Finance
Despite flak for doom-spending their money, Gen Z may be more prepared for retirement than baby boomers, research reveals | Fortune
Gen Z may be known for blowing money on the latest Taylor Swift concerts or luxury trips, but behind the youth’s passion for fancy expenditures is a responsible financial habit: investing for retirement.
In fact, the younger generation may be more prepared to retire than their older cohorts. Nearly half of Gen Z workers (aged 24-28) are projected to maintain their current standard of living in retirement, slightly ahead of the 40% projected for baby boomers (aged 61-65) approaching retirement, according to a new study from investment management firm Vanguard. Millennials were also slightly ahead of the older generation (aged 29-44), with 42% on track for retirement. Gen X fell slightly behind at 41% (aged 45-60).
Vanguard based its findings on data from the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances, using roughly 2,700 working U.S. households to estimate how each generation was on track for retirement and whether their retirement incomes would be enough to maintain their lifestyle without exceeding their spending needs.
The financial readiness of Gen Z could come as a shock to older generations who may believe they are “doom spending” or making discretionary purchases, rather than necessary ones they’ll need to reach adult milestones. While soaring inflation, high living costs and stagnant salaries are dragging baby boomers out of retirement, young savers may be taking those headwinds as a financial lesson.
Automatic payments and DC plans are helping Gen Z save
Part of the financial preparedness is due to expanded Defined Contribution (DC) plans offered by employers. For younger generations, the plans could make saving easier and more effective through features such as auto-enrollment, automatic escalation, and investing in target-date funds. In addition, a separate Vanguard study found that DC plan participation and eligibility rates are at all-time highs, which could help workers build financial security over time.
What’s more, the study pointed out that if all workers had access to a DC plan—such as 401(k) 403(b)s, about 6 in 10 Americans would be on track for retirement. More than 100 million Americans have access to these plans, holding more than $12 trillion in assets.
But access to retirement funds isn’t universal. A separate analysis found 42% [roughly 40 million] of workers do not have access to these plans, with access gaps concentrated in lower-wage and part-time jobs.
However, despite the younger cohort funneling money into their 401(k)s, the future of any further progress depends on their overall financial wellness. Even with their success in saving, many younger generations are grappling with debt repayments—from student loans, auto loans, and mounting credit card debt.
“Supporting overall financial wellness with effective planning tools is key to helping the next generation achieve lasting retirement security,” said Nicky Zhang, a Vanguard investment strategist and co-author of the research paper.
Baby boomers may hold most of the nation’s wealth but aren’t ready to fully retire
Though Gen Z may be facing debt-repayment struggles, baby boomers, even with holding over half of the nation’s wealth, are not ready to stop the 9-to-5 to retire comfortably. While the wealthiest 30% of boomers are generally on track, others may fall short.
For example, the median boomer is projected to need to replace about a third of their pre-retirement income through private and employer retirement savings, facing a shortfall of roughly $9,000 (or a quarter of their expenses).
To cope, boomers may need to consider options like tapping home equity, reducing spending, or working two additional years, the study found.
Finance
How AI is redefining finance leadership: ‘There has never been a more exciting time to be a CFO’ | Fortune
Good morning. This year has shown that AI isn’t just a buzzword anymore—it’s redefining finance.
In covering AI, I’ve spoken with CFOs across industries who are focused on value creation and developing real-world use cases for AI to reshape everything from forecasting and financial planning to strategic decision-making. As data moves faster than ever, finance leaders are asking a new question: not what AI could do, but how it can truly transform the enterprise. I’ve also talked with industry experts and researchers about topics ranging from the ROI of AI to “prompt-a-thons” and debates over whether AI will turn CFOs into chief capital officers.
Finance chiefs are signaling the next big evolution—2026 will be the year of enterprise-scale AI. Pilot programs and proofs of concept are giving way to avenues for full-scale deployment as CFOs expect AI to deliver measurable value: faster decisions, leaner operations, and predictive insights that can provide a competitive edge. However, that level of transformation comes with new demands—governance, data integrity, and human oversight matter more than ever.
I recently asked finance chiefs from leading companies how they expect AI to redefine what it means to lead in finance. For instance, Zane Rowe, CFO at Workday, told me: “There has never been a more exciting time to be a CFO with AI unlocking new opportunities for value creation through unprecedented data and insights. Most of the focus has been on experimentation and discovering the art of the possible, but this year, leaders will shift from ‘What can AI do?’ to ‘How do we build the foundation for scale?’ They will manage a more nuanced AI portfolio that balances launching pilots with rolling out proven solutions, and they will prioritize the unglamorous but critical work of data governance, process redesign, and maintenance of new technologies. Success in 2026 will be defined by how we mature our AI strategy to ensure it is both agile, durable, and enterprise-grade.”
Shifting from the perspective of a major tech company to a beauty and cosmetics leader, Mandy Fields, CFO at e.l.f. Beauty offered this prediction: “From where a CFO sits, AI simultaneously helps broaden our view to get a better macro picture and can help put a sharper focus on very specific points of interest. e.l.f. Beauty is growing globally, and AI has visibility across it all. Going into next year, we’ll continue to explore how we best leverage AI in finance to lean into its strengths. It’s a pretty similar approach to our high-performance teamwork culture in which we encourage the team to pursue and thrive in the areas where they have expertise, learn continuously and move at e.l.f. speed.”
You can read more insights from over a dozen CFOs on how AI will shape finance in 2026 in my complete article here.
This is the final CFO Daily of 2025. The next issue will land in your inbox on Jan. 5. Thank you for your readership—and wishing you a wonderful holiday season. See you in 2026!
Sheryl Estrada
sheryl.estrada@fortune.com
Leaderboard
Greg Giometti was appointed interim CFO of Alight, Inc. (NYSE: ALIT), a cloud-based human capital and technology-enabled services provider, effective Jan. 9, 2026. Giometti, Alight’s SVP, head of financial planning and analysis, will succeed Jeremy Heaton, who will depart Alight to pursue an opportunity outside of the benefits administration industry. Giometti joined Alight in 2020 and has held positions of increasing responsibility within the company’s finance organization.
Shelley Thunen, CFO of ophthalmic medical device company RxSight, Inc., is transitioning out of her role. She will remain with the company until the earlier of her successor’s appointment or Jan. 31, 2026, and will continue to support RxSight as a consultant following the transition.
Big Deal
Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan shared his outlook on the economy and AI for 2026, saying he expects continued strength ahead. During an interview with Bloomberg TV on Monday, Moynihan noted that BofA’s research team projects a strong U.S. economy next year—not only in absolute terms, with growth trending above 2%, but also relative to other major economies, many of which are expected to remain flat or decline. “That is because, frankly, the great American engine is driving,” he said. “Markets are valuing the future growth rate, and that’s why they’ve been very constructive this year.”
On AI, Moynihan said investment has accelerated throughout the year and will likely become an even bigger contributor in 2026 and beyond. He pointed to data center expansion as one key driver, along with increased corporate spending on AI—including Bank of America’s own investments. Spending on AI is higher than last year, he said, and while overall spending levels aren’t growing at a mid-single-digit rate, capital is clearly shifting toward AI.
Moynihan added that this trend supports the bank’s optimistic outlook for next year. “We think AI spending continues,” he said. There are benefits to the American taxpayer from tax rebates and lower taxes as the new tax bill takes effect, and the incentives for businesses are positive, he explained. Altogether, Moynihan said, those factors underpin BofA’s forecast for GDP growth rising from about 2% this year to roughly 2.4% in 2026—with AI playing an increasingly important, if still marginal, role in driving that strength.
Going deeper
In an episode of Fortune’s Leadership Next podcast, cohosts Diane Brady, executive editorial director, and Kristin Stoller, editorial director of Fortune Live Media, talk with Dani Richa. Richa is the chairman and group CEO of Impact BBDO International. The three discuss how the ad agency inspired the hit show Mad Men; how to use AI to bring out the best of you; and optimism in the rapidly developing EMEA region.
Overheard
“This year, we watched teams use AI to tackle work that had long felt out of reach. What struck me most was how different each story was. Different industries. Different constraints. Same ambition.”
—Sarah Friar, CFO at OpenAI, wrote in a LinkedIn post on Monday.
Finance
Edge AI Emerges as Critical Infrastructure for Real-Time Finance | PYMNTS.com
The financial sector’s honeymoon phase with centralized, cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) is meeting a hard reality: The speed of a fiber-optic cable isn’t always fast enough.
Finance
Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance
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Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger has tapped Del. Mark Sickles, D-Fairfax, to serve as her Secretary of Finance.
Sickles has been in the House of Delegates for 22 years and is the second-highest-ranking Democrat on the House Appropriations Committee.
“As the Vice Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, Delegate Sickles has years of experience working with both Democrats and Republicans to pass commonsense budgets that have offered tax relief for families and helped Virginia’s economy grow,” Spanberger said in a statement Tuesday.
Sickles has been a House budget negotiator since 2018.
“We need to make sure every tax dollar is employed to its greatest effect for hard-working Virginians to keep tuition low, to build more affordable housing, to ensure teachers are properly rewarded for their work, and to make quality healthcare available and affordable for everyone,” Sickles said in a statement. “The Finance Secretariat must be a team player in helping Virginia’s government to perform to its greatest potential.”
Sickles is the third member of the House that Spanberger has selected to serve in her administration. Del. Candi Mundon King, D-Prince William, was tapped to serve as the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Del. David Bulova, D-Fairfax, was named Secretary of Historic and Natural Resources.
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