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Combining small changes in diet, exercise and sleep may extend life | CNN

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Combining small changes in diet, exercise and sleep may extend life | CNN

Small changes in diet, exercise and sleep may extend life by a year when put into practice together, while making larger changes could provide more than nine additional years of life, according to a new study.

Combining changes in diet, sleep and exercise also increased “health span,” or the number of years a person may live without major health complaints.

“These findings highlight the importance of considering lifestyle behaviors as a package rather than in isolation,” said lead study author Nick Koemel, a research fellow in physical activity, lifestyle and population health at the University of Syndey’s main campus in Camperdown, Australia.

“By targeting small improvements across multiple behaviors simultaneously, the required change for any single behavior is substantially reduced, which may help overcome common barriers to long-term behavior change,” Koemel said in an email.

READ MORE: Can’t sleep? Take steps to improve your sleep hygiene, which boosts health.

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However, that finding is far from conclusive, said Kevin McConway, professor emeritus of applied statistics at the Open University in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, who was not involved in the study.

“A snag is that the paper uses complicated statistical methods that are not always described clearly,” McConway said in an email. “It’s therefore difficult to tell to what extent the findings have emerged from the researchers’ choice of statistical analyses, rather than things that are clearer from the data.”

Using scientific modeling, Koemel and his team found combining as little as five additional minutes of sleep, two minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (such as brisk walking or taking the stairs), and an additional ½ cup of vegetables a day might lengthen life by a year.

However, this predicted outcome was only for people who had an extremely poor diet, slept less than six hours per night and only exercised about seven minutes a day. In addition, it wasn’t until the model’s lifestyle improvements greatly increased that the results became scientifically significant.

“All of the gains reported in this study are theoretical,” Koemel said. “We cannot claim a direct causal effect from the lifestyle patterns. These findings should therefore be interpreted as expected or projected benefits under assumed behavioral variations, rather than confirmed effects of an intervention.”

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The greatest gain in longevity — 9.35 years — and health span — 9.46 years — came with the combination of an addition of 42 to 103 minutes of exercise and sleeping between seven and eight hours a day, while also eating an extremely healthy diet that included fish, whole grains, vegetables and fruits.

Adding exercise to the mix moved the longevity needle the most — a fact that did not surprise preventive cardiologist Dr. Andrew Freeman, director of cardiovascular prevention and wellness at National Jewish Health in Denver.

“Exercise is the elixir of youth,” said Freeman, who was not involved in the study. “But let me be clear — this study should not be interpreted as exercising for exactly two minutes and stop, you’ve accomplished a goal.

“Rather, you should aim to get 20 to 30 minutes of brisk, breathless physical activity, combining strength and cardio in every day. That advice has not changed over decades of study.”

READ MORE: Want to start moving? Check out this guidance to ease into walking.

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The study, published Wednesday in the journal eClinicalMedicine, looked at almost 60,000 participants from England, Scotland and Wales in the UK Biobank, a longitudinal health study, who were followed for an average of eight years. Everyone in the study provided information on their diet — including ultraprocessed foods, such as sugar-sweetened beverages. A subset of the group also wore wrist watches that provided more objective measurements of movement and sleep.

Researchers gathered this medical data and used it to form theoretical scenarios of improved longevity and health span, which was defined as the number of years free of cardiovascular disease, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes.

Enjoying a longer life and a longer health span, or remaining free of disease, aren’t the same thing, Koemel said. “Combined improvements in sleep, physical activity, and diet were associated with longer lifespans, even if people still developed some chronic conditions later in life.”

READ MORE: Want to improve your diet? Instead of making drastic changes, you can ease into the Mediterranean diet.

After adjusting the findings for many variables — such as the amount of ultraprocessed foods, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, insomnia, snoring and daytime sleepiness — the results differed depending on how much of each behavior change was accomplished.

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In addition to the lowest and highest levels of the lifestyle changes discussed above, researchers also found lower levels of exercise — less than 23 minutes a day — sleeping seven to eight hours a night, and an excellent diet were associated with nearly four more years of life and three years of health, the study found.

Moderate levels of exercise (between 23 and 42 minutes a day), sleeping up to eight hours per night, and a high-quality diet were associated with a greater improvement of an additional seven years of life and just over six years of good health. So many calculations! What does it all mean?

“This is not about the absolute minutes you exercise or sleep or the number of pieces of broccoli you eat. It’s about making sure that all the things you do in your life are synonymous with health,” Freeman said.

“This is a great time of year to reflect on how you live and make big changes that will set you up for a life of wellness by modifying your life’s trajectory,” he said. “The overall signal in the noise is if you live well, your health span and then your lifespan will be longer.”

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13 best fitness watches for 2026, tried and tested

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13 best fitness watches for 2026, tried and tested

What is the difference between a fitness watch and a smartwatch?

Fitness watches are designed primarily for tracking health and activity, with features like workout modes, heart rate monitoring, GPS and sleep insights, often paired with longer battery life. They’re a good choice if you train regularly or are looking to build healthier habits.

Smartwatches, on the other hand, focus more on lifestyle features like notifications, calls, apps and contactless payments, with fitness tracking as an extra. If you want something that fits seamlessly into everyday life as well as workouts, a smartwatch may be the better option. Some devices sit in the middle, offering a balance of both.

Our round-up includes a mix of dedicated fitness trackers and lifestyle watches, so you’re bound to find one that suits your needs.


What is the best fitness tracker for sleep?

Sleep tracking capabilities vary between devices. Some just total up the number of hours you’re getting, while others break this down into heavy, light and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Some also provide a score for the quality of your sleep and offer tips on how to improve it.

All of the watches featured in this round-up offer a solid level of sleep tracking, but if sleep is your main focus, it’s worth considering a dedicated device such as the Oura Ring 4 smart ring or the Garmin Index Sleep Monitor, a lightweight armband designed to be worn overnight – both of which we’ve tested and rated by the Good Housekeeping Institute.

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Are fitness trackers waterproof?

All fitness trackers are sweat-proof and many are also waterproof, meaning they can be worn when you’re in the shower or when swimming. If you swim several regularly, look out for a fitness tracker that will monitor your pool sessions, including the number of lengths you swim, as well as the time you’re active and the calories you burn.


Can fitness trackers measure blood pressure?

No, most fitness trackers can’t measure blood pressure directly. However, the Huawei Watch D2, which we’ve tested, does offer on-wrist blood pressure monitoring using an inflatable cuff built into the strap.

If monitoring your blood pressure is a priority, it’s worth investing in a dedicated, clinically validated blood pressure monitor. See our best blood pressure monitors round-up for more information.

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This Guy First Lost 100 Pounds in 11 Months. He Never Stepped Foot in a Gym.

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This Guy First Lost 100 Pounds in 11 Months. He Never Stepped Foot in a Gym.

Ray Bertka, 35, of Hartville, Ohio, knows what it means to put in the work. He’s a self-made success in business, along with his other big roles: being a husband and dad. Ray has led a busy life taking care of everyone but himself. So after years of neglect, Ray got the wake-up call of his life when he saw how much weight he put on. It also gave Ray the push he needed to find discipline in his diet and exercise habits. Once weighing over 300 pounds, Ray is now prepping for his first physique show. Here’s how he did it.

FOR MOST OF my life, I’ve been the big guy. But as an adult, my weight got really out of hand.

The weight gain started gradually in my mid-20s and early 30s. I founded an insurtech (insurance combined with technology) software company called Helixco. At 28, I started serving as both president and CEO. I was 240 pounds. As the business grew, my focus shifted almost entirely to work. Long hours, constant travel, entertaining, and a lot of time behind a desk became the norm. My health simply wasn’t a priority. Adding to my never-ending list of responsibilities was figuring out how to support my family while building the company from the ground up.

I didn’t realize my weight crept up when I ate whatever was available. I didn’t pay attention to how my physical activity was very inconsistent. I didn’t focus on managing my stress. I was miserable, even though I didn’t fully admit it at the time. And soon enough, it all caught up with me.

Courtesy of Ray Bertka

Ray with his family

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For two to three years I hovered around 285 pounds. During that period, I dealt with frequent panic attacks, anxiety, and heart palpitations. At the time, I was also dealing with major life changes. I had just lost my mother, and I had a newborn daughter. My emotions were all over the place. I was grieving, exhausted, but still trying to show up as a husband, a father, and a leader at work. I had really convinced myself I could handle it all.

Day-to-day activities became uncomfortable in ways I tried hard to normalize. Traveling was getting more difficult. Airplane seats felt tight and restrictive. My clothes stopped fitting. I was buying new clothes all the time and telling myself they had shrunk in the dryer. I wasn’t willing to admit that I was getting bigger.

It was hard being in denial. I saw the big guy staring back in the mirror. I heard the comments from friends or family. Still, somehow I kept telling myself it wasn’t that bad. Then came my New Year’s Day reality check.

I Couldn’t Believe the Number on the Scale

The real turning point came on New Year’s Eve 2023. We had friends and business partners over, which meant a full night of food, drinks, and staying up late. I woke up the next morning feeling awful: Hungover with a pounding headache. When I went into the bathroom, I impulsively stepped on the scale. I told myself I was maintaining my weight at around 285 to 290 pounds. For some reason those numbers felt acceptable to me. Except that’s not what I saw. The scale read 303 pounds.

I remember the moment. I looked down at the number, then up at myself in the mirror, then back down at the scale. I felt embarrassed and disappointed, and for the first time the thought hit me very clearly. I was slowly killing myself. That thought had never crossed my mind before, but it was loud and it was undeniable.

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person wearing a brown apron with a distillery logo
Courtesy of Ray Bertka

Photo of Ray Bertka before his weight loss transformation

I thought about my daughter, my wife, my business, and the people who depended on me. I asked myself how I was supposed to take care of them if I couldn’t take care of myself. It was the moment I knew something had to change.

I went downstairs and told my wife that I was ready to do something about my health and my weight. She has loved me at my worst and my heaviest. She never pressured me or judged me, She gave me the support I needed with seven simple words. “Okay, where do you want to start?” And that’s when things finally shifted.

I Focused on Macros, Not Portion Size

I wanted a plan sustainable to my lifestyle and one that would help me truly understand how my body responded to food.

Now I honestly didn’t know where to begin. As a registered and licensed dietitian, my wife recommended Whole30. Whole30 is a 30-day nutrition reset that focuses on eating real, whole foods while temporarily removing things like added sugar, alcohol, grains, dairy, and heavily processed foods.

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The goal wasn’t weight loss at first. It was about learning how food actually affects your body. That said, weight loss is a common side effect of Whole30 since you’re eating nutrient-dense meals. It’s genuinely hard to overeat when those meals are built around protein, vegetables, and other whole foods.

I learned about macros, or the three main macronutrients your body needs to function and perform. Protein supports muscle repair, recovery, and satiety. Carbohydrates are your body’s primary energy source and fuel both workouts and daily activity. Fats support hormones, brain function, and overall health. The understanding helped me to balance my meals better.

As I progressed with Whole30, my approach became much more macro-focused rather than portion size focused. Instead of thinking in terms of how big my plate was, I focused on making sure I was hitting my macros and spreading them out evenly throughout the day. I usually ate between 1,850 and 2,100 calories a day.

The results paid off. In 11 months, I lost 100 pounds—all without ever stepping foot in a gym! I maintained that weight loss for about six to seven months.

I Dealt With Another Health Challenge

Despite the weight loss, I continued to feel off. I still dealt with what I thought were anxiety and panic episodes, and continued to write them off as stress. So I went to get bloodwork done at my next doctor visit.

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I was diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune condition which affects the thyroid and blood sugar levels. My doctor walked me through my options, explaining that even though my thyroid antibodies were elevated, I didn’t necessarily need medication immediately. Instead, I could first try to improve my health through exercise, probiotics, and targeted vitamins and minerals. The diagnosis was a big motivator to start exercising.

I Eventually Forced Myself to Go Into a Gym

I started off simple. I focused on walking and being more active throughout the day. I also played a lot of golf and made a point to walk the course whenever I could. This gave me steady movement without it feeling like formal exercise.

Eventually, I forced myself to show up at the gym. I used a fitness app to structure my workouts and track my progress. I started with light cardio and basic weight training for four days a week. As I became more consistent, I applied progressive overload over time.

I wanted to go through a body recomposition and rebuild the muscle I likely lost during the 100-pound weight loss journey. Most importantly, I wanted to support my thyroid health and feel confident in my body. I wanted to look fit for my wife and set a strong example for my daughter. It felt like taking everything I had already accomplished and applying it to a new goal.

Staying motivated came down to the same principles that helped me lose the weight in the first place: consistency, structure, and tracking. I avoided obsessing over the mirror or the scale. Instead, I focused on getting regular blood tests where I could see in real time how my training, nutrition, supplements, and recovery were improving my health.

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To manage my Hashimoto’s, I made dietary tweaks. I started to follow a reverse diet—the process of slowly increasing calories over time after being in a deficit. The goal was to restore metabolism, improve hormone balance, and find true maintenance without rapid fat gain. For me, it allowed me to fuel workouts properly, support muscle growth, stabilize blood sugar, and align my nutrition with my new goals. Over time, my thyroid markers improved significantly. I was able to put my Hashimoto’s into a state of remission, and I gained better control over hypoglycemic episodes.

As a result of training consistently and applying a reverse diet, I lost another additional 21 pounds in roughly over about six months. As an added benefit, I saw improvements in my energy and performance.

How I Look Now

I went from 303 pounds to 181.8, which is a loss of 121.2 pounds. I feel fundamentally different.

a man posing in a living room environment wearing black boxer shorts
Courtesy of Ray Bertka

After photo of Ray Bertka

Physically, I’m stronger and have more energy than ever before. My body fat dropped and my Hashimoto’s went into a state of remission. It completely changed how my body functions day to day.

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Mentally, I’m stable and clear-headed. The anxiety and panic symptoms I once dealt with eased as my health improved. I no longer felt like my body was constantly in a stressed state. Overall, I felt more resilient and far more in control of my body than I ever was before.

I still eat very much in line with Whole30 principles. I prioritize whole foods and minimize processed ones. Though I still allow for flexibility. A typical meal now is built intentionally around protein, carbohydrates, and then fats. Breakfast might be egg whites with fruit and potatoes, or Greek yogurt with a banana and peanut butter. Lunch and dinner are usually lean protein like chicken, steak, or fish paired with a carb source such as rice, potatoes, and vegetables. I aim to spread my protein and carbs evenly across meals so my energy stays stable, and my recovery stays consistent.

I track everything with MyFitnessPal, and weigh my food so there’s no guesswork involved. I know how much my body needs, and that allows me to eat enough to perform and recover without feeling overly full or deprived. That structure has been key for sustainability and long term success.

My Next Challenge: Become the Best Version of Me

I’ve genuinely fallen in love with the gym and now I’m curious to see how far I can push myself to become the best version of me. I recently hired a trainer and physique coach, Calysta Fulcher, and I’m working with her to prepare for my first physique show.

My first physique show is planned for May 2026. I know I have a long way to go to get ready, but I’m excited for the challenge. Stepping on stage won’t be about perfection– it will be about showing how far I’ve come and seeing what’s possible.

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My Advice to Other Guys

Through my weight loss transformation, I learned that real change doesn’t come from extremes or quick fixes. It comes from consistency and patience. This was a journey with different phases, and each phase taught me something new. My needs at the beginning weren’t the same as what I needed later. Being willing to adapt was critical.

Most importantly, I learned that taking care of yourself isn’t selfish. It’s foundational. When my health improved, everything else improved too. My mental clarity, leadership, relationships, and ability to show up for the people who depend on me all got better once I fully committed to that process.

In the beginning, it may feel like nothing is happening, but those small, boring efforts compound in ways you can’t see yet. Patience is part of the work.

Expect uncomfortable moments. Cravings, low-energy days, plateaus, and dips in motivation are normal. They don’t mean you’re failing. Most of the time, they mean your body is adapting. Learning to stay the course during those phases is what separates short-term change from results that actually last.

Headshot of Lisa Mulcahy

Lisa is an internationally established health writer whose credits include Good Housekeeping, Prevention, Men’s Health, Oprah Daily, Woman’s Day, Elle, Cosmopolitan, Harper’s Bazaar, Esquire, Glamour, The Washington Post, WebMD, Medscape, The Los Angeles Times, Parade, Health, Self, Family Circle and Seventeen. She is the author of eight best-selling books, including The Essentials of Theater.

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Top Gym Stocks for 2026 and How to Invest | The Motley Fool

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Top Gym Stocks for 2026 and How to Invest | The Motley Fool

Staying healthy and looking good will never go out of style. Whether you’re trying to improve your cardiovascular health or want to get stronger, it pays to work out at home or hit the gym. While gym memberships and home exercise equipment cost money, you might be able to recoup that expense by investing in the most profitable gym stocks.

Best fitness stocks in 2026

Here are five of the best gym companies to watch this year: