World
Photos: Senegal’s gold rush brings hope and despair
Mohamed Bayoh climbed into the deep, pitch-black gap, hoping to emerge with a nugget that may change his life.
The 26-year-old Guinean is one in every of hundreds of individuals from throughout West Africa who’ve arrived in distant jap Senegal looking for gold.
The frenzy for the valuable metallic has dramatically remodeled Bantakokouta, a city on the borders of Mali and Guinea.
20 years in the past, the locals numbered only a few dozen. Now, there are a number of thousand on the again of a floating inhabitants of dream seekers and threat takers with gold of their eyes.
Over time, their ant-like labour has left the panorama wanting like Swiss cheese.
So far as the attention can see, by way of the pervasive dusty mist, small huddled teams shielded from the solar by makeshift department shelters haul up spoil scratched from the bottom.
“Working right here is like taking part in the lottery – you’re by no means certain of successful,” sighed Bayoh, who stated was clear in his goal: To “discover numerous gold,” he stated.
“Not somewhat … so much. To start out one other life in Guinea.”
After six months’ gruelling work, he had earned sufficient to purchase two motorbikes.
One gramme (0.03 of an oz) of gold – roughly equal to 60 grains of rice – brings in 30,000 Central African francs (CFA francs), or about $48.
However the dangers dealing with miners are many, from landslides, cuts and deadly falls to the usage of medication to boring aches and pains, stated Diba Keita, head of a neighborhood vigilance committee.
The city itself bears the indicators of poverty and transience.
Its alleys are plagued by garbage, and goats and sheep roam untended. The overwhelming majority of the huts are rudimentary constructions, manufactured from bamboo and brushwood.
In his workshop, Souleymane Segda, a 20-year-old from Burkina Faso, put crushed items of promising-looking ore by way of a grinder.
The equipment takes up most of his room, which has no rest room and doubles as his bed room.
The younger man is roofed in dust as he sifts by way of the mud looking for flecks of gold.
The flakes are recovered after washing the mud with mercury – a apply that’s banned due to its well being and environmental dangers, however which stays widespread.
“I can earn as much as 50,000 CFA francs ($82) a day. I’m going again dwelling as a lot as I can and once I’ll have earned sufficient, I’ll depart for good,” he stated.
Bantakokouta has skilled a surge of actions typical of gold rushes all over the world – an inflow of shops promoting instruments and digital items, locations of worship, a medical publish, nightclubs and video gaming rooms, in addition to crime and vice.
“The gold has introduced wealth. Up to now, we used to go to Mako,” stated Waly Keita, 63, referring to a city 20km (12 miles) away.
He recalled with nostalgia the time when “our mums” used to dig within the river mattress, looking for nuggets, whereas the lads went into the bush to hunt and acquire honey.
However the gold rush has additionally introduced issues, together with “banditry” and “battle”, he stated.
The Senegalese and foreigners typically hit it off in Bantakokouta, though flare-ups do happen.
In 2020, clashes between safety forces and Guinean miners resulted within the demise of two younger males.
“Prostitution has grow to be a serious downside,” stated Aliou Bakhoum, head of an NGO referred to as La Lumiere (The Gentle) within the regional capital, Kedougou.
“Younger girls, primarily from Nigeria and sometimes underage, fall sufferer to extremely organised trafficking.”
He stated his affiliation had taken in about 40 ladies, some as younger as 15, and was serving to them to return dwelling.
The trafficking has prompted the state to beef up vigilance and make investments closely in safety and intelligence, a senior administrative official who wished to stay nameless stated.
The authorities have additionally intensified operations to safe the border with Mali, fearing a violence spillover from its deeply troubled neighbour.
The Kedougou area of southeastern Senegal suffers from greater than 25 p.c unemployment, a poverty fee of greater than 70 p.c and a worrying faculty drop-out fee.
As dwelling circumstances fall, many younger persons are tempted to strive their luck within the mines.
However many emerge disenchanted, and keen to resort to absolutely anything.
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World
Israel keeping its ‘eyes open’ for Iranian attacks during Trump transition period, ambassador says
Israel’s U.N. Ambassador Danny Danon tells Fox News Digital that his country is keeping its “eyes open” for any potential aggression from Iran during the Trump transition period, adding it would be a “mistake” for the Islamic Republic to carry out an attack.
The comments come after Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi vowed earlier this week that Iran would retaliate against Israel for the strategic airstrikes it carried out against Tehran on Oct. 26. Araghchi was quoted in Iranian media saying “we have not given up our right to react, and we will react in our time and in the way we see fit.”
“I would advise him not to challenge us. We have already shown our capabilities. We have proved that they are vulnerable. We can actually target any location in Iran. They know that,” Danon told Fox News Digital.
“So I would advise them not to make that mistake. If they think that now, because of the transition period, they can take advantage of it, they are wrong,” he added. “We are keeping our eyes open and we are ready for all scenarios.”
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Danon says he believes one of the most important challenges for the incoming Trump administration will be the way the U.S. deals with Iran.
“Regarding the new administration, I think the most important challenge will be the way you challenge Iran, the aggression, the threat of the Iranian regime. I believe that the U.S. will have to go back to a leading position on this issue,” he told Fox News Digital.
“We are fighting the same enemies, the enemies of the United States of America. When you look at the Iranians, the Houthis, Hezbollah, Hamas, all those bad actors that are coming against Israel… that is the enemy of the United States. So I think every American should support us and understand what we are doing now,” Danon also said.
IRAN HIDING MISSILE, DRONE PROGRAMS UNDER GUISE OF COMMERCIAL FRONT TO EVADE SANCTIONS
Danon spoke as the U.S. vetoed a draft resolution against Israel at the U.N. Security Council on Wednesday.
The resolution, which was overseen by Algeria, sought an “immediate, unconditional and permanent cease-fire” to be imposed on Israel. The resolution did not guarantee the release of the hostages still being held by Hamas within Gaza.
“It was a shameful resolution because… it didn’t have the linkage between the cease-fire and the call [for] the release of the hostages. And I want to thank the United States for taking a strong position and vetoing this resolution,” Danon said. “I think it sent a very clear message that the U.S. stands with its strongest ally with Israel. And, you know, it was shameful, too, to hear the voices of so many ambassadors speaking about a cease-fire but abandoning the 101 hostages. We will not forget them. We will never abandon them. We will continue to fight until we bring all of them back home.”
Fox News’ Benjamin Weinthal contributed to this report.
World
Fact-check: What do we know about Russia’s nuclear arsenal?
Moscow has lowered the bar for using nuclear weapons and fired a missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead into Ukraine, heightening tensions with the West.
Russia’s nuclear arsenal is under fresh scrutiny after an intermediate-range ballistic missile capable of carrying an atomic warhead was fired into Ukrainian territory.
President Vladimir Putin says the unprecedented attack using the so-called “Oreshnik” missile is a direct response to Ukraine’s use of US and UK-made missiles to strike targets deep in Russian territory.
He has also warned that the military facilities of Western countries allowing Ukraine to use their weapons to strike Russia could become targets.
The escalation comes days after the Russian President approved small but significant changes to his country’s nuclear doctrine, which would allow a nuclear response to a conventional, non-nuclear attack on Russian territory.
While Western officials, including US defence secretary Lloyd Austin, have dismissed the notion that Moscow’s use of nuclear weapons is imminent, experts warn that recent developments could increase the possibility of nuclear weapons use.
Here’s what we know about Russia’s inventory of atomic weapons.
How big is Russia’s nuclear arsenal?
Russia holds more nuclear warheads than any other nation at an estimated 5,580, which amounts to 47% of global stockpiles, according to data from the Federation of American Scientists (FAS).
But only an estimated 1,710 of those weapons are deployed, a fraction more than the 1,670 deployed by the US.
Both nations have the necessary nuclear might to destroy each other several times over, and considerably more atomic warheads than the world’s seven other nuclear nations: China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan and the United Kingdom.
Of Moscow’s deployed weapons, an estimated 870 are on land-based ballistic missiles, 640 on submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and potentially 200 at heavy bomber bases.
According to FAS, there are no signs Russia is significantly scaling up its nuclear arsenal, but the federation does warn of a potential surge in the future as the country replaces single-warhead missiles with those capable of carrying multiple warheads.
Russia is also steadily modernising its nuclear arsenal.
What could trigger a Russian nuclear response?
Moscow’s previous 2020 doctrine stated that its nuclear weapons could be used in response to an attack using nuclear or other weapons of mass destruction “when the very existence of the state is put under threat.”
Now, the conditions under which a nuclear response could be launched have changed in three crucial ways:
- Russia will consider using nuclear weapons in the case of a strike on its territory using conventional weapons, such as cruise missiles, drones and tactical aircraft.
- It could launch a nuclear attack in response to an aggression by a non-nuclear state acting “with the participation or support of a nuclear state”, as is the case for Ukraine.
- Moscow will also apply the same conditions to an attack on Belarus’ territory, in agreement with President Lukashenko.
Is there a rising nuclear threat?
The size of the world’s nuclear stockpiles has rapidly decreased amid the post-Cold War détente. The Soviet Union had some 40,000 warheads, and the US around 30,000, when stockpiles peaked during the 1960s and 70s.
But FAS warns that while the overall number is still in decline, operational warheads are on the rise once again. More countries are also upgrading their missiles to deploy multiple warheads.
“In nearly all of the nuclear-armed states there are either plans or a significant push to increase nuclear forces,” Hans M. Kristensen, Director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), said in June this year.
Is the West reacting?
When Putin approved the updated nuclear protocol last week, many Western leaders dismissed it as sabre rattling.
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said Germany and its partners would “not be intimidated” and accused Putin of “playing with our fear.”
But since Russia used a hypersonic ballistic missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead in an attack on Dnipro, European leaders have raised the alarm.
“The last few dozen hours have shown that the threat is serious and real when it comes to global conflict,” Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said on Friday.
According to Dutch media reports, NATO’s secretary-general Mark Rutte is in Florida to urgently meet President-elect Donald Trump, potentially to discuss the recent escalation.
NATO and Ukraine will hold an extraordinary meeting in Brussels next Tuesday to discuss the situation and the possible allied reaction, according to Euronews sources.
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