Business
Private judge, not jury, will hear Ponzi case against City National Bank
A private judge, not a Los Angeles jury, will render a verdict in the lawsuit seeking more than $770 million in damages from City National Bank over its alleged role in aiding a Ponzi scheme led by actor Zachary Horwitz.
U.S. District Court Judge Christina Snyder recently ruled in favor of a request by the Los Angeles bank to have the case handled by a “judicial referee,” an alternative form of dispute resolution that is similar to arbitration.
In arbitration, which has been criticized for its use by corporate and sexual harassment defendants to hide findings of wrongdoing, hearings are private and the judgments typically final and not made public. By contrast, hearings before judicial referees are technically open to the public, with the judgments also public and subject to appeal.
However, judicial referees can be an attractive option to defendants facing potentially large verdicts since the positions are typically filled by former judges — the kind of arbiters generally seen as being less likely than juries to return multi-billion dollar runaway verdicts.
“It is far less likely, in general, to inflame the passions of a retired judge who has significant experience in handling cases than it is to a jury who, in a lot of instances, this is their one and only case they are ever sitting on,” said attorney John Nadolenco, managing partner of Mayer Brown’s Los Angeles office.
The lawsuit was filed in February by a court-appointed receiver who is trying to recover losses incurred by investors in a Ponzi scheme led by Horwitz, a small-time actor who claimed he had a business acquiring film rights and licensing them to Netflix and other streaming platforms for foreign distribution.
Horwitz, who appeared in a handful of films under the stage name Zach Avery, had no such deals and forged contracts and emails to dupe investors, who poured more than $700 million into the scheme from 2013-19, when by the end of the year Horwitz had trouble raising money. He was arrested in 2021, pleaded guilty to securities fraud and was sentenced to 20 years in prison, owing some $230 million in restitution.
In the lawsuit, the receiver Michele Vives alleged the bank “substantially assisted” Horwitz by “adding an air of legitimacy” to the scheme and — driven by a desire to earn interest on a line of credit and sell Horwitz other services — “bent the rules” and accepted “incomprehensible explanations” about the sources of the funds and the flow of money in the accounts.
The bank said that the case should not be heard by a jury because the terms of the business accounts Horwitz opened at the bank for his company, 1inMM Capital, and related entities allow the bank to have judicial referees resolve disputes. Vives’ attorney unsuccessfully argued that the agreement did not apply to the receiver and that, in any case, the judge had the discretion on whether to appoint a referee. Snyder issued her ruling July 25.
City National defended its decision to block the case from going to a jury.
“Although City National does not comment in detail on pending litigation, we consistently abide by the terms of our agreements. City National will continue to defend itself vigorously and strongly disagrees with the receiver’s allegations,” the bank said in a statement.
An attorney for Vives declined comment, saying the receiver does not talk about active cases.
The two sides must now seek and pay for a referee to handle the litigation, which could move faster than in federal court, due to the busy calendar of district court judges. The law requires that the court post where the proceedings are held so the public can attend.
Ann Kough, a former Los Angeles County Superior Court judge who has worked as an arbitrator and judicial referee for two decades, said she has never had a member of the public attend a judicial reference hearing but that doesn’t mean the public wasn’t aware of the proceedings.
“It’s not really a matter of somebody coming into a room and wanting to listen, but they can see all the documents because they’re part of the the court record,” she said.
While the City National lawsuit has the potential to recover hundreds of millions of dollars for investors fleeced in the Ponzi scheme, the receiver also is seeking to recover funds from investors who made money on the scheme before it fell apart. Those include “aggregators” who brought multiple investors into the scheme and funneled money up to Horwitz.
In addition, the receiver has reached a settlement with a professional services firm that worked with Horwitz and is in settlement discussions with a “major financial institution” that did business with him. Other potential sources of funds include the sale of films Horwitz invested in with the scheme’s proceeds, according to an Aug. 5 update of the receiver’s activities filed in federal court.
Tom Lochtefeld, 61, who lost $150,000 in retirement funds invested in 2019, said he was disappointed to hear that the case was being heard by a judicial referee.
“It should be fully transparent and decided by a judge and jury as far as I’m concerned,” said the Connecticut resident.
Business
Snap CEO Evan Spiegel and Miranda Kerr help erase $550 million in medical debt for Californians
Snap Chief Executive Evan Spiegel and his wife, supermodel Miranda Kerr, have helped pay off $550 million in medical debt for more than 261,000 Californians.
The couple made a multimillion-dollar donation to Undue Medical Debt, a nonprofit that provides debt relief to people in financial need. The organization acquires medical debt in bulk from hospitals, physician groups, collection agencies and other groups for a fraction of the cost.
“When someone you love is sick. All you want to do is focus on helping them get better,” Kerr said in a video with Spiegel. “That’s why we wanted to support this effort and help relieve medical debt, so families can focus on caring for their loved ones and really supporting their healing.”
The couple and the nonprofit didn’t disclose the exact amount of the donation, but a small gift can go a long way. Every $10 donated to Undue Medical Debt relieves an average of $1,000 in medical debt.
The gift comes as Americans struggle with the medical debt and rising cost of living. California is one of the most expensive states to live in because of soaring housing costs and energy prices. Concerns about wealth inequality have sparked heated political debates about how much billionaires should contribute.
In the United States, 1 in 4 adults are in medical debt, said Undue Medical Debt President and Chief Executive Allison Sesso in a statement.
“It’s a growing crisis undermining healthcare access, economic wellbeing and mental health and we’re so grateful that Evan Spiegel and Miranda Kerr share our belief that no one should go bankrupt because of a cancer diagnosis and no family should have to choose between insulin and groceries,” she said.
Californians whose medical debt have been paid off will start receiving a letter in mid-July from Undue Medical Debt informing them of the debt relief. Individuals can’t request debt relief because the nonprofit acquires bundled debt for thousands of people at once. Those who qualify for debt relief either earn at or below 400% of the federal poverty level or have medical debt that is more than 5% of their income, the nonprofit says on its website.
San Diego County residents benefited the most from the donation with total medical debt relief through the couple’s gift totaling roughly $99 million and affecting 40,369 people. In Los Angeles County, the gift provided $26.7 million in medical debt relief to 17,466 people, according to the nonprofit.
Spiegel, whose net worth is roughly $2 billion, and Kerr have helped relieve debt for others in the past. In 2022, the couple paid off the student loans for the Otis College of Art and Design’s graduating class.
In 2025, Spiegel was among business leaders and philanthropists who helped form the Department of Angels, a group that aims to help L.A.’s fire recovery efforts. The California Community Foundation, Snap, Spiegel and Snapchat co-founder Bobby Murphy committed $10 million to help start that group.
Roughly 200,000 people lost their homes in the January 2025 Los Angeles County wildfires. Spiegel, who grew up in Pacific Palisades and lost his childhood home in the fires, donated $5 million in immediate aid with Snap and Murphy that month.
He said in a statement that California has given so much to him and his family and that he cares “deeply about the wellbeing of our communities.”
“At a time when many families are already facing rising costs across nearly every aspect of daily life, an unexpected medical bill can create financial stress that lasts for years,” Spiegel said.
Undue Medical Debt said it’s abolished more than $40 billion of medical debt in all 50 states.
Business
An electric truck for less than $25,000? Deliveries begin this year
The electric vehicle company Slate Auto set out in 2022 to make the most affordable electric truck in the country. This week, it unveiled the price tag: $24,950.
At a time when demand for new electric vehicles is cooling and cars are getting harder to afford, Slate’s customizable truck could bring a fresh wave of excitement to the industry.
Deliveries will begin later this year and accelerate in 2027, the company said. Slate’s vehicle is built around a simple concept — pay only for what you actually want.
Buyers will start with a basic truck without power windows or even paint and can then customize it however they like. They can tailor-make their “blank slate” by paying extra for smart phone-compatible screens, speakers, colored wrap or paint. A $5,000 kit even converts the truck into an SUV.
Slate’s design team is based in Los Angeles County and recently moved into a new space in Carson, which employs about 50 workers. The company’s headquarters are in Troy, Mich., and its vehicles will be produced in Warsaw, Ind.
Squeezing out as much cost as possible while making it as easy as Legos to snap on different options has required complex engineering, which is why the company decided to set up its design studio in Southern California. The region is full of experts.
“Slate has done something smart,” said auto industry analyst Brian Moody. “Their EV isn’t only about price, there’s also a strong personalization element. In Southern California, the boxy, retro look will earn it a lot of attention.”
Slate is an EV startup that makes electric trucks and SUVs. Customers buy only the features they want. Photographed on Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. (Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times)
The company is building a marketplace of accessories for customers to choose from, including 54 basic wraps that cost less than $500 each. In contrast, a paint job on a car can cost thousands of dollars. The marketplace also offers roof stacks, zip-on seat covers and stereos.
For just under $30,000 total, customers can get a basic SUV in a fastback or squareback style. Whether it’s configured as a truck or SUV, the EV will have an estimated range of 205 miles and will be compatible with Tesla chargers.
“This is the first time in automotive history that consumers are going to get to choose,” said Slate Chief Executive Peter Faricy, who joined the company in March after 13 years with Amazon.
“It started with design, then engineering, and eventually manufacturing, and we figured out innovations in all three of those phases that make the vehicle less expensive,” he said.
For example, Slate vehicles were designed from the beginning to be wrapped instead of painted. The company will offer more than 100 colors of wrap at its launch, or customers can choose a custom color.
Slate did not disclose financial information or how much the vehicles cost to produce. However, Faricy said the company will generate a positive gross margin on its vehicles, meaning they are selling for more than what they cost to make.
“Whether Slate succeeds or fails, it has already influenced the conversation … forcing the industry to ask why affordable vehicles have become so rare,” said Jesse Toprak, an industry analyst and founder of OptiCar.ai. “They are betting on making higher profit margins on the accessories and do-it-yourself angle.”
Slate says it has already received more than 180,000 reservations. The earlier a customer placed their reservation, the sooner they’ll get their vehicle. Pre-orders opened Wednesday for $300, or $250 if the customer has already paid a $50 reservation fee.
Despite the hype, Slate is still a startup that has yet to prove itself in the market. The company has about 750 employees and has raised more than $700 million from Amazon’s Jeff Bezos and others.
“For the vehicle itself, the concept is brilliant,” Toprak said. “I think the execution risk is enormous.”
The EV industry has been under fire from the Trump administration, which has removed incentives for ownership and clean-car goals. Major automakers including Ford and Stellantis have pared back their EV offerings, and other startups have struggled to turn a profit.
The Irvine-based EV company Rivian, which hasn’t reached profitability since its founding in 2009, recently laid off hundreds of workers. It launched its highly anticipated R2 SUV earlier this month, which will eventually be available for less than $45,000.
Lucid, the luxury electric vehicle maker based in Newark, Calif., announced this week that it’s reducing its workforce by 18%. The cuts come just months after it laid off 319 Bay Area employees in February.
Faricy, Slate’s chief executive, said the company’s vehicle will appeal to a wide range of customers.
“There will be a lot of people that are attracted to the affordability but have never had an EV before,” he said.
According to Cox Automotive, the average transaction price for a new EV in the U.S. is $55,000, compared with $49,000 for a gas-powered vehicle.
“The EV market at this point doesn’t have a technology problem anymore,” Toprak said. “It has an affordability problem. Slate is one of the first companies built entirely around solving that.”
Business
Sony Pictures invests $100 million in virtual reality venue Cosm
Sony Pictures will invest $100 million and take a minority stake in virtual reality venue operator Cosm, as the studio continues to build a business in communal experiences.
As part of the investment, Sony Pictures Chief Executive Ravi Ahuja will also join Cosm’s board of directors, the studio said Wednesday. The size of Sony’s minority stake was not disclosed.
The El Segundo-based Cosm currently operates three venues — one at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, and the others in Dallas and Atlanta. The company plans to open additional venues in Detroit and Cleveland.
Cosm bills itself as a “shared reality venue,” and its facilities center around a massive, wraparound screen that is intended to envelop viewers with additional digital effects. The company has largely focused on sports, though it has also shown Cirque du Soleil shows and done several collaborations with Warner Bros., including recent screenings of 2001’s “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” in honor of the film’s 25th anniversary.
“Cosm sits at the intersection of several trends shaping the future of entertainment,” Ahuja said in a statement. “We’ve followed Cosm since before launch and have been impressed with the quality of the experience and the enthusiasm it’s generating with audiences.”
The investment is Sony’s latest venture into experiential entertainment. In 2024, the Culver City-based studio acquired dine-in theater chain Alamo Drafthouse Cinema.
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