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Cryptocurrency asset types – and how they’re taxed | INTHEBLACK

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Cryptocurrency asset types – and how they’re taxed | INTHEBLACK

By Rachel Williamson

Various types of digital assets have emerged from the crypto ecosystem, offering a range of unique features and uses. 

Crypto investments can be a challenge to manage. Not all crypto assets are taxed and accounted for in the same way, and much depends on the asset type, the jurisdiction and how it is used. 

1. Blockchain

To make sense of the crypto ecosystem, it is essential to understand the technology that underpins it – blockchain. A blockchain is a decentralised digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers to ensure security and transparency. 

“Decentralised” means that blockchain does not rely on a central authority such as a bank or government to validate its transactions. Instead, blockchain uses a network of participants (nodes) to collectively validate and maintain the ledger and verify transactions through consensus. Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it becomes virtually impossible to alter it.

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First-time investors may get confused between a blockchain “network” or platform and the native cryptocurrency on a blockchain network, as they are sometimes named the same way. 

For instance, Ethereum is a blockchain network, but its native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), is sometimes referred to as Ethereum. Blockchain networks like Ethereum also support the creation of other types of coins and tokens through smart contracts and decentralised applications. 

2. Cryptocurrency coins

Cryptocurrency coins, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ripple (XRP) and Ether (ETH), are the original digital currencies that operate on their own blockchain networks. Much like blockchain, crypto coins are decentralised. 

They function as mediums of exchange, allowing users to send and receive value directly without intermediaries. 

Income tax laws generally treat transactions that involve cryptocurrencies as taxable events. In Australia, when used to buy and sell, cryptocurrencies are called trading stock by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). If held as an investment, cryptocurrencies are considered a capital gains tax asset.

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3. Stablecoins

Stablecoins seek to bridge the gap between the crypto ecosystem and traditional finance. Stablecoins, such as USD Coin (USDC) and Tether (USDT), are designed to maintain their stable value by pegging them to a real-world asset, such as a fiat currency, gold or a commodity. 

For instance, MakerDAO’s DAI aims to maintain a stable value relative to the US dollar. 

In various jurisdictions, as with cryptocurrency, using a stablecoin for a transaction can trigger taxable events that require the reporting of gains or losses.

4. Gaming tokens

Gaming tokens have gained popularity within the gaming industry. GALA, for instance, the native games token on the Gala Games platform, is used as an in-game currency. GALA enables players to buy virtual items, compete in tournaments and even trade with each other. Another popular gaming token is Decentraland’s MANA.

The tax treatment of game tokens can be complex. It is crucial to consider the potential tax consequences when converting virtual assets into real-world currencies or when significant profits are generated from token trading.

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5. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)

NFTs, such as Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC), were first created to give digital artists a way to sell their creations online. An NFT acts as a digital certificate of ownership over a unique asset on a blockchain, such as artwork, music or even virtual real estate. 

NFTs went mainstream in 2021, when billionaires like Elon Musk and Jack Dorsey sold NFTs of their tweets. Each NFT is distinct, and they can’t be exchanged on a one-to-one basis. 

Taxation of NFTs can be intricate, with factors like acquisition, ownership duration and subsequent sales determining the applicable tax treatment. 

In Australia, NFTs might be viewed as personal use by the ATO if, for example, a person bought one of those multi-million-dollar tweets and gifted it to a friend. It could also be viewed as a capital asset in a business if used in the running of a company, or as a CGT asset if purchased as an investment or business income. However, it doesn’t count as a digital currency for GST purposes. 

6. Utility tokens

Utility tokens act as digital coupons or vouchers and can be redeemed for products or services within a blockchain. GALA is both a games token and a utility token. 

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The Basic Attention Token (BAT) rewards users for engaging with ads on the Brave browser. Users earn BATs by viewing ads and can also use them to support content creators and publishers.

The use and acquisition of utility tokens may not necessarily trigger immediate tax consequences. 

However, if utility tokens are subsequently sold or exchanged for other assets, taxation might apply. In Australia, the status of utility tokens is a grey area. If they end up traded on an exchange or a secondary market, they may become equivalent to a security.

7. Security tokens

Security tokens represent ownership or investment in traditional assets, such as shares, bonds, fiat currency and even real estate. They are divided into two major types – equity tokens and asset-backed tokens. One of the most well-known security tokens is INX, which is issued by the INX cryptocurrency exchange.

The INX exchange was one of the first to operate under a regulatory framework in the US. It obtained US Securities and Exchange Commission approval to offer the INX token and operate as a regulated trading platform.

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Equity tokens are similar to shares but are the digital version. Asset-backed tokens are backed by assets such as art or carbon credits.

Security tokens are subject to securities regulations, and their issuance and trading must comply with relevant securities laws. Due to their nature as financial instruments, the tax treatment of security tokens is usually aligned with traditional securities, with considerations for dividends, capital gains, and other applicable tax obligations. 

In Australia, the ATO suggests treating security tokens like shares, with the same CGT rules.

Resources

These resources provide more information about crypto assets, their risks and taxation across the crypto ecosystem.

It’s important to conduct due diligence on all crypto investments and to seek appropriate advice and guidance before making any decisions. CPA Australia has a full range of tax time updates and resources. 

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Crypto

Streamlined Cryptocurrency-Focused Apps

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Streamlined Cryptocurrency-Focused Apps
Blaqclouds, Inc. has introduced ShopwithCrypto.io, a Progressive Web App designed to enhance cryptocurrency usability in daily transactions. This app offers a streamlined, multi-device experience that supports over 250 cryptocurrencies across major blockchain networks like ETH, BNB, and MATIC.

Key features of ShopwithCrypto.io include offline functionality, QR code integration, and the ability to purchase gift cards from global merchants, all while ensuring security and transparency through the ZEUS Blockchain. The Progressive Web App’s lightweight design and compatibility with both Android and iOS platforms make it accessible without the need for app store downloads. By combining ease of use with robust security measures, it aims to bridge the gap between digital assets and real-world spending. Its integration with popular wallets like MetaMask allows users to manage their transactions seamlessly while maintaining control of private keys.

Image Credit: Blaqclouds, Inc.

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Delta police targeting cryptocurrency scams

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Delta police targeting cryptocurrency scams

DPD and blockchain analytics company Chainalysis co-hosted other law enforcement agencies and cryptocurrency exchanges for ‘Operation DeCloak’

A cryptocurrency fraud workshop co-hosted by the Delta Police Department last fall identified over 1,100 victims worldwide, including a ‘significant number’ in Canada.

On Sept. 16 and 17, 2024, the DPD and blockchain analytics company Chainalysis hosted “Operation DeCloak,” bringing together representatives from law enforcement agencies including the RCMP, Victoria Police Department, Vancouver Police Department, the BC Securities Commission, the BC Prosecution Service and the BC Financial Services Authority, as well as key stakeholders from cryptocurrency exchanges such as Shakepay and others.

The initiative was a localized “sprint” of Chainalysis’ “Operation Spincaster,” a series of public-private collaborations designed to disrupt and prevent cryptocurrency scams. Spincaster itself spun out from “Operation Disruption,” a collaboration between Chainalysis and the Calgary Police Service in March 2024.

“Leveraging the transparency of the blockchain, Chainalysis proactively identified thousands of compromised wallets. This actionable intelligence formed the basis of a series of operational sprints across six countries (U.S., U.K., Canada, Spain, Netherlands and Australia) with over 100 attendees, including 12 public sector agencies and 17 crypto exchanges,” the company said in a press release.

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“Over 7,000 leads were disseminated during these sprints, relating to approximately US$162 million of losses. These leads were used to close accounts, seize funds and build intelligence to prevent future scams.”

During last fall’s Operation DeCloak, Chainalysis led training sessions in investigating leads, tracing stolen funds and identifying compromised wallets using the company’s proprietary “Crypto Investigations Solution.”

According to a DPD press release, 240 crypto addresses were closely examined, revealing an estimated collective loss of C$35 million.

SEE ALSO: Court rejects environmental challenge to massive Delta port expansion

The event also promoted proactive policing and disruption strategies aimed at combating fraud, with particular emphasis on a growing tactic known as “approval phishing” used by romance and investment scammers targeting cryptocurrency transactions. 

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The method involves scammers gaining their victim’s trust by promoting false investment opportunities with the promise of high returns, thereby convincing victims to unknowingly approve malicious blockchain transactions.

The initial transaction gives the scammer access to tokens in the victim’s digital wallet without the victim’s knowledge, resulting in unauthorized withdrawals.

Police say scammers typically connect with their victims through social media, or via apps or pop-up ads.

During Operation DeCloak, police say immediate steps were taken to notify identified victims of these scams.

“With the co-operation of the exchange companies, affected individuals were promptly contacted with the goal of preventing further harm,” the DPD said in its press release.

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Since the workshop, the department has successfully deployed the techniques learned through Operation DeCloak. 

“The technique was applied to a previous investigation which identified stolen cryptocurrency funds in a blacklisted address containing US$1.2 million. This address was in the process of being seized by an overseas police agency,” the department said.

Using the DeCloak techniques, the DPD’s Cybercrime Unit has identified an additional 70 transactions worth US$800,000 sent from Canadian exchanges. Investigators are identifying those victims and seizing the funds from the blacklisted address so they can be returned.

“This collaboration with Chainalysis and cryptocurrency exchanges is a testament to the DPD’s focus on innovation and commitment to community safety and well-being.”

SEE ALSO: Conservative candidate files court petition over Surrey ‘voting irregularities’

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SEE ALSO: Good Samaritan saves 3 people in fiery single-car crash in Surrey

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Coinbase Investigates ‘Delayed Sends’ for XRP on Its Platform | PYMNTS.com

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Coinbase Investigates ‘Delayed Sends’ for XRP on Its Platform | PYMNTS.com

Cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase said Tuesday (Jan. 14) that it is investigating a problem with delayed sends of Ripple (XRP) on its platform.

“We are aware that some users may be experiencing delayed sends for Ripple (XRP),” Coinbase said in an incident report on its status page. “Buys, Sells and Fiat withdrawals/deposits are not affected. We are investigating this issue and will provide an update shortly.”

In an earlier, separate report on its status page, Coinbase said some users experienced delayed sends and receives for Stellar (XLM) on Friday (Jan. 10). That incident was resolved within 90 minutes.

On Thursday (Jan. 9), some users experienced latency or degraded performance with buys, sells, sends, Coinbase Onramp and Advanced Trade. That issue was resolved within two hours, according to the page.

In other, separate news about the company, it was reported Thursday (Jan. 9) that Coinbase told customers that it may have to share data demanded by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

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The regulator sent a subpoena to the firm that seeks information about Coinbase customers’ interactions with prediction market firm Polymarket, and Coinbase emailed some customers saying it may have to share that data with the CFTC.

“When we receive requests for information from a government, each request is carefully reviewed by a team of trained experts using established procedures to determine its legal sufficiency,” a Coinbase spokesperson told CoinDesk.

On Dec. 9, cryptocurrency payments solution firm Triple-A announced an integration with Coinbase that it said it designed to let Coinbase users make payments to select merchants in the Triple-A network.

“Triple-A’s integration with Coinbase Commerce will empower merchants to offer a Coinbase-specific payment option, enhancing the convenience for Coinbase users and allowing Coinbase to connect with a wider network of merchants, to drive the broader adoption of cryptocurrency payments,” the company said in a press release.

Coinbase upgraded its Coinbase One subscription program and launched a new tier called Coinbase One Premium on Dec. 4, saying that with these new offerings, “Coinbase One now truly benefits all types of traders.”

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Coinbase One membership has reached 600,000 across 42 countries, the company added.

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