Montana
Statewide Black Bear Study Expands to Northwest Montana – Flathead Beacon
In 2011, bear biologists in Montana published the findings of a first-of-its-kind research project to estimate the state’s black bear population and determine the effects hunting was having on the species. The decade-long study by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) researchers Rick Mace and Tonya Chilton-Randandt began in 2001 with live captures and cutting-edge DNA-based sampling in the Swan Valley, but it eventually expanded to encompass 11 areas spanning 8,000 square miles across central and western Montana.
At the time, the project helped quell unrest over the state’s black bear management plan.
In the early 1990s, controversy over the recreational harvest of black bears by the public had peaked. Public harvest of grizzly bears in Montana had recently been halted by a federal court that determined the state of Montana did not have adequate data to indicate that the recreational harvest was not impacting grizzly populations, and public stakeholders argued the same was true for black bears. At the same time, the agency recognized that black bear harvest was (and is) an important part of the lives of many Montanans. As a result of this controversy, FWP initiated a public scoping and Environmental Impact Assessment process to update the black bear management program.
By extrapolating regional bear density data from nearly a dozen geographic zones across the state, the study arrived at a mean population estimate of 13,307 black bears and found that, on average, 1,030 black bears were harvested in Montana annually between 1987 and 2006. Nearly half of those bears (46%) were harvested in FWP’s Region 1 encompassing northwest Montana.
Introduced when Montana’s annual black bear harvest averaged fourth in the nation behind Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, the project produced some landmark findings and was cheered for its use of advanced technology.
“This project is an outstanding example of how technology and scientific rigor can be used to inform wildlife management and conservation programs, such that decisions regarding the conservation of wildlife are adequately informed and reliable,” Jim Williams, who at the time worked as FWP’s Region 1 wildlife program manager, wrote in the report’s executive summary, “Black Bear Harvest Research and Management in Montana.”
“The results of this project are already being applied to black bear management and conservation in Montana, and this report will help to form the basis of the black bear management program in Montana for years to come,” according to Williams.
But it was never meant to be the final word. In the 13 years since FWP published the report, and in the 23 years since the agency launched the project, scientific technology and methodology has evolved. With those new methods in mind, biologists have launched a new initiative to model an even more detailed population estimate of black bears in Montana, using harvest data, monitoring and genetic sampling to assess how bears are using the habitat, and whether their behaviors have changed as a result of hunting.
“As you might imagine, scientific methods have come a long way in 10 years, so we’re revisiting a familiar question using different methodologies,” Colby Anton, FWP’s black bear monitoring biologist, said Monday after the agency announced the second season of its black bear monitoring program. “Our overall objectives are to estimate the density and abundance of black bears at a statewide level, but also at a local level, in the individual bear management units. The impetus for this study is really to just better understand how harvest management and Montana’s harvest of black bears impacts black bear populations. It will ultimately help FWP gain an accurate and timely understanding of the black bear populations, accounting for regional differences, to better inform management decisions.”
The biggest difference setting this season’s field work apart from last year’s is its focus on northwest Montana’s Region 1 as opposed to the program’s inaugural season, which saw data collection and bear tracking primarily in Region 2, around the Blackfoot, Clearwater, Missoula, and Bitterroot valleys. Beginning next month, FWP staff will collect hair samples by setting up barbed-wire hair corrals west of Kalispell. In addition, about 20 bears will be captured and collared to collect the GPS data on in western and central Montana.
“We have 90 sites that we hope to establish this year, which are entirely centered in [Hunting District] 103,” Anton said, describing the study’s focus area as beginning near Ashley Lake and stretching west to the eastern edge of the Fisher River Valley and north to the district’s northern boundary.
The barbed-wire hair corral sites will be baited with a scent lure concocted out of fermented blood and fish guts, Anton said, and will see heightened use by black bears and grizzly bears alike. Hair corral sites will be surrounded by bright orange warning signs to prevent safety issues and all sites will be removed before the fall archery season begins. Trapping locations for GPS collaring will be marked by closure signs and members of the public are required to stay out of these areas due to increased safety risks.
“We’ll put up bright orange signs at the corrals that are posted with my name and contact information on them, and we do advise that members of the public not enter these,” Anton said, adding that researchers won’t place the lures until after spring black bear season is over.
The study will provide estimates on bear abundance and distribution and provide insights on how they use available habitats. Biologists will also better assess how hunter harvest and habitat quality and availability are impacting black bear populations. Managers will be able to make more informed season adjustments and recommendations based on monitoring results. The study will also provide insights on survival rates and causes of mortality.
While genetic sampling will occur in northwest Montana, GPS collaring efforts will be replicated not only in northwest Montana but several other areas around the state including the Ninemile Creek drainage and O’Brien Creek near Missoula; the Pioneer, Boulder and Gravely mountains in southwest Montana; the Little Belt Mountains and Rocky Mountain Front; and the Beartooth Front and Boulder River in south-central Montana.
Last season, biologists captured and collared 31 black bears in FWP Regions 1, 2, 3, and 4. Of those bears, 19 are still online, while others have died or shed their collars.
“This year, we hope to collar another 30 bears,” Anton said.
For more information on FWP’s bear research and for tips on bear safety, go to fwp.mt.gov/conservation/wildlife-management/bear.
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MISSOULA — Sam Forstag edged out Ryan Busse to secure the Democratic nomination in Montana’s 1st Congressional District.
Busse conceded the race to Forstag on Wednesday morning. Forstag had trailed behind Busse Tuesday evening, but he made up ground as the votes were counted into the early hours of Wednesday morning. The other two candidates in the race, Russl Cleveland and Matt Rains, are sitting at third and fourth, respectively.
Forstag leads in close race for Montana’s 1st Congressional District
Forstag spent eight years as a wildland firefighter, including four as a smokejumper, and he’s been vice president of the local National Federation of Federal Employees union. Last week, U.S. House of Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-New York, held a rally in Missoula to support Forstag’s campaign.
He told MTN on Tuesday that his campaign has been for the working class.
“We got a whole lot of people here that have been working their tail off to finally get some working-class representation in Washington,” Forstag noted. “So proud of everything we’ve done and so grateful.”
Forstag further noted he wants Montanans to be able to afford groceries, have universal free childcare and restore and expand Affordable Health Care Act subsidies.
“Hearing people’s stories and struggles and commonalities in the ways that we’re all fighting in the system that does not serve us so often, and the government serves corporations and the richest people in this country more than working people. It has been frustrating and saddening, but it has also inspired so much hope in me, like the fixes we can actually make,” he told MTN.
The 1st Congressional District covers much of western Montana, including Kalispell, Missoula, Butte and Bozeman. It is currently held by Rep. Ryan Zinke, R-Montana, who chose not to seek reelection.
By securing the nomination, Forstag is slated tol face off against Libertarian candidate Nick Sheedy and Republican candidate Aaron Flint in November.
Brian Miller won the Democratic primary Tuesday for the U.S. House seat in Montana’s eastern district.
The Associated Press called the race for Miller, an attorney in Helena, who fended off a challenge from state Sen. Jonathan Windy Boy, a longtime legislator from Box Elder, and Sam Lux, a farrier from Great Falls.
In the Republican and rural eastern district, any Democrat will be an underdog, and Miller will face off against incumbent Republican U.S. Rep. Troy Downing, who was unopposed Tuesday.
Libertarian Patrick McCracken is also running.
In the primary, Miller took 58% of the vote. Lux took 27% and Windy Boy took 16%, according to the Montana Secretary of State’s website.
In April, Windy Boy paused his campaign amid “serious sexual abuse” allegations raised by the Montana Democratic Party — but Windy Boy restarted his campaign and later called the allegations “political attacks.”
Miller is representing the victim of the alleged abuse and her mother, although he said he didn’t take on the role until after Windy Boy initially suspended his campaign.
The Western Montana Food and Farm Trail, a new agritourism initiative led by Farm Connect Montana, launches May 30, offering locals and visitors a new kind of food and farm adventure across Western Montana.
Running June 1 through October 31, the self-guided Trail spans more than 200 miles and features more than 100 farms, ranches, farmers markets, restaurants, breweries and food businesses across the Missoula, Bitterroot, Flathead and Mission Valleys. Along the way, participants are invited to meet growers and makers, taste what’s in season and experience the culture and care behind Western Montana’s local food community.
At the center of the experience is the passport-style Trail Field Guide, illustrated by Missoula-based artist Courtney Blazon. The guide features illustrated maps, curated itineraries, seasonal highlights and more than 100 local food destinations throughout the region. The guide also includes more than $130 in special offers from participating farms and businesses.
Participants can collect stamps at Trail stops along the way to qualify for prizes, giveaways, or simply as a way to document their journey. End-of-season prizes include raffles for three CSA memberships valued at over $600 each, as well as local food and farm gift certificates, product bundles and Courtney Blazon-designed market totes.
The Trail is a regional collaboration led by Farm Connect Montana in partnership with Land to Hand Montana, The O’Hara Commons and Sustainability Center and Abundant Montana, organizations working to strengthen local food systems across Western Montana. The project aims to support local farms and food businesses through expanded visibility and agritourism opportunities while reconnecting locals and visitors with the people, places and stories behind their food.
“In creating the Western Montana Food & Farm Trail, we hope to inspire both residents and travelers to discover the stories behind their food and connect with the people cultivating a more vibrant, resilient and locally rooted food community,” said Bonnie Buckingham, Executive Director of Farm Connect Montana. “Participation in the Trail is a win for everyone. It creates new opportunities for farms and local food businesses to reach wider audiences while encouraging participants to explore new places, support local producers and experience Western Montana in a more meaningful way.”
“Land to Hand is thrilled to partner with Farm Connect on the Food and Farm Trail to highlight the robust agricultural heritage of Western Montana,” said Gretchen Boyer, Executive Director of Land to Hand Montana. “This initiative is more than just a guide – it’s an invitation to celebrate and support the local farmers who nourish our communities every day. By connecting residents and visitors directly to the source, we’re strengthening our local food system and honoring the people and landscapes that sustain the Flathead Valley.”
To celebrate the launch, regional Trail launch parties will take place in Missoula, the Bitterroot Valley and the Flathead Valley throughout early June, featuring Field Guide distribution, local food vendors, giveaways and opportunities to learn more about the Trail.
Trail Field Guides ($10) will be available for purchase beginning May 30 both online and at participating businesses, farmers markets and community locations throughout the region. A full list of Field Guide purchase locations and details, as well as a digital map and Trail listings, special events and more information is available at farmconnectmontana.org/trail.
Funding for this project was made possible through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Marketing Service.
Regional launch events
• Missoula Launch Party — LaLonde Ranch, Sun., June 7, 1-4 p.m.
• Bitterroot Launch Party — O’Hara Commons Market, Wed., June 10, 4-6 p.m.
• Flathead Launch Party — Backslope Brewing, Tue., June 16, 4-7:30 p.m.
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