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War with Iran disrupts fertilizer exports as U.S. farmers prepare for planting season

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War with Iran disrupts fertilizer exports as U.S. farmers prepare for planting season

Matt Ubel, standing on his farm near Wheaton, Kansas, motions to the fertilizer spreader he’ll use to spread urea fertilizer this spring.

Frank Morris


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Frank Morris

Spring planting season is starting across the northern hemisphere. But before seeds go into the ground, nutrients go into the soil. Typically nitrogen fertilizer.

“Right now, we’re kind of … we’ll be in the thick of it,” farmer Matt Ubel said from the cab of his huge green fertilizer spreader near Wheaton, Kansas. “Lot of nitrogen gets put on in the spring.”

The high cost of fertilizer and other farming necessities pushed many row crop farmers into the red last year. Ubel says some were holding out for lower prices this spring, only to see the price of the most common nitrogen fertilizer, urea, spike close to 30% when Iran shut down shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, halting close to half the world’s fertilizer trade.

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“This probably threw some guys for a loop,” said Ubel.

The Persian Gulf, nitrogen fertilizer hub of the world

Farmers in rural Kansas, and across the world, are feeling the unexpected consequences of the war in the Persian Gulf because closing the Strait of Hormuz has bottled up almost 50% of the world’s urea exports.

Every plant needs nitrogen to grow. The best source of nitrogen is natural gas, and the Gulf states are sitting on the world’s largest gas reserve.

“If you had sat us down before and said, ‘Hey, I want you to think of the nightmare scenario for fertilizer. What would it be?’ It would be this exact event during this exact time of year,” said Josh Linville, who oversees the global fertilizer department at the brokerage firm StoneX.

Linville says urea that had been expected to arrive in the United States next month, in the peak of planting season, won’t come.

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The Fertilizer Institute predicts that U.S. farmers will be short some 2,000,000 tons of urea this spring.

The United States is currently the world’s top natural gas producer, which supports a robust domestic fertilizer industry. Still, U.S. companies import about 18% of the nitrogen fertilizer sold in this country, drawing heavily on imports to cover the spring planting surge.

Other countries are much more dependent on petrochemical imports. Liquefied Natural Gas imports from the Persian Gulf fuel urea production in some of the top-producing countries. Or it did.

“Countries like India, the second biggest urea producer in the world, their production rates are starting to fall. Pakistan, China, all of these major producing countries are struggling to get these gas supplies,” says Linville. “And all of a sudden, they’re having to say, well, we’ve only got so much. We need to lower our fertilizer production to put into some of these other industries.”

And natural gas isn’t the only problem. About half the world’s sulfur exports were shipped out of the Strait of Hormuz.

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For instance, sulfur is an important plant nutrient on its own, but it’s also a critical ingredient in phosphate fertilizer.

“We do produce a lot of phosphate fertilizers here in the U.S., but if we can’t get sulfur, we can’t produce phosphate fertilizers,” said Veronica Nigh, chief economist at the Fertilizer Institute. “And so, it’s kind of a twofer there.”

No easy answers

Federal lawmakers are trying to help.. Bipartisan Senate legislation aims to lower fertilizer costs by requiring more transparent pricing.

The Trump Administration is lifting barriers to fertilizer imports from Venezuela and Morocco.

“They’re trying to pull a number of levers,” said Nigh. “I think that it’s the acknowledgement that there aren’t a lot of easy answers to this problem.”

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There’s very little slack in the fertilizer supply chain. The product doesn’t store well, some of it is prone to blowing up, some if it gets clumpy and hard to use with the slightest moisture. According to Nigh, fertilizer plants tend to operate at capacity and take years to construct. Iran was a top urea producer and exporter before the war. It’s unclear when or if that capacity will come back online.

The gas fields in Iran and Qatar are the world’s largest natural gas reserves. They supplied fertilizer production in India, normally the world’s second-largest nitrogen fertilizer producer. But, those fields have been severely damaged in the war.

Even after the Strait of Hormuz reopens, it will likely take months to straighten out the fertilizer supply chain.

“How long does it take until we get back to normal? It could be a while,” Nigh said.

Meantime, American farmers may have to make hard choices at planting time. Corn, for instance, needs a lot of nitrogen to thrive. Soybeans need less, so U.S. farmers may grow less corn and more soybeans. Farmers who can’t source fertilizer may even skip a year.

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“Think watermelons and cantaloupe and things along those lines in Texas, those don’t get planted,” said Nigh, “Or pumpkins in Indiana.”

On the one hand, less fertilizer use could be good for the environment. Fertilizer runoff pollutes water sources and fuels toxic algae blooms.

But the fertilizer shock triggered by the attack on Iran will invariably mean that people around the world have less to eat. And that could be an acute problem in vulnerable countries, especially those dependent on Persian Gulf oil for fertilizer.

“What our product is used for, is food, is the production of food,” Nigh said. “So the consequences aren’t going to be immediate, but they could be substantial.

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Man arrested in plot to firebomb Palestinian activist’s home after undercover op

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Man arrested in plot to firebomb Palestinian activist’s home after undercover op

Police detain Nerdeen Kiswani, an organizer of pro-Palestinian demonstration group “Within Our Lifetime” during a protest on Friday, April 12, 2024, in New York.

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NEW YORK — A man accused of planning to firebomb the home of a prominent Palestinian activist has been arrested following a weekslong undercover operation led by the New York City Police Department, officials said Friday.

The target of the plot was Nerdeen Kiswani, who frequently leads protests in New York against Israel and the war in Gaza through the organization Within Our Lifetime.

Kiswani, 31, said law enforcement officials informed her late Thursday that they had disrupted “a threat on my life that was about to take place.”

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Federal authorities said they arrested Alexander Heifler on Thursday at his home in Hoboken, New Jersey, as he was assembling Molotov cocktails that he planned to throw at Kiswani’s home. For weeks, he had discussed the plot with an undercover NYPD detective who had infiltrated a group chat used by Heifler, according to a police department spokesperson.

An official who was briefed on the investigation said Heifler, 26, identified as a member of the JDL 613 Brotherhood, a New Jersey-based group founded in 2024 that describes its membership as “Jewish warriors” fighting back against rising antisemitism.

A website for the group says they are inspired by the original Jewish Defense League, a group linked to numerous bombings and attempted assassinations of Arab American political activists in the 1970s and 1980s.

Heifler planned to flee to Israel following the attack, according to the official, who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the details of an ongoing investigation.

An email inquiry sent to the JDL 613 was not returned.

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Kiswani, who lives in Brooklyn with her infant son and husband, said the plot would not deter her continued activism.

“I feel very blessed that they were able to thwart this, but it’s something that is a constant possibility for people who speak up on behalf of Palestine,” she said.

Heifler was charged in a criminal complaint with separate counts of making and possessing destructive devices, which each carry a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison. A message left with his attorney was not returned. He made an initial appearance in New Jersey federal court on Friday afternoon.

“Let me be clear: We will not tolerate violent extremism in our city,” New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani said in a statement. “No one should face violence for their political beliefs or their advocacy. I am relieved that Nerdeen is safe.”

According to a court filing written by an FBI agent, Heifler spoke on a video call in February with a group that included an undercover detective about his interest in training for “self-defense” and wanting space where he could throw Molotov cocktails.

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The next day, he met with the undercover detective in person and discussed his plan to use them against Kiswani and flee the country, according to the complaint. “We have (Kiswani’s) address,” Heifler allegedly told the undercover. “So it’s like that, that would be easier if you’d be more comfortable with that.”

Heifler and the undercover detective drove to Kiswani’s residence on March 4 to “conduct surveillance” and discussed making a dozen Molotov cocktails to throw at her home and two cars parked outside, complaint said.

On Thursday, the undercover detective and Heifler met at Heifler’s Hoboken residence, where he had assembled components to make the Molotov cocktails, including a large bottle of Everclear, a highly flammable alcohol, the complaint said. Law enforcement officers then executed a search warrant at the residence and recovered the eight Molotov cocktails, the complaint said.

Kiswani co-founded the group Within Our Lifetime, which frequently organizes protests against Israel that draw hundreds of participants and often end in arrests. The group’s calls to “abolish Zionism” and support for “all forms of struggle,” including violence, has drawn fierce criticism. Kiswani denies that her criticism of Israel amounts to antisemitism.

Kiswani has been a frequent target of online vitriol. Earlier this year, U.S. Rep. Randy Fine, a Florida Republican, sparked backlash after writing in a social media post that “the choice between dogs and Muslims is not a difficult one.” The post was a response to a message Kiswani shared about dog owners, which she said was a light joke.

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“That hate against Palestinians has been bolstered by public officials, by Zionist organizations, who are never held accountable,” she said. “This is the inevitable result of that.”

The operation was carried out by the Racially and Ethnically Motivated Extremism unit within the NYPD’s counterterrorism bureau, a police spokesperson said.

“This is exactly how our intelligence and counterterrorism operation is designed to work — a sophisticated apparatus built to detect danger early and prevent violence before it reaches our streets,” Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch said.

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Iran-linked hackers have breached FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal emails | CNN Politics

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Iran-linked hackers have breached FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal emails | CNN Politics

Hackers connected to the Iranian government accessed FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal email and posted materials — including photos and documents — taken from his account, a person familiar with the breach confirmed to CNN.

The hackers have published a series of photos of Patel from before he became FBI director that they claim were stolen from his personal email account. A source familiar with the incident confirmed the images’ authenticity.

The stolen emails appear to date from around 2011 to 2022 and appear to include personal, business and travel correspondence that Patel had with various contacts, according to a preliminary CNN review of the files with the help of an independent cybersecurity researcher.

What the hacking group is calling a breach of “impenetrable” FBI systems is in reality something much more mundane — a breach of things like family photos and details on Patel’s previous search for an apartment, said the researcher, Ron Fabela.

“This isn’t an FBI compromise — it’s someone’s personal junk drawer,” he said.

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Reuters first reported the breach of Patel’s email on Friday.

The FBI has confirmed the breach and said no government information was obtained. The FBI is offering a $10 million reward for information that leads to the identification for the “Handala Hack Team,” a group the FBI says has frequently targeted US governement officials.

“The FBI is aware of malicious actors targeting Director Patel’s personal email information, and we have taken all necessary steps to mitigate potential risks associated with this activity,” a statement from the FBI said in part. “Consistent with President Trump’s Cyber Strategy for America, the FBI will continue to pursue the actors responsible, support victims, and share actionable intelligence in defense of networks.”

US intelligence officials have repeatedly warned about the possibility of Tehran-linked hackers retaliating for the US and Israeli bombing of Iran that began last month. It is also not the first time Iranian-backed hackers have accessed Patel’s private information.

In late 2024, Patel, just weeks away from being appointed to lead the FBI, was informed by officials that he had been targeted as part of an Iranian hack and some of his personal communications had been accessed.

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The 2024 hack was part of a broader effort by foreign hackers — from China and Iran — to access accounts for incoming Trump officials including now Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche, former interim US Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia Lindsey Halligan and Donald Trump Jr.

The Iran-linked hacking group that claimed responsibility for accessing Patel’s emails in this most recent breach was also behind a cyberattack earlier this month that disrupted business operations at a major US medical device maker.

The hackers said then that they were retaliating for a missile strike on an elementary school in Iran, which Iranian state media has claimed killed at least 168 children. The Pentagon has said it is investigating that incident.

The Justice Department has accused the hackers of working for Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security. The department responded to the hack of the medical device company by seizing websites used by the Iran-linked hackers to disrupt their operations. But the Iranian cyber operatives have continued to claim victims and spread propaganda.

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