Crypto
Washington State Targets Kalshi in Illegal Online Betting Lawsuit
Is Kalshi Legal in Washington State? AG Says No, Files Suit
The complaint, filed in King County Superior Court, targets Kalshi‘s binary event contracts, wagers priced between one cent and 99 cents that pay out $1 to winners and nothing to losers. Washington argues those contracts meet the state’s statutory definition of gambling under RCW 9.46.0237: “ staking or risking something of value upon the outcome of a contest of chance or a future contingent event not under the person’s control.”
Brown’s office is seeking a permanent injunction, full restitution for Washington residents’ losses, disgorgement of Kalshi’s profits, and civil penalties for each violation. Investigators also want a full accounting of every Washington user’s transactions.
The AG’s office did not limit its targets to sports betting. The complaint accuses Kalshi of offering markets on elections, Supreme Court cases, entertainment outcomes, public health data, and international conflicts. “For Kalshi, every event, every tragedy is nothing more than a potential way for Americans to risk their fortunes,” Brown said in a statement accompanying the filing.
Kalshi, founded in 2018 and publicly launched around 2021, operates as a CFTC-designated contract market for event contracts — a category of commodity derivatives. The company expanded aggressively into sports betting in 2025 and has marketed its platform as “legal betting in all 50 states.”
The company moved the case to federal court immediately after the filing, citing exclusive federal jurisdiction. A Kalshi spokesperson said Brown’s office had a scheduled meeting with Kalshi before filing suit and that going forward with the complaint was premature. Kalshi also disputed specific market claims in the complaint, saying it does not offer war markets as alleged.
Washington has among the strictest gambling statutes in the country. Its 1889 state constitution prohibited gambling on state lands. The 1973 Gambling Act tightly limited most forms of wagering, and the 2006 legislation explicitly banned online gambling. State officials insist Kalshi operates outside all three frameworks.
Washington is not acting alone. At least 11 states have issued cease-and-desist orders against prediction market platforms. Arizona filed criminal charges against Kalshi in March 2026. Nevada obtained a temporary restraining order barring Kalshi from offering sports, politics, and entertainment markets, and a separate 60-day preliminary injunction covering Coinbase’s Kalshi-powered products. An Ohio federal judge ruled Kalshi must follow state gambling laws for sports betting.
Kalshi has also notched federal wins. Courts in New Jersey and Tennessee ruled in its favor. A case in Michigan involves rival platform Polymarket, which filed preemptively. Utah, where Kalshi sued to block a proposed ban, remains active.
The legal conflict centers on a direct clash between state police powers and federal commodities law. The CFTC has issued guidance on manipulation and is weighing additional rules. Trump administration CFTC Chair Brian Selig and prior agency amicus briefs have sided with federal preemption.
Legal experts tracking the cases say the disagreement could reach the U.S. Supreme Court. States argue prediction market platforms are sportsbooks operating without state licenses, targeting young adults through leaderboards, push notifications, and influencer promotions. Kalshi disputes that framing, saying its exchange is structurally different from state-regulated sportsbooks and casinos.
Washington residents using Kalshi may lose access to the platform while litigation proceeds. The state’s restitution claim draws on the Recovery of Money Lost at Gambling Act, which allows consumers to reclaim gambling losses.
The case is in its earliest stages. The federal transfer ruling will determine which court hears the matter first.
FAQ 🔎
- What is Kalshi being sued for in Washington? Washington AG Nick Brown alleges Kalshi operates an illegal online gambling service in violation of the state’s Gambling Act and Consumer Protection Act.
- Is Kalshi legal in Washington State? Washington says no — the state is seeking a permanent injunction to block Kalshi from operating within its borders.
- How does Kalshi respond to the Washington lawsuit? Kalshi moved the case to federal court, arguing it operates under exclusive CFTC jurisdiction that preempts state gambling laws.
- What states have taken action against Kalshi? Washington, Arizona, Nevada, Ohio, and at least 11 other states have filed lawsuits, criminal charges, or cease-and-desist orders against Kalshi or rival prediction markets.
Crypto
Premier League’s Last Gambling Shirt Season: £140M and a UK Crackdown
Arsenal’s First Title Push in 22 Years Plays Out as Clubs Face Revenue Cliff and Potential Blank Shirts Next Season
In 2023, Premier League clubs entered a voluntary agreement to remove gambling front-of-shirt sponsors by 2026/27 – and the cliff edge is coming. Going beyond this change, the UK government announced on February 23 that it would launch a consultation this spring aimed at banning unlicensed gambling operators from sponsoring British sports organizations entirely, potentially closing a loophole that currently allows offshore betting firms to maintain shirt deals.
This proposal goes further than the voluntary ban and covers sleeves, training kits, stadium branding, and every other promotional avenue. Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy said it was “not right that unlicensed gambling operators can sponsor some of our biggest football clubs, raising their profile and potentially drawing fans towards sites that don’t meet our regulatory standards.”
Multiple Premier League clubs still carry unlicensed gambling firms as front-of-shirt sponsors heading into the tail end of the season. Under the voluntary ban, licensed gambling brands would still be permitted on shirt sleeves, training kits, stadium signage, and pitchside LED boards from next season. However, the government’s proposed crackdown on unlicensed operators would go further, potentially barring them from all sponsorship arrangements with British sports clubs, not just front-of-shirt placement.
Historically, gambling firms have paid up to double what alternative sectors offer for such a marketing opportunity. An audit published by The ESK found that gambling brands account for £95 million, or 23.3% of the total £408 million front-of-shirt market. For several of the affected teams, gambling sponsorships make up between 28% and 38% of total commercial revenue.
ESK’s analysis recorded 27,440 gambling-related messages during the opening weekend of the current season alone across TV, radio, and social media – fewer than 10% of which came from shirt sponsors. FX, crypto, fintech, and payroll brands are emerging as the primary competitors for the vacant front-of-shirt inventory.
The ban’s final weeks coincide with one of the most dramatic title races in recent Premier League history. Arsenal, who do not carry a gambling shirt sponsor, lead Manchester City nine points at the time of writing, with the Pep Guardiola-led side having a game in hand and a defining fixture between the two set to take place at the Etihad on April 19. Statistical models give the Gunners a 97% chance of winning their first league title since 2004.
None of the traditional “Sky Six” clubs are directly affected by the sponsorship ban: Arsenal wear Emirates, Manchester City wear Etihad, Manchester United wear Qualcomm, Liverpool wear Standard Chartered, and Tottenham wear AIA. Chelsea started the season without a front-of-shirt sponsor after failing to close a reported £65 million replacement deal. The 11 clubs carrying gambling brands on their shirts this season are concentrated in the league’s middle and lower tiers, where the financial impact will be sharpest, especially among the key relegation candidates.
Reports have emerged that some clubs are struggling to secure replacement sponsors in time for next season. According to BritBrief, the prospect of teams starting the 2026/27 campaign with blank shirt fronts is being described within the industry as “not a great look” for the world’s most-watched football competition. West Ham – one of the teams flirting with relegation this season – are among the clubs understood to have approached premium automotive brands, but agreements remain elusive.
Previous record shirt sponsorship deals in the Premier League include Manchester United’s £235 million agreement with Qualcomm signed in 2024 and Chelsea’s reported £40 million-per-year deal with Infinite Athlete. Manchester City settled a legal dispute with the Premier League over sponsorship rules in September, clearing the path for a new Etihad Airways deal reportedly worth up to £1 billion over 10 years – potentially the largest commercial partnership in British sporting history.
FAQ 🔎
- When does the Premier League gambling shirt ban start? The voluntary ban on front-of-shirt gambling sponsorship takes effect from the start of the 2026/27 season, making 2025/26 the final campaign with betting logos on matchday shirts.
- How many Premier League clubs have gambling shirt sponsors? Eleven of the 20 Premier League clubs carry gambling brands on their front-of-shirt this season, including Aston Villa, Everton, West Ham, Nottingham Forest, and Wolves.
- Can gambling brands still sponsor Premier League clubs after the ban? Licensed gambling operators can still appear on shirt sleeves, training kits, stadium signage, and LED boards, but a separate UK government consultation could ban unlicensed operators from all sponsorship arrangements entirely.
- How much revenue will Premier League clubs lose from the gambling ban? The collective value of front-of-shirt gambling deals exceeds £140 million per season, with some affected clubs deriving between 28% and 38% of their total commercial revenue from betting sponsors.
Crypto
Solana-Based DeFi Exchange Suffers $285 Million Hack | PYMNTS.com
Decentralized cryptocurrency exchange Drift has suffered an exploit that drained $285 million in digital assets.
Crypto
Charles Schwab-Backed EDX Markets Applies for National Trust Bank Charter With OCC
EDX Markets Holding Company Files OCC Charter Application for Crypto Trust Bank
The application was made public on Wednesday, April 1, and first reported on by Bloomberg. It requests full fiduciary powers under 12 U.S.C. § 92a and authorization to provide digital asset custody, asset management, and settlement services exclusively for institutional clients. The proposed main office is located at 200 W. Madison, Suite 1450, Chicago, IL 60606.
EDX Markets launched in June 2023 as an institutional-only cryptocurrency exchange. Its founding backers include Citadel Securities, Fidelity Digital Assets, Charles Schwab, Virtu Financial, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, Hudson River Trading, and Miami International Holdings.
The platform operates on a non-custodial model, meaning it does not hold client assets during trading, a structure that mirrors how traditional finance (TradFi) firms separate custody from execution. The proposed trust bank would not change that separation. EDX Trust would handle custody, asset management, and settlement. Order matching and trading would remain with its affiliate, EDX Markets LLC.
If approved, EDX Trust would offer fiduciary custody of digital assets, cash, and stablecoins, using sub-custodian banks to manage private keys and reduce single points of failure. The bank would also manage custodied cash and stablecoins by investing them in highly liquid assets, targeting returns near the federal funds rate, along with permissible staking and yield-generating activity.
Settlement services would include riskless principal trading and end-of-day net settlement for clients operating on the EDX Markets platform or in over-the-counter (OTC) venues. The bank would not conduct proprietary trading.
The proposed board includes five members, among them independents with banking and risk backgrounds from First Business Financial, UBS, and Charles Schwab. Management draws from executives who have worked at Cboe Digital, the Options Clearing Corporation, Coinbase, and Kraken.
CEO José Antonio Acuña-Rohter, who previously led ErisX and Cboe Digital, is heading the effort. The bank would have no physical branches and no retail services. All operations would run electronically through APIs and a graphical interface.
The OCC added the application to its public list of pending digital asset licensing applications on March 26. No decision timeline has been announced.
The filing joins a growing list of crypto and fintech firms seeking national trust bank charters since late 2025. In December 2025, the OCC granted conditional approvals to five crypto-related institutions, including de novo charters for Ripple National Trust Bank and First National Digital Currency Bank, along with conversions for Bitgo, Fidelity Digital Assets, and Paxos. Early 2026 saw additional approvals for Crypto.com and Stripe’s Bridge unit.
Pending applications as of April 1 include Revolut Bank US, Zerohash National Trust Bank, Morgan Stanley Digital Trust, Coinbase National Trust Company, and World Liberty Trust Company, which has ties to the Trump family.
A new OCC final rule, effective April 1, 2026, clarifies that national trust banks may engage in operations of a trust company and activities related to non-fiduciary digital asset custody on a case-by-case basis. The rule removes one layer of legal ambiguity that had slowed institutional adoption.
A federal charter allows a firm to operate nationwide under a single regulatory framework, bypassing most state-by-state licensing requirements. For institutions that require regulated custody before allocating to digital assets, that distinction carries weight.
Like the others in line, the OCC will review the EDX Trust application for safety and soundness, capital adequacy, and compliance. The application includes a large volume of confidential exhibits, including the business plan and financial projections, for which EDX has requested FOIA protection.
FAQ 🔎
- What is EDX Markets applying for? EDX Markets Holding Company filed an application with the OCC on March 25, 2026, to charter EDX Trust, National Association, as a de novo national trust bank in Chicago focused on institutional digital asset custody and settlement.
- Who backs EDX Markets? Key investors include Citadel Securities, Fidelity Digital Assets, Charles Schwab, Virtu Financial, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, and Hudson River Trading.
- What services would EDX Trust offer? The proposed bank would provide fiduciary custody of digital assets and stablecoins, asset management, and settlement services exclusively for institutional clients via electronic channels.
- Has the OCC approved the EDX Trust application? No decision has been announced; the OCC listed the application as pending on March 26, 2026, and will review it for safety, soundness, and compliance.
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