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Banner Year for North Korean Cryptocurrency Hacking

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Banner Year for North Korean Cryptocurrency Hacking

Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
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Cryptocurrency Fraud
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Fraud Administration & Cybercrime

Chainalysis: Pyongyang Stole $1.7B in Crypto, Primarily From DeFi Platforms

North Korean monarch Kim Jong Un surrounded by generals in an undated picture launched by North Korea’s Korean Central Information Company (Picture: KCNA)

North Korea’s spree of state-sponsored cryptocurrency theft continued apace final 12 months as Pyongyang hackers illicitly lifted about $1.7 billion value of digital property – near half of the world’s cryptocurrency stolen in 2022, new evaluation reveals.

See Additionally: Reside Webinar | Navigating the Difficulties of Patching OT

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That $1.7 billion seemingly made up a large chunk of North Korea’s financial system and funded its nuclear weapons program, says blockchain evaluation agency Chainalysis. North Korea is the uncommon nation whose state-sponsored hackers assault for his or her nation’s monetary acquire. The hereditary totalitarian regime that has ruled the nation since 1948 has lengthy funded prison exercise in a quest for laborious forex, given its self-imposed autarchy and pariah standing on the worldwide stage.

Cybercriminals, together with North Korean-linked hackers, use cryptocurrencies for a similar causes individuals use it for official functions: It’s cross-border, liquid and instantaneous, Erin Plante, senior director of investigations at Chainalysis, tells Data Safety Media Group. “That is significantly advantageous for international locations which might be lower off from the worldwide financial system,” she says.

North Korean hackers are “systematic and complicated” in hacking and laundering stolen funds and are backed by a nation that helps cryptocurrency-enabled crime on an enormous scale, says Plante.

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Decentralized finance presents a uniquely inviting goal to hackers of all stripes, and Pyongyang has taken benefit of it. DeFi protocols are open supply, permitting hackers to review them advert nauseam for exploits, Plante says. It’s attainable that protocols’ incentives to achieve the market and develop shortly result in lapses in safety greatest practices, she provides. Of the $3.8 billion recorded as stolen by hackers in 2022, theft from DeFi platforms accounts for $3.1 billion of that whole.

North Korean hackers use phishing lures, code exploits, malware and superior social engineering to siphon funds into wallets they management, Plante says. They’ve a “calculated” laundering methodology and deploy obfuscation strategies corresponding to mixing to create a disconnect between the cryptocurrency they deposit and withdraw. In addition they transfer stolen funds by way of chain hopping, which is the method of swapping between a number of totally different sorts of cryptocurrency in a single transaction.

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So long as crypto property held in DeFi companies have worth and are susceptible, dangerous actors will attempt to steal them. The one solution to cease them is for the business to shore up safety and practice crypto firms to establish threats, corresponding to social engineering, which might be broadly utilized by teams corresponding to Lazarus, she stated.

Off-Ramping Stolen Funds

Cryptomixers are a “cornerstone” of North Korean cash laundering, Chainalysis says. “Funds from hacks carried out by North Korea-linked hackers transfer to mixers at a a lot greater charge than funds stolen by different people or teams.”

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Cryptomixer Twister Money was a popular platform for laundering cash in 2021 and most of 2022, though the USA put a cease to that by sanctioning the service in August, crippling its use. Though nonetheless operational, mixers are much less efficient when fewer individuals use them, because the service depends on quantity to obfuscate the origin and vacation spot of the funds on its platform (see: North Korea Avoids Twister Money After US Imposes Sanctions).

North Korea-linked hackers are unlikely to be dissuaded by the specter of U.S. sanctions. However the sanctions make it tougher for menace actors to money out their ill-gotten positive aspects, Plante says.

Chainalysis says the criminals diversified their mixer utilization within the fourth quarter of 2022. They seem to have zeroed in on Sinbad, a bitcoin mixer that started promoting its companies two months after the federal authorities sanctioned Twister Money. Investigators on the analytics agency noticed the primary transactions by North Korean hackers on the platform in December.

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Between December 2022 and January 2023, hackers laundered $24.2 million on the mixer, Chainalysis concludes. This consists of the North Korea-linked Lazarus Group, which laundered “a portion” of the funds stolen within the $600 million Axie Infinity hack by way of Sinbad.

Hackers additionally more and more use underground companies that aren’t as nicely generally known as commonplace mixers, accessible solely by means of personal messaging apps or the Tor browser, and often solely marketed on darknet boards, Plante tells ISMG.

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She additionally sees an uptick in companies with model names and customized infrastructure, with various complexities. Some perform merely as networks of personal wallets, whereas others are extra akin to an on the spot exchanger or mixer, she says. “What hyperlinks them is their capacity to maneuver cryptocurrency to exchanges on behalf of cybercriminals, change them for both fiat forex or clear crypto, then ship that again to the cybercriminals.”

Preventing Again

Legislation enforcement, Plante says, should proceed creating its capacity to grab stolen cryptocurrency to the purpose that hacks are now not worthwhile.

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Federal brokers final 12 months seized funds North Korean hackers stole from Axie Infinity’s Ronin bridge hack by partnering with Web3 safety firms and tracing the funds on the blockchain. The U.S. FBI additionally recognized Lazarus because the responsible celebration behind the $100 million Concord-run Horizon bridge hack.

Comparable actions will nearly definitely happen in 2023, Plante says.

“When each transaction is recorded in a public ledger, it implies that regulation enforcement all the time has a path to comply with, even years after the actual fact, which is invaluable as investigative strategies enhance over time.”

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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

The native token of the Celestia blockchain, TIA has a market capitalisation of over $US1.3 billion. That places it in the top 100 coins globally, but the token’s value seems to be trending downwards.

TIA started the year at around $US12, reached an all-time high of over $US20 in February, and at the time of writing was worth $US6.90. Of course that’s still up over 200% on its initial listing price of $US2.08 around 240 days prior.

Celestia is a Layer 1 blockchain, designed to be ‘modular’ in nature with the goal of making it easy for developers to launch their own blockchain. Development time is primarily reduced by enabling developers to combine existing rollup (aka Layer 2 scaling solution) technology options to create their own customised stack. Celestia lets you can build an independent blockchain where:

  • The ‘execution’ layer of the blockchain—where smart contracts and transactions happen—can be separate from the consensus mechanism.
  • The blockchain’s consensus mechanisms and data availability functions leverage Celestia infrastructure, including its network validators.

The Celestia project was initiated in 2019 by co-founders Mustafa Al-Bassam and Ismail Khoffi and attracted considerable venture capital investment including a $US1.5 million seed round in 2021 and $US55 million raised in 2022. Celestia is built on the Cosmos SDK framework.

What Is the TIA Token?

One billion TIA tokens were created, with 20% for public allocation. Its current circulating supply is around 193 million. More tokens owed to initial investors will be gradually unlocked over coming years—which can be freely traded—with the first unlock event in October this year.

The TIA token’s role in the Celestia blockchain is three-fold:

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  1. Developers use TIA to pay gas fees on transactions and to publish data to what’s known as a ‘blobspace’ on the network’s data availability layer.
  2. Network validators and delegators stake TIA to support network consensus activities—verifying and securing transactions across a decentralised network of computers—as Celestia is a proof-of-stake blockchain. Validators and delegators also earn staking rewards in the form of TIA.
  3. TIA holders get some governance powers, being able to propose and vote on proposals to change a subset of network parameters.

Celestia’s TIA token is not to be confused with the token of the Tiamonds project, which also trades under the TIA symbol. The alternate TIA is a token distributed to owners of tokenised diamonds sold via the Tiamonds platform—which touts itself as the world’s largest tokenised diamond marketplace.

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative
  • Usiacurí becomes Colombia’s first municipality to integrate cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron into its economy.
  • The “Crypto District” initiative is a partnership between Usiacurí’s municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

Usiacurí, a quaint coastal town in Colombia, has taken a pioneering step by becoming the country’s first municipality to legally incorporate cryptocurrencies into its local economy. Launched on June 21, this innovative move is part of the “Crypto District” project, a collaborative effort between the Usiacurí municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

usiacuri-pioneers-cryptocurrency-integration-in-colombia-with-the-crypto-district-initiative
The CienTech Corporation participated in the launch of the Crypto District project in Usiacurí Atlántico, an initiative developed in alliance with Certika, the Universidad de la Costa (CUC) and the Mayor’s Office of Usiacurí that will allow the population of Usiacurí to connect to large global capitals through through Blockchain, the technology behind cryptocurrencies.

This initiative allows the use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron for both tourists and local residents to conduct transactions. The integration of digital currencies into Usiacurí’s economy is aimed at addressing the needs of foreign tourists and adapting to the demands of an increasingly globalized and digital world.

As we have written in Crypto News Flash, it positions Usiacurí at the forefront of financial technology by enabling artisans and local businesses to transact using blockchain technology, thus providing a fast and secure payment method.

Beyond facilitating e-commerce, the project is designed to boost the local economy by enabling artisans and small businesses to seamlessly sell their goods and services using blockchain technology. This move is expected to transform how commercial transactions are conducted in Usiacurí, enhancing efficiency and security for both buyers and sellers.

The inspiration for the “Crypto District” came from Bitcoin’s adoption in El Salvador, which you can read more about in our coverage in Crypto News Flash,  which was closely studied by Tito Crissien, the executive director of CienTech and an advisor at Universidad de la Costa. The university has been instrumental in the project, providing research and academic support through its studies on blockchain and its applications.

Crissien commented:

“The participation of the Universidad de la Costa was fundamental throughout the entire process, since through its teachers and researchers they have been strengthening the line of research into blockchain and its applications, such as this tool that “It allowed us to turn Usiacurí into the first municipality with a cryptocurrency district, generating more sales in its tourism and hotel sector.”

Usiacurí’s mayor, Julio Mario Calderón, expressed his enthusiasm about the initiative, highlighting its potential to attract visitors and establish the municipality as a key destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts. According to reports, over 60 local artisans, three hotels, two tourist guide agencies, and seven restaurants are already participating in the project.

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At the project’s launch, local artisans were equipped with cryptocurrency wallets and trained to conduct their first transactions. This initiative not only enhances Usiacurí’s tourism and hospitality sectors but also positions it as an innovative model for integrating crypto technology into municipal management and local commerce.

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%
Credit: CC0 Public Domain

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic saw an exponential rise in cryptocurrency investments which was partially driven by the stress of social isolation, QUT researchers have found.

The study’s results have major implications for financial advisors, marketers and policymakers on how to curb excessive risk-taking among isolated individuals.

The article, “Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency,” was published in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.

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Dr. Thusyanthy Lavan and Professor Brett Martin, from the QUT School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, with overseas colleagues, studied the consumer interest in cryptocurrency during the pandemic.

Dr. Lavan said the team looked at the impact of the pandemic’s prolonged enforced social isolation coupled with economic instability that drove risk-taking behavior, particularly in cryptocurrency investment.

“At the beginning of the pandemic, in January 2020, market capitalization of these online currencies was about $191 billion but had surged to $769 billion by December 2020,” Dr. Lavan said.

“This shift is underscored by the significant increase in the Bitcoin price, up 700% from March 2020 to March 2021.

“The attraction of these high-risk investments could be linked to their perceived potential for high returns during times of economic instability and market volatility.

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“A further factor might be people’s tendency to try to reinstate some control in their lives and gravitate toward more autonomous and seemingly empowering activities, such as trading in cryptocurrencies.

“With this in mind, our aim was to look for the broader psychological responses to social isolation that catalyzed these changes in consumer decision-making, particularly in adopting new, and potentially riskier behaviors.

“Previous research has established the direct effects of social isolation on risk-taking behavior in non-purchase situations such as sharing of personal information on social media, but this is one of the first studies to examine risky purchase behavior.”

Professor Martin said they conducted a survey in December 2022 during a lockdown period in Australia of 216 participants screened for awareness of and familiarity with cryptocurrency but who were not current investors.

“By focusing on potential future investors, we aimed to capture unbiased perceptions and insights into cryptocurrency investment decisions,” Professor Martin said.

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“Our survey sought to identify how three psychological constructs—perceived stress, sense of control and neuroticism—might underlie the relationship between social isolation and risk-taking behavior.

“Perceived stress is a personal interpretation of stress regarding a situation in a person’s life they consider to be beyond their adaptive capacities, while sense of control reflects a person’s belief in their ability to influence events and outcomes in their life.

“Neuroticism is a tendency to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and impulsiveness.

“Our analysis of the results showed that perceived stress, rather than a sense of control or neuroticism, plays a key role in driving risk-taking behaviors during periods of social isolation.

Professor Martin said the researchers were not criticizing cryptocurrency.

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“To be clear, my recently published research has shown how the process of cryptocurrency investing can have a positive effect on peoples’ lives.

“In this project, we looked at the effect of lockdowns and isolation-induced risk-taking. This research can provide insights on developing better support strategies for vulnerable populations.”

The research team comprised Dr. Lavan, Professor Martin, and Professor Weng Marc Lim and Professor Linda Hollebeek from Sunway University, Malayasia.

More information:
Thusyanthy Lavan et al, Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103951

Provided by
Queensland University of Technology

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Citation:
COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75% (2024, June 25)
retrieved 25 June 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-06-covid-social-isolation-drove-cryptocurrency.html

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