Colorado
Has Colorado lost its shine when it comes to attracting residents from other states?
Colorado has long relied on people relocating to the state to fuel its economy, and while natives may complain about more crowded roads and the lack of housing, those transplants both fill and generate jobs, making them the state’s most important import.
Since the pandemic, there has been a sharp drop in people moving to Colorado from other states minus those leaving, known as net domestic migration, and a sharp rise in international migration, or people coming to Colorado from another country, according to numbers from the U.S. Census Bureau’s “vintage estimates,” which fill the gap between the big counts that happen every 10 years.
International flows, which rose rapidly during the Biden administration, are likely to fall fast under the second Trump administration, and the rate of natural increase, or births minus deaths, is expected to head lower in the years ahead before going negative around 2050. That leaves domestic migration as key to the state’s economic fortunes, but two Census counts conflict with each other on what is happening there.
Using the latest numbers from the U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS), StorageCafe, a storage facility search engine owned by Yardi Systems, reported that nearly 31,000 more people moved to Colorado than moved to other states in 2023, enough to rank eighth for domestic migration. Texas, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Arizona and Indiana were the states ahead of Colorado on that measure.
“Colorado is reclaiming its popularity after a three-year slump that led to negative migration in 2022. In 2023, state-to-state migration brought a net gain of 31,000 residents, signaling a return to pre-pandemic trends– though still slightly below peak years,” StorageCafe said in its report.
The analysis found that Colorado did especially well in its popularity contest with Texas, California, Florida and Arizona. And despite having higher home prices, it did well in drawing young workers, who employers will follow, bringing with them the additional jobs that draw additional people.
“Colorado remains one of the most expensive housing markets in the U.S., ranking sixth for highest home prices. Notably, it’s the only state among the top 10 for net migration where newcomers from the primary originating state end up paying more for housing than they did before,” said Bianca Barsan, a communications specialist with StorageCafe.
Colorado ranked sixth when it came to attracting Gen Z, or the age group now graduating college and entering the workforce, and fourth among millennials, who still dominate the ranks of those coming to the state as they did last decade. Surprisingly, Colorado even ranked eighth among the Silent Generation, those born before the end of World War II, although there were far fewer of them moving.
Media outlets and other groups covered the report as support that Colorado remains an attractive destination for those on the move, especially among young adults, and a population rebound is underway after a temporary slump seen during the pandemic.
But state demographer Kate Watkins sounds a note of caution, based on the most recent vintage estimates, which paint a less robust picture than the ACS.
“The ACS data are drawn from a survey of the population. Further, the ACS is generally not designed to produce count estimates, but instead to provide characteristics of populations,” Watkins said.
Put another way, the ACS can provide details on the age ranges of people relocating here, how educated they are, and whether they rented or bought a home after arriving. But when it comes to giving a headcount, it isn’t as precise as vintage estimates, which use other government sources like IRS, Medicare and Social Security records.
The latest vintage numbers, released in December and through July 1, put Colorado’s net domestic migration at 5,422 and international migration at 33,227. Using the 2023 count, domestic migration was 6,341 and international migration was 27,177.
Net domestic migration in Colorado has remained fairly flat this decade per vintage estimates, moving from a high of 7,365 in 2020 to a low of 5,422 in 2024. Domestic migration has become a smaller, not higher, share of overall migration, and is now making the smallest contribution to Colorado’s overall population growth since 2010, when people hunkered down because of the Great Recession, according to a report from the Common Sense Institute, a business-funded think tank.
Colorado ranked 17th last year for domestic migration using the vintage estimates, which shouldn’t be taken for granted given that nearly half of all states, led by California and New York, lost more residents to other states than they gained. Since April 1, 2020, Colorado has gained a net 31,172 people from other states per Census vintage estimates, below what it would attract during single years last decade. That softening is being driven by an increase in residents leaving the state.
“In line with the national trend, international migration fueled Colorado’s population growth in 2024. Colorado gained over 33,000 people this year through net international migration alone, accounting for more than half of its population growth,” Zoey Zhang, a research analyst with the Common Sense Institute, in her analysis of the 2024 Census numbers.
Colorado’s net international migration was at 240 in 2020, reflecting pandemic restrictions as well as stricter policies under the first Trump administration. Under the Biden administration, Colorado’s net international migration went from 3,911 in 2021, to 18,507 in 2022, 27,177 in 2023 and 33,227 in 2024, per the vintage estimates.
Those are likely undercounts given the challenges the Census Bureau faces in tracking what the Pew Research Center describes as “unauthorized” immigrants. That category is broader than “illegal” and includes people awaiting a decision on their asylum requests, those who have entered as “parolees” from countries like Ukraine, Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti and Venezuela, victims of human trafficking and those with temporary protected status.
The country had about 2 million more people than expected in 2023 and the majority are likely unauthorized immigrants, according to Pew.
International migration counts are expected to decrease sharply as Trump carries through on campaign promises to close the southern border, deport those in the country illegally and limit asylum applications, which people apprehended at the border frequently sought in recent years.
Legal immigration isn’t being curtailed yet, but some programs like the H-1B visa used to recruit tech and professional workers are coming under increased scrutiny. A decrease in legal immigration could pose problems for the state’s labor markets, said Richard Wobbekind, an associate dean and senior economist at the Leeds School of Business at the University of Colorado Boulder.
“The demographic changes of slower net domestic in-migration and baby boomer retirements will tighten the labor market. I am not sure where the labor supply offset will come from,” Wobbekind said in an email.
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Colorado
Colorado man sentenced to over 40 years in prison for murder of ex-girlfriend
A Boulder County man was sentenced to 48 years in prison for murdering his ex-girlfriend and dumping her body in 2024.
The Boulder County Sheriff’s Office said Christine Barron Olivas’s body was discovered in a remote area of unincorporated Boulder County on Sept. 14, 2024. She was last seen leaving the neighborhood with her boyfriend, Carlos Dosal, the week prior.
The coroner’s office determined the cause of her death was strangulation.
In Feb. 2026, Dosal pleaded guilty to second-degree murder as a crime of domestic violence in her death. On Saturday, the judge sentenced him to 48 years in the Colorado Department of Corrections.
Colorado
Saturday Night Showdown | Colorado Avalanche
Leading the Way
Nate the Great
MacKinnon is tied for fifth in the NHL in points (10), while ranking tied for seventh in goals (4) and tied for ninth in assists (6).
All Hail Cale
Cale Makar is tied for first in goals (4) among NHL defensemen,
Toewser Laser
Among NHL blueliners, Devon Toews is tied for third in points (7) while ranking tied for fifth in assists (5) and tied for sixth in goals (2).
Series History
The Avalanche and Wild have met in the playoffs on three previous occasions, all in the Round One, with Minnesota winning in 2003 and 2014 in seven games while Colorado was victorious in six contests in 2008.
Making Plays Against Minnesota
MacKinnon has posted 16 points (4g/12a) in nine playoff games against the Wild, in addition to 70 points (27g/43a) in 55 regular-season contests.
Makar has registered three points (2g/1a) in two playoff contests against Minnesota, along with 26 points (6g/20a) in 29 regular-season games.
Necas has recorded five points (1g/4a) in two playoff games against the Wild, in addition to nine points (5g/4a) in 15 regular-season games.
Scoring in the Twin Cities
Quinn Hughes is tied for the Wild lead in points (11) and assists (8) while ranking tied for second in goals (3).
Kaprizov is tied for first on the Wild in assists (8) and points (11) while ranking tied for second in goals (3).
Matt Boldy leads the Wild in goals (6) while ranking third in points (10) and tied for fourth in assists (4).
A Numbers Game
4.50
Colorado’s 4.50 goals per game on the road in the playoffs are tied for the most in the NHL.
39
MacKinnon’s 39 playoff goals since 2020-21 are the second most in the NHL.
2.17
The Avalanche’s 2.17 goals against per game in the playoffs are the second fewest in the NHL.
Quote That Left a Mark
“It should definitely get you up and excited. It’s gonna be a good test. [It’s a] great building and [it’s] against a desperate team. It’s gonna be great.”
— Gabriel Landeskog on playing in Minnesota
Colorado
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis signs state budget, with Medicaid taking brunt of cuts to close $1.5 billion gap
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis on Friday, May 8, signed into law a $46.8 billion state budget that cuts healthcare spending but preserves funding for K-12 education.
The budget applies to the 2026-27 fiscal year, which begins on July 1, and caps months of work by lawmakers, who wrestled with how to close a roughly $1.5 billion gap that ultimately forced reductions to Medicaid funding and other programs.
“This year was incredibly difficult and challenged each of us in a myriad of ways that put our values to the test,” said Rep. Emily Sirtota, a Denver Democrat and chair of the bipartisan Joint Budget Committee, which crafts the state’s spending plan before it is voted on by the full legislature. “It’s a zero-sum game. A dollar here means a dollar less over here.”
The state’s spending gap was the result of several factors.
The legislature is limited in how it can spend under the Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights, or TABOR, an amendment to the state constitution approved by voters in 1992 that limits government revenue growth to the rate of population growth plus inflation.
Lawmakers are also dealing with the consequences of increased spending on programs they created or expanded in recent years, some of which have seen their costs balloon beyond their original estimates. Costs for Medicaid services, in particular, have surged, driven by inflation, expanded benefits and greater demand for expensive, long-term care services due to Colorado’s aging population.
Medicaid cuts
Medicaid recently eclipsed K-12 education as the single-largest chunk of the state’s general fund and now accounts for roughly one-third of all spending from that fund.
Lawmakers, who are required by the state constitution to pass a deficit-free budget, said they had no choice but to cut Medicaid funding as a result.
That includes a 2% reduction to the state’s reimbursement rate for most Medicaid providers. The budget also institutes a $3,000 cap on adult dental benefits, limits billable hours for at-home caregivers of family members with severe disabilities to 56 hours per week and phases out, by Jan. 1, automatic enrollment for children with disabilities to receive 24/7 care as adults.
The budget also cuts benefits and places new limits on Cover All Coloradans, a program created by the legislature in 2022 that provides identical coverage as Medicaid to low-income immigrant children and pregnant women, regardless of their immigration status.
That includes an end to long-term care services for new enrollees, a $1,100 limit on dental benefits, and an annual enrollment cap of 25,000 for children 18 or younger. The cuts come as spending on the program has grown more than 600% beyond its original estimate, going from roughly $14.7 million to an estimated $104.5 million for the 2025-26 fiscal year.
While the budget still represents an overall increase in Medicaid spending compared to this year, funding is roughly half of what it would have been had lawmakers not made any changes to benefits and provider rates, which total about $270 million in savings for the state.
Healthcare leaders say the cuts will exacerbate an already challenging environment for providers, who are bracing for less federal support after Congress last year passed sweeping Medicaid cuts and declined to renew enhanced subsidies for the Affordable Care Act.
For rural hospitals in particular, Medicaid is one of their key funding drivers.
“While a 2% (Medicaid reimbursement rate cut) doesn’t sound like a whole lot, when we already have close to 50% of our rural hospitals statewide operating in the red and 70% with unsustainable margins, facing another 2% (cut) on top of that is just devastating,” said Michelle Mills, CEO for the Colorado Rural Health Center, which represents rural hospitals on the Western Slope and Eastern Plains.
If the state provides less reimbursement for Medicaid services, Mills said it will lead to fewer providers accepting Medicaid plans. That in turn will mean fewer care options for people, particularly in Colorado’s rural counties, where healthcare services are already more limited.
“I feel like all of the decisions and cuts that they’re making are hitting everyone,” she said.
Rep. Rick Taggart, a Grand Junction Republican and budget committee member, said cuts to healthcare led to “a lot of tears.”

“This was a tough budget, and nobody won in this budget, but we did what we had to do by way of the (state) constitution,” he said.
While Medicaid saw some of the biggest cuts, lawmakers also trimmed spending from a suite of other programs, including financial aid for adoptive parents and grants providing mental health support for law enforcement.
Preserving K-12 education
One of the brighter spots for Polis and lawmakers in the budget is K-12 education.
After years of chronically underfunding the state’s schools, lawmakers in 2024 rolled out a revamped funding formula and abolished what was known as the budget stabilization factor, a Great Recession-era mechanism that had allowed the state to skirt its constitutional funding obligation to schools for more than a decade.
The new funding formula went into effect this school year, and the state is set to continue delivering higher levels of K-12 funding in the 2026-27 fiscal year budget. The budget allocates roughly $10.19 billion in K-12 funding, an increase of roughly $194.8 million, though the specifics of that spending are still being worked out in a separate bill, the 2026 School Finance Act, which has yet to pass the legislature.
The finance act guides how state and local funds are allocated to Colorado’s 178 school districts on a per-pupil basis. As it stands now, the bill is on track to increase per-pupil funding by $440 per student for the 2026-27 fiscal year, for a total of $12,314 per student.
“We are not returning to the days of underfunding our schools and a budget stabilization factor,” Polis said.

Still, there are challenges on the horizon for some districts.
Combined with a proposed three-year averaging model for student counts instead of the current four-year averaging, recent dips in student enrollment across the state will weigh more heavily on how much funding is allocated to each district. The shift to three-year averaging advances the state’s plan to gradually phase in the new school finance formula by 2030-31.
With several districts seeing decreased year-over-year enrollment and rising operational expenses like healthcare, some Western Slope school districts are poised to see less funding compared to this year, while others are seeing their increases eaten up by inflation.
A note on wolves
The topic of Colorado’s spending on gray wolf reintroduction hasn’t gone away, and while Medicaid headlined much of the budget discussions, lawmakers also used the spending plan to send a message on the future of the wolf program.
While the budget allocates $2.1 from the general fund to Colorado Parks and Wildlife to spend on wolf reintroduction, it also contains a footnote from lawmakers asking the agency not to use the money to acquire new wolves.
Footnotes are not legally binding, but rather serve as a direction or guidance from lawmakers to agencies on how they want certain funds spent.
Under the footnote, the wildlife agency could still use gifts, grants, donations and non-license revenue from its wildlife cash fund to bring additional wolves to Colorado. Most of the agency’s wolf funding goes toward personnel, followed by operating costs, compensation for ranchers and conflict minimization programs and tools.
Education reporter Andrea Teres-Martinez and wildlife and environmental reporter Ali Longwell contributed to this story.
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