.

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Claude Monet in his garden in 1915.

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“Ceux de Chez Nous,” by Sacha Guitry, via Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

But “Selma” and “Saigon” don’t just represent headlines to be pushed aside on the way to the museum. They point toward the turmoil that preoccupied the poetry of Hayden and many of his contemporaries.

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“Monet’s ‘Waterlilies’” was published in a 1970 collection called “Words in the Mourning Time.” The title poem is an anguished response to the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and to the deepening quagmire in Vietnam. Another poem in the volume is a long elegy for Malcolm X. Throughout his career (he died in 1980, at 66), Hayden returned frequently to the struggles and tragedies of Black Americans, including his own family.

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Robert Hayden in 1971.

Jack Stubbs/The Ann Arbor News, via MLive

Born in Detroit in 1913, Hayden, the first Black American to hold the office now known as poet laureate of the United States, was part of a generation of poets — Gwendolyn Brooks, Dudley Randall, Margaret Danner and others — who came of age between the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and the Black Arts movement of the ’60s.

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A poet of modernist sensibilities and moderate temperament, he didn’t adopt the revolutionary rhetoric of the times, and was criticized by some of his more radical peers for the quietness of his voice and the formality of his diction.

But his contemplative style makes room for passion.

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Frankenstein’s Many Adaptations Over the Years

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Frankenstein’s Many Adaptations Over the Years

Ever since the mad scientist Frankenstein cried, “It’s alive!” in the 1931 classic film directed by James Whale, pop culture has never been the same.

Few works of fiction have inspired more adaptations, re-imaginings, parodies and riffs than Mary Shelley’s tragic 1818 Gothic novel, “Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus,” the tale of Victor Frankenstein, who, in his crazed quest to create life, builds a grotesque creature that he rejects immediately.

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The story was first borrowed for the screen in 1910 — in a single-reel silent — and has directly or indirectly spawned hundreds of movies and TV shows in many genres. Each one, including Guillermo del Toro’s new “Frankenstein,” streaming on Netflix, comes with the same unspoken agreement: that we collectively share a core understanding of the legend.

Here’s a look at the many ways the central themes that Shelley explored, as she provocatively plumbed the human condition, have been examined and repurposed time and again onscreen.

“I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 3

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The Mad-Scientist Creator

Shelley was profuse in her descriptions of the scientist’s relentless mind-set as he pursued his creation, his fixation on generating life blinding him to all the ramifications.

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Sound familiar? Perhaps no single line in cinema has distilled this point better than in the 1993 blockbuster “Jurassic Park,” when Dr. Ian Malcolm tells John Hammond, the eccentric C.E.O. with a God complex, “Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could that they didn’t stop to think if they should.”

Among the beloved interpretations that offer a maniacal, morally muddled scientist is “The Curse of Frankenstein” (1957), the first in the Hammer series.

“Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein” (1994), directed by Kenneth Branagh, is generally considered the most straightforward adaptation of the book.

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More inventive variations include the flamboyant Dr. Frank-N-Furter, who creates a “perfect man” in the 1975 camp favorite “The Rocky Horror Picture Show.”

In Alex Garland’s 2015 thriller, “Ex Machina,” a reclusive, self-obsessed C.E.O. builds a bevy of female-like humanoids.

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And in the 1985 horror comedy “Re-Animator,” a medical student develops a substance that revives dead tissue.

Then there are the 1971 Italian gothic “Lady Frankenstein” and the 2023 thriller “Birth/Rebirth,” in which the madman is in fact a madwoman.

“With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 5

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The Moment of Reanimation

Shelley is surprisingly vague about how her scientist actually accomplishes his task, leaving remarkable room for interpretation. In a conversation with The New York Times, del Toro explained that he had embraced this ambiguity as an opportunity for imagination, saying, “I wanted to detail every anatomical step I could in how he put the creature together.”

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Filmmakers have reimagined reanimation again and again. See Mel Brooks’s affectionate 1974 spoof, “Young Frankenstein,” which stages that groundbreaking scene from Whale’s first movie in greater detail.

Other memorable Frankensteinian resurrections include the 1987 sci-fi action movie “RoboCop,” when a murdered police officer is rebooted as a computerized cyborg law enforcer.

In the 2012 Tim Burton animated “Frankenweenie,” a young scientist revives his beloved dog by harnessing lighting.

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And in the 2019 psychologically bleak thriller “Depraved,” an Army surgeon, grappling with trauma, pieces together a bundle of body parts known as Adam.

“Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?”— The creature, Chapter 15

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The Wretched Creature

In Shelley’s telling, the creature has yellow skin, flowing black hair, white teeth and watery eyes, and speaks eloquently, but is otherwise unimaginably repulsive, allowing us to fill in the blanks. Del Toro envisions an articulate, otherworldly being with no stitches, almost like a stone sculpture.

It was Whale’s 1931 “Frankenstein” — based on a 1927 play by Peggy Webling — and his 1935 “Bride of Frankenstein” that have perhaps shaped the story’s legacy more than the novel. Only loosely tethered to the original text, these films introduced the imagery that continues to prevail: a lumbering monster with a block head and neck bolts, talking like a caveman.

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In Tim Burton’s 1990 modern fairy tale “Edward Scissorhands,” a tender humanoid remains unfinished when its creator dies, leaving it with scissor-bladed prototypes for hands.

In David Cronenberg’s 1986 body horror, “The Fly,” a scientist deteriorates slowly into a grotesque insectlike monster after his experiment goes wrong.

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In the 1973 blaxploitation “Blackenstein,” a Vietnam veteran who lost his limbs gets new ones surgically attached in a procedure that is sabotaged.

Conversely, in some films, the mad scientist’s experiment results in a thing of beauty: as in “Ex Machina” and Pedro Almodóvar’s 2011 thriller, “The Skin I Live In,” in which an obsessive plastic surgeon keeps a beautiful woman imprisoned in his home.

And in Yorgos Lanthimos’s 2023 sci-fi dramedy, “Poor Things,” a Victorian-era woman is brought back to life after her brain is swapped with that of a fetus.

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“I am an unfortunate and deserted creature; I look around, and I have no relation or friend upon earth.”— The creature, Chapter 15

The All-Consuming Isolation

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The creature in “Frankenstein” has become practically synonymous with the concept of isolation: a beast so tortured by its own existence, so ghastly it repels any chance of connection, that it’s hopelessly adrift and alone.

What’s easily forgotten in Shelley’s tale is that Victor is also destroyed by profound isolation, though his is a prison of his own making. Unlike most takes on the story, there is no Igor-like sidekick present for the monster’s creation. Victor works in seclusion and protects his horrible secret, making him complicit in the demise of everyone he loves.

The theme of the creator or the creation wallowing in isolation, physically and emotionally, is present across adaptations. In Steven Spielberg’s 2001 adventure, “A.I. Artificial Intelligence,” a family adopts, then abandons a sentient humanoid robot boy programmed to love.

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In the 2003 psychological horror “May,” a lonely woman with a lazy eye who was ostracized growing up resolves to make her own friend, literally.

And in the 1995 Japanese animated cyberpunk “Ghost in the Shell,” a first-of-its-kind cyborg with a human soul struggles with its place amid humanity.

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“Shall each man find a wife for his bosom, and each beast have his mate, and I be alone?”— The creature, Chapter 20

The Desperate Need for Companionship

In concert with themes of isolation, the creators and creations contend with the idea of companionship in most “Frankenstein”-related tales — whether romantic, familial or societal.

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In the novel, Victor’s family and his love interest, Elizabeth, are desperate for him to return from his experiments and rejoin their lives. When the creature demands a romantic partner and Victor reneges, the creature escalates a vengeful rampage.

That subplot is the basis for Whale’s “The Bride of Frankenstein,” which does offer a partner, though there is no happily ever after for either.

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Sometimes the monster finds love with a human, as in “Edward Scissorhands” or the 2024 horror romance “Lisa Frankenstein,” in which a woman falls for a reanimated 19th-century corpse.

In plenty of other adaptations, the mission is to restore a companion who once was. In the 1990 black comedy “Frankenhooker,” a science whiz uses the body parts of streetwalkers to bring back his fiancée, also Elizabeth, after she is chewed up by a lawn mower.

In John Hughes’s 1985 comedy, “Weird Science,” a couple of nerdy teenage boys watch Whale’s 1931 classic and decide to create a beautiful woman to elevate their social standing.

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While the plot can skew sexual — as with “The Rocky Horror Picture Show,” “Ex Machina” and “Frankenhooker” — it can also skew poignant. In the 1991 sci-fi action blockbuster “Terminator 2: Judgment Day,” a fatherlike bond forms between a troubled teenage boy and the cyborg sent to protect him.

Or the creature may be part of a wholesome, albeit freakish, family, most famously in the hit 1960s shows “The Addams Family,” with Lurch as the family’s block-headed butler, and “The Munsters,” with Herman Munster as a nearly identical replica of Whale’s creature.

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In Shelley’s novel, the creature devotes itself to secretly observing the blind man and his family as they bond over music and stories. While sitcom families like the Munsters and the Addamses may seem silly by comparison, it’s a life that Shelley’s creature could only have dreamed of — and in fact did.

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Culture

Test Your Knowledge of Family-History Novels That Were Adapted as Movies or TV Series

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Test Your Knowledge of Family-History Novels That Were Adapted as Movies or TV Series

“Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West,” Gregory Maguire’s 1995 novel, has been adapted into a stage musical that was itself made into a two-part feature film. In all versions, what is the name of the witch Elphaba’s younger sister, whom she accompanies to Shiz University?

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