Wyoming
Rumbling Alaska Volcano On Watch For Eruption That Could Impact Wyoming
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is closely monitoring the activity being spurred by volcanic processes underneath Mount Spurr, an active stratovolcano only 78 miles away from Anchorage.
A flurry of ongoing earthquakes has kept the volcano’s Current Volcano Alert Level at Yellow, the “Advisory” level, since October 2024.
“Unrest continues at Mount Spurr, with ongoing earthquake activity,” reads a Friday update posted by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. “Seismicity remains elevated with frequent small volcanic earthquakes detected beneath the volcano over the past day.”
Eruptions of similar volcanoes have caused international chaos, which is why scientists are keeping close tabs on Mount Spurr’s activity. Nothing can prevent its eruption, but there should be enough warning to proactively plan for what’s to come.
“Last week, based on a decline in seismicity and deformation, we said that the likelihood of an eruption in the coming weeks to months had declined since mid-March,” said Matthew Haney, scientist-in-charge of the Alaska Volcano Observatory. “Our mid-March assessment was that an eruption scenario of size similar to the last eruption in 1992 was more likely than a non-eruption in the coming weeks to months.”
From Wyoming With Love
Mount Spurr last erupted in 1992 and sent its ash thousands of miles, including in the upper atmosphere over Wyoming, although it didn’t result in ashfall. Another eruption could do the same, which could impact air travel.
Yellowstone is the only active volcano in Wyoming, and its last major eruption occurred over 600,000 years ago. While that eruption was probably among the most cataclysmic events of the last million years, several studies have affirmed that its current and future threat is minimal.
“A volcanic eruption of Yellowstone doesn’t appear to be something that’s going to happen anytime soon,” said Mike Poland, scientist-in-charge of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. “There’s not a lot of molten magma in a liquid form that’s eruptible, and there are no eruptive vents in the part of the volcanic system where it’s located.”
Hydrothermal explosions, like the one observed at Black Diamond Pool in Biscuit Basin last year, are the real dangers lurking underground in Yellowstone. Several other explosions have been documented since the placid pool blew itself up on July 23, which means the thermal basin will probably remain closed for the 2025 summer season.
The explosion was caused by the incredible energy created by the rapid transition of water to steam, within 100 feet of the surface. It was utterly detached from any of the volcanic activity located miles below.
Poland and other scientists at the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory are trying to determine if it’s possible to detect hydrothermal explosions before they happen. They have installed new equipment at Biscuit Basin to see what they can learn in the aftermath of the explosions at Black Diamond Pool.
There’s a lot to learn from the ongoing activity under Yellowstone. Its volcanic innards are still somewhat active, but it won’t be blowing its top — or doing much of anything — anytime soon.
Mount Spurr is over 2,000 miles from Yellowstone, yet it poses a bigger threat to Wyomingites than Yellowstone.
“Ash from the 1992 Spurr eruption went over the Lower 48 as an ash cloud in the upper atmosphere, but it did not result in ashfall in the Lower 48,” Haney said. “If a similar eruption occurred as a result of the current unrest, such an ash cloud could go over the lower 48 and affect air travel if the winds were directed toward the Lower 48.”
Even if Mount Spurr explosively erupted tomorrow, it’d be over and done long before it could severely impact the Cowboy State, which says a lot about the current threat posed by the supervolcano in our neighborhood.
“The more we understand Yellowstone, the more we can understand similar systems, and vice versa,” Poland said. “Yellowstone remains a wonderful example of similar volcanic systems around the world. When we understand more about Yellowstone through studies like this, we can apply that to other volcanoes worldwide.”
Studying Shallowness
Mount Spurr is the highest peak at the eastern edge of the Aleutian Arc, the string of volcanic islands that stretches into the Pacific Ocean from the southwest corner of Alaska. The entire expanse is an actively volcanic region with frequent earthquakes and eruptions.
Poland hesitated to say that an eruption of Mount Spurr was “imminent.” While the ongoing activity needs to be monitored, it doesn’t suggest any immediate threat.
“Saying ‘imminent’ might imply that it’s about to erupt at any moment,” he said. “Spurr is definitely showing signs of increased activity, but the assessment of the Alaska Volcano Observatory is that there’s a roughly equal likelihood of it erupting or going back to sleep. That’s the challenge with these sorts of volcanoes.”
Much of what’s being observed at Mount Spurr is shallow magmatic activity, meaning it’s subterranean but near the surface. Magma has yet to breach the surface (when it becomes lava), but an increasing amount of it is gathering within a mile of the surface under the volcano.
For comparison, even if the bulk of Yellowstone’s magma chamber is solid, there is some fluid magma churning in its depths. However, it’s over three miles deep – too far from the surface, but an encouraging sign for anyone in fear of a supervolcanic eruption in northwest Wyoming.
Magma within a mile of breaching Mount Spurr has spurred some concern, but the verdict’s still out on what it’ll do from there. According to Poland, a lot can happen in the mile between the magma and the mountain.
“Magma can get quite close to the surface and stall,” he said. “The chances of an eruption are much higher now than they were a few years ago, when there wasn’t any magmatic activity at shallow levels. But we don’t know if the growing amount of shallow magma will have the oomph it needs to get to the surface and erupt.”
Skyfall
If Mount Spurr erupts, its magma wouldn’t be of much concern. The primary threat presented by Mount Spurr would come from volcanic ash.
“The last eruption was in 1992,” said Haney. “There were three explosions on June 27, Aug. 18, and Sept. 16-17. The Aug. 18 explosion occurred when winds were directed toward Anchorage and resulted in an eighth of an inch of ashfall in Anchorage, which closed the Anchorage International Airport for 20 hours.”
A column of ash from Mount Spurr rose over 65,000 feet into the atmosphere. It reached the Beaufort Sea on Alaska’s northern coast over 625 miles away, before being blown south and dissipating over Canada.
Volcanic ash can be hazardous to human health, but it’s particularly lethal to anyone flying on an airplane with a jet engine. The heat and power of a jet engine are high enough to melt the ash into volcanic glass, then solidify it on its turbines as it’s blown out.
That can and has caused planes to crash, which is why Mount Spurr is being monitored so closely.
“Anchorage is a good-sized city, and the airport is a large hub for cargo and passengers,” Poland said. “If there is an explosive eruption that puts ash into the atmosphere, warnings would need to be put out immediately to make sure airplanes can avoid the area.”
In 2010, a stratovolcano on the southern coast of Iceland, Eyjafjallajökull, erupted. It disrupted international travel across the Atlantic Ocean for six days, the highest disruption of air travel since World War II.
The impact of Eyjafjallajökull’s eruption was exacerbated by several factors, including its position under the jet stream, the power of the eruption, and the massive ice sheet it erupted through, which increased its strength. That’s why its brief eruption became a massive trans-Atlantic incident.
Mount Spurr isn’t as much of an international threat as Eyjafjallajökull, but an explosive eruption would still cause some international and economic disturbances. That’s why it’s crucial to get as much advance warning as possible.
“The main risks of a Mount Spurr eruption are ashfall and its effect on aviation operations in and out of the international airport and other regional airports,” Haney said.

Plenty Of Time (If Needed)
The latest prognosis from the Alaska Volcano Observatory is that Mount Spurr is quieting down a bit. The amount of ground deformation, caused by shallow magmatic activity, has decreased over the last three weeks, and no sulfur dioxide, the most common gas released during volcanic eruptions, has been detected in the vicinity.
Nevertheless, nobody’s letting their guard down. Poland said lessons from the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull and previous incidents, like the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, have been well-learned.
“When Eja erupted, the global volcanology community had a zero-tolerance policy,” Poland said. “We didn’t know what concentration of ash in the atmosphere was accepted for air travel, and we didn’t have good models of how the ash was circulating in the atmosphere. Since then, we’ve put a lot of effort into understanding those things.”
New technologies and improved methodologies have given scientists more information, which will increase their confidence once they advise the world about what must be done to avoid the worst of a volcanic eruption.
Haney and Poland said the odds of a disruption as significant as the one caused by Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 are “very, very low.” Additionally, Mount Spurr isn’t large or well-positioned enough to cause a disturbance on that scale.
Nevertheless, Anchorage will remain uneasy until Mount Spurr settles down. The capital of Alaska has the most at stake if the volcano across the bay blows its top.
“It’s definitely a concern in the Anchorage area,” Poland said, “but if there is a big ash plume in the atmosphere, all our models and measurements will be put into play to understand where it’s going and the impact it might have. Unless it’s a huge eruption, which isn’t how Mount Spurr typically behaves, the impact in the Anchorage area could be significant, but quite light everywhere else.”
Andrew Rossi can be reached at arossi@cowboystatedaily.com.
Wyoming
Dan Speas Fish Hatchery temporarily closed to visitors as construction begins on new cool-/warm-water expansion
CASPER, Wyo. — On Thursday, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department announced that the Dan Speas Fish Hatchery will be temporarily closed, beginning June 25, due to the construction of a brand-new, state-of-the-art cool-/warm-water fish production facility.
A release from Game and Fish says that the brief pause in public access is a necessary step to ensure the safety of visitors and staff during the heavy-lifting phases of the project.
“We had hoped to keep access open to the hatchery, but we have discovered there will be too many safety hazards during the demolition phase of construction,” said Lars Alsager, Game and Fish superintendent of Dan Speas. “The Department will reassess the closure in the fall of 2026, once initial demolition and foundational work are safely wrapped up.”
As Wyoming’s largest producer of fish for stocking, the Dan Speas Fish Hatchery — along with the state’s nine other fish hatcheries — will continue its normal cold-water fish production uninterrupted throughout the entire construction process.
Once the expansion is complete, the new facility will dramatically boost Game and Fish’s ability to manage diverse recreational fishing opportunities across Wyoming by raising sport fish locally, rather than importing them from other states.
Anglers can look forward to high-quality, in-state production of walleye, sauger, crappie, bluegill, largemouth bass and channel catfish.
“This project marks a thrilling milestone for Wyoming’s outdoor community, ensuring a robust, self-sustaining future for cold, cool and warm-water sport fishing right here at home,” adds Alan Osterland, chief of fisheries.
The release notes that the Wyoming Game and Fish Department is committed to keeping the community in the loop every step of the way. They included a brief snapshot of what to expect throughout the project:
- Fall 2026: Demolition and foundation work conclude, and the department reassesses public access to the facility.
- Fall 2027: Construction of the new cool-/warm-water fish production facility officially ends.
- Spring 2028: The first batch of cool- and warm-water fish will be produced and prepared to stock Wyoming waters.
“The Wyoming Game and Fish Department extends its sincere thanks to the public for their understanding and cooperation as we build a premier fishery asset for generations of anglers to come,” the release states.
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Wyoming
Colorado And Oregon Lift Fishing Restrictions, Drought Will Kill Fish Anyway
Facing extreme drought in the wake of an exceptionally mild winter, officials in Colorado and Oregon have thrown up their hands and told anglers at some reservoirs: Catch all the fish you want, because they’re going to die anyway.
Conditions aren’t nearly so dire at two of Wyoming’s premier fishing reservoirs, Flaming Gorge in Sweetwater County and Boysen in Fremont County, where limits remain in place and the angling should remain good this summer, a state park manager and marina owner told Cowboy State Daily.
In northeastern Oregon, fishing limits were lifted on three reservoirs on the Powder River, a tributary of the Snake River, which originates in Wyoming.
Colorado is allowing unlimited angling on Antero Reservoir on the South Platte River in the central part of the state, and the Nee Noshe Reservoir to the southeast.
Utah has loosened catch limits on Crouse Reservoir, east of Salt Lake City, and Nine Mile Reservoir, south of the city.
In each instance, state agencies surmised reservoirs are getting so low and stagnant the fish are doomed regardless, according to numerous media reports.
No Emergency, Yet
Despite drought conditions across the state, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department doesn’t have “immediate plans to enact emergency regulations to liberalize creel limits,” according to fisheries management coordinator Mark Smith.
“However, conditions could change rapidly. If an emergency change to creel limits were to occur that information would be disseminated widely to the public and posted at the water for anglers to find,” Smith said in an email to Cowboy State Daily.
Some of Wyoming’s larger reservoirs have conservation pools, or “dead pools,” to act as buffers for fisheries when water is running low, Smith said.
Even so, “all stored water has limitations,” he added. The water at Flaming Gorge and Boysen is expected to drop enough to render some boat ramps useless.
So, Game and Fish is watching closely for a “tipping point” that might warrant a change in fishing regulations, Smith said.
Bad New For Small Waters
For smaller fisheries, the news isn’t quite so good.
“Ultimately, our goal is to protect all of our fisheries, but we recognize that some of our small waters have already been lost, or will be lost, to drying,” Smith said.
Sometimes that happens so fast there isn’t time to react, he said.
“For example, when we were finally able to access roads and assess small ponds in the 33 Mile country north of Casper this May, most of those fisheries had already succumbed to low water elevations and poor water-quality conditions,” Smith said.
“Other sagebrush stock-water reservoirs could face a similar fate,” he added.
Emergency regulations require the governor’s signature.
“Emergency regulations take effect immediately upon the Governor’s approval and would be lifted if conditions improved and fish were likely to survive,” Smith said.
Boysen Could Lose Boat Ramps
Boysen Reservoir has been roughly 70% full during June, Boysen State Park superintendent John Bass said.
Boysen is one of Wyoming’s top destinations for walleye, and also boasts good trout fishing.
Bass said he doesn’t anticipate the reservoir dropping to the point of mass fish die-offs or calls to lift all fishing limits.
According to Bureau of Reclamation estimates, Boysen will slowly fall, but remain above 50% capacity.
All four Boysen boat ramps are usable, he said. They are Bannon, Tough Creek, Fremont Bay and Cottonwood Bay.
“Although, as the lake starts falling, the Fremont and Cottonwood Ramps will be too shallow to use. But that’s a fairly common occurrence in my 10 years here,” Bass said. “The Brannon and Tough Creek boat ramps will be usable for the remainder of the year, until ice-up.”
‘The Marina Could Be Gone’
Likewise, there’s no reason to think officials will call for a free-for-all at Flaming Gorge, which straddles the Wyoming-Utah state line, Buckboard Marina owner Tony Valdez said.
“I don’t think we’ll be at the stagnant water level, where we could lose all of the fish,” he said.
Flaming Gorge draws anglers from all over the region for its prized kokanee salmon. It’s also known for lake trout and other species.
The Bureau of Reclamation this spring announced that Flaming Gorge is set for a million-acre-foot drawdown to make up for severe shortages downstream at Lake Powell, on the Utah-Arizona state line.
An acre foot is the amount of water that would flood an acre of land to the depth of one foot.
Valdez has previously expressed concerns the drawdown could ruin kokanee spawning areas. Kokanee are already under pressure because of competition with lake trout and burbot.
Wyoming Game and Fish and the Utah Division of Wildlife already lifted catch limits on smaller lake trout (under 28 inches) and burbot, in hopes of helping the kokanee.
Valdez said he doesn’t expect fishing limits to be suspended on any other species.
However, boat ramps could be rendered useless as the reservoir drops for the drawdown, he added.
Valdez said his marina could also tank this summer.
“This year, the marina could be gone. In fact, I’ve got to go deal with that right now, and move some stuff around (because of dropping water levels),” he said during a telephone interview with Cowboy State Daily.
Catfish Getting Scarce
Valdez said if there’s any danger of water dropping to fish-killing levels it would hit first upstream, at Fontenelle Reservoir.
“If it did get that low, the first one to go would be Fontenelle, then the Green (River) and then Flaming Gorge. But I don’t see it dropping that low,” he said.
Drought has ruined some of the fishing on the Blacks River, which feeds Flaming Gorge on the west side, Valdez said.
That river once was a hot spot for catfish, he noted.
“People still catch catfish near the confluence, more so in the lake than on the river. The river gets stagnant,” he said.
While Flaming Gorge is holding its own for now, the long-term picture could be stark.
During a Tuesday meeting in Denver, members of the Upper Colorado River Commission said conditions along the river system – which includes the Green River – are dire.
Wyoming state engineer Brandon Gebhart said it could be the worst year on record for the Colorado River basin.
Mark Heinz can be reached at mark@cowboystatedaily.com.
Wyoming
Politics in the Park: GOP gubernatorial candidates share visions for Wyoming governor
This news report mentions suicide. If you or someone you know is in immediate danger of harming themselves, please call 911. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, call the U.S. National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988 or text “WYO” to 741-741 for the Crisis Text Line.
CASPER, Wyo. — Three Republican gubernatorial candidates shared their views on a myriad of topics spanning taxation, energy production, resource rights and more Wednesday at the third Politics in the Park forum.
The event at Casper’s Washington Park featured state Sen. Eric Barlow, retired Marine Corps Col. Brent Bien and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Megan Degenfelder. The candidates seek to replace Gov. Mark Gordon, who cannot run again due to term limits.
Fellow Republican candidate Curt Blake did not attend the forum, which was hosted by the Natrona County Republican Party and the Natrona County Republican Women. Other candidates in the race include Democrat Kenneth Castner and Constitution Party nominee Rebecca Bextel.
Taxes, budget and education
When asked about economic growth and budget strategies, the candidates offered different plans. Bien called for deep tax cuts and deregulation. He expressed support for a November ballot initiative that would exempt 50% of a primary residence’s assessed value from property taxes.
Barlow warned that broad tax cuts could hurt local public services.
“All your property taxes support local governments, your schools, your cities, towns, and counties and your special districts,” he said.
Degenfelder said the key to low taxes and maintaining services is increasing state energy production. She said the state must deliver public services efficiently without overspending, adding that the private sector is solely responsible for creating jobs and economic growth.
Elaborating on job creation and how to stimulate the economy, all three pointed to the state’s public education system as a primary workforce development driver. They stressed a need to shift focus toward trade schools and career-based learning to prepare students for current opportunities.
“We skipped an entire generation of teaching these kids [trades] when they were in school,” Bien said, emphasizing that electricians and welders can currently name their price.
Degenfelder said pushing too many students toward college caused a workforce disconnect and led young people to leave the state. She said Wyoming must prepare students for local job openings to keep them from moving away.
Barlow said educational institutions must partner directly with local industries to align training and secure the economy.
Energy and climate
Questions about uranium mining, rare earth minerals and oil and gas leasing on state lands drew unified support for ramping up extraction and streamlining the permitting process while avoiding federal overreach. Degenfelder spoke about the national security implications of domestic rare earth processing.
“Do you know who processes 90% of rare earths? It’s not another state. It’s China,” Degenfelder said. “I spent time in China. Trust me, we do not want China to be in control of who’s processing rare earth minerals.”
Bien urged the state to speed up leases and permits to generate employment. Barlow supported subsidizing and promoting rare earth processing.
Regarding climate change, Bien rejected the narrative of man-made climate shifts and favored legacy industries.
“I do believe that God controls the climate,” Bien said.

Degenfelder said climate policies have been weaponized against Wyoming’s legacy energy industries, and argued that Wyoming’s cleaner-burning coal should be used globally. Barlow advocated for an all-of-the-above approach where all energy sources compete without subsidies.
When asked about specific infrastructure projects, including an influx of data centers and a proposed pumped hydroelectric project at Seminoe Reservoir, the candidates saw things differently. Bien firmly opposed both. He said a 2010 state law unfairly granted tax waivers to multibillion-dollar corporations, creating a system of corporate favoritism that leaves local ranchers and small business owners empty-handed.
Degenfelder said she supports data centers only if they don’t deplete water resources or raise utility rates for residents. Barlow countered the negative premise of the question entirely, saying the state already has over two dozen data centers without widespread neighbor complaints or resource abuse.
All three candidates agreed the State Board of Land Commissioners has a fiduciary duty to balance energy development with long-term benefits for schools and communities, and that the state must push back against federal regulations that threaten Wyoming’s core industries.
Infrastructure, water and land access
The candidates answered questions about infrastructure, water rights and corner crossing. Degenfelder said keeping water is vital to Wyoming’s survival and pledged to work with the federal government to stop what she considered downstream theft.
“Without water, we don’t have life. Nothing else matters,” Degenfelder said. “And right now, for many, many years, we’ve allowed these downstream states to steal Wyoming’s water and now we’re in the fight for our life … for our water rights.”
2026 Politics in the Park coverage
Bien said he wouldn’t give up any more water rights beyond original compacts. He suggested investing state savings into local water storage and irrigation. Barlow acknowledged that the current multi-year drought has created natural and legal challenges, adding the Legislature is increasing its technical and legal expertise to defend water rights.
On the topic of corner crossing, the candidates noted recent court rulings that favor public access but offered different solutions. Bien said the Legislature should define a corner, Degenfelder favored case-by-case reviews, and Barlow proposed land exchanges to resolve disputes.
“If we want to have less conflict, less corner crossing, let’s work toward fewer corners,” Barlow said. “Let’s work toward consolidations within the current law. Let’s work toward things that make meaningful access available to those public land users and still protect all the private property rights.”
Healthcare and community services
The candidates expressed support for telehealth expansion, rural healthcare access and annual cancer scans for firefighters.
Degenfelder said emergency medical services should be an essential service. Bien said funding models need standardization before making a statewide EMS designation.
Barlow promised to create a healthcare strike team on Aug. 19 if he wins the primary election. He said the team would bring providers, payers and patients together to improve care.
The candidates supported protecting Medicaid for vulnerable people. Bien called for tort reform to lower insurance costs, while Degenfelder spoke about expanding the healthcare workforce pipeline.
On the state’s high veteran suicide rate, candidates supported wrap-around services, with Barlow citing local nonprofit partnerships and Bien pushing for robust VA hotline access. Degenfelder said Wyoming must make sure returning veterans are provided with strong community support and are made fully aware of the services available to them.
2026 Election Tracker
Regarding food insecurity, the candidates advocated for localized solutions, with Bien calling for ranchers to feed local schools and Barlow suggesting potential state support for school boards using their funds for nutrition programs. Degenfelder said her strategy focuses on creating more physical sites for food access and actual meals, rather than expanding government programs.
All three candidates opposed the decriminalization of marijuana.
They agreed the state’s pardon and expungement system needs reform to help nonviolent offenders restore their rights.
When asked what they would stop, Bien named corporate favoritism and regulation.
“Number one is to stop the exodus of young people from the state of Wyoming,” Degenfelder said. “You should not, if you’re a grandparent, have to get on an airplane just to see your kids and your grandchildren.”

Barlow pledged to protect public lands and reduce “the divisiveness, the ugliness that’s going on in our political climate.”
“I don’t believe it serves this nation,” he said.
Federal overreach and transparency
When asked how they would assert state authority, Bien cited the 10th Amendment and a Montana court case involving federal funds.
“So, it is one of those things to where, if it’s not in the best interest of Wyoming and it falls within the 10th Amendment and outside of those enumerated powers, I will definitely push back,” Bien said.
Degenfelder favored working with a sympathetic federal administration to return power to the states. Barlow said he would order the state attorney general to challenge unconstitutional federal mandates.
On transparency, Bien called for a state audit and an end to nondisclosure agreements in public–private partnerships. Barlow pointed to the need to update the Wyoming Public Records Act for the digital age, while Degenfelder focused on giving grassroots citizens direct access to the governor’s office rather than catering to special interests.

Closing thoughts and up next
In a lighter moment regarding daylight saving time, the candidates joked about the inconvenience, with Barlow suggesting moving the clock a half-hour permanently. He and Bien mentioned the possibility of working with governors from neighboring states to press the federal government to do away with the time change. Degenfelder said it’s an issue the Legislature is grappling with.
The evening wrapped up with a lightning round about the candidates’ favorite things about Wyoming. Barlow and Degenfelder praised the honest, hardworking people, while Bien celebrated the state’s wide, wild landscape.
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