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Welcome to the new Fightertown USA: Inside San Diego's AI-powered unmanned aircraft boom

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Welcome to the new Fightertown USA: Inside San Diego's AI-powered unmanned aircraft boom


Nearly 40 years ago, Tom Cruise rode the streets of San Diego on a Kawasaki Ninja motorcycle, playing a hotshot Navy fighter pilot in the ’80s classic “Top Gun.”

In those days, Miramar, a neighborhood in northern San Diego, was home to a US Naval Air Station that housed the fighter pilot training program featured in the movie. In its heyday, the station was nicknamed Fightertown USA. But the program has since moved to another station, and its legacy in San Diego is a faint, fond memory.

In the past few years, a new Fightertown USA has ascended in its place, largely due to the steady rise of San Diego’s tech sector and a new era of aerial innovation.

The city is now home to several startups building technology known as unmanned aerial vehicles — AI-powered autonomous defense aircraft capable of combat, surveillance, and delivery in conflict zones. Other startups are building technologies in adjacent areas, like drone defense systems and cargo delivery-focused aircraft.

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With such a rich history of aerial dynamism, it’s no surprise that San Diego has become a major hub of this technology.

“You can really track naval aviation, in all its combinations and permutations from its origins, to present day, to future, out of the San Diego ecosystem,” said Larsen Jensen, a former Navy SEAL and founder of the San Diego defense tech-focused venture capital firm Harpoon Ventures. “And the future of it is unmanned, autonomous systems that don’t have people being shot off an aircraft carrier, but autonomous drones.”

Startups in this space include Shield AI, the defense technology unicorn that investors recently valued at $2.7 billion, and newer startups like Firestorm, another autonomous defense aircraft builder.

More investors have also started to take notice of the defense tech sector as Palmer Luckey’s Anduril continues its steady climb to become a tech decacorn reportedly valued at $12.5 billion by investors. With more VCs warming up to defense tech after years of casting it aside, AI and autonomous aircraft have the potential to be a game-changing innovation, not only for the military but beyond.

“I fundamentally believe that AI and autonomy will yield multi-trillion-dollar technology giants the same way the internet has,” said Brandon Tseng, cofounder of Shield AI.

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Defense, AI, and a warming reception from VCs

Long before AI became a household buzzword, Shield AI launched in San Diego.

“We picked our name in 2015 before it was a hot wave,” said Tseng. “My aha moment was essentially OK, this software technology called AI, it can now be run on physical systems.”

Tseng, a mechanical engineer and former Navy SEAL deployed in Afghanistan and the Persian Gulf, and his cofounder and brother Ryan, the startup’s CEO, presciently decided in 2015 that AI would be a cutting-edge technology for the military.

“It should be powering, commanding, maneuvering every single one of our assets, every drone, every fighter jet, every submarine, every ship,” Tseng said of his thoughts on AI at the time.

Nearly a decade later, Shield AI’s technology has become just as cutting-edge as Tseng had imagined in 2015 — possibly even more.

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The startup’s main technology is an AI pilot called Hivemind, which can enable drones and aircraft to operate completely autonomously without a pilot or the need for GPS or other communications. Hivemind allows aircraft to complete missions and make tactical decisions in the field independently.

Hivemind has been in use since 2018, and Tseng said the AI pilot was used in Israel on October 8 of last year to rescue hostages after the Hamas attack. It’s also been used in missions to intercept millions of dollars worth of drugs in the Caribbean Sea, Tseng said. Shield’s AI fighter pilot tech was also on display when a pilotless fighter jet fitted with its AI squared off in a dogfight with a manned F-16.

Shield’s main customers are the US Department of Defense and “allied militaries.” The startup recently inked a $198 million contract with the Coast Guard and also works with the Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps.


Shield AI's V-BAT drone.

Shield AI’s V-BAT drone.

Shield AI

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Shield also produces an autonomous aircraft called the V-BAT, a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, which can complete missions typically done by larger, more sophisticated drones. And there’s the Nova 2, a combat-ready autonomous drone that can 3D map terrains or search buildings.

The startup has been on a nearly decadelong journey to this point. When it launched, Tseng recalled a frigid reception from VCs in the Bay Area when trying to fundraise.

“Defense tech wasn’t a thing in 2015,” he said. The team met with 30 investors and got 30 nos.

Tseng added that many investors thought he and his team were embarking on a “noble mission” but that it sounded like a “horrible” market and business idea. Nowadays, that reception is a little warmer, Tseng admitted.

“The advice at the time is ‘It is too hard. You shouldn’t even try.’ And that was the status quo across venture investors across everybody,” said Jensen of Harpoon Ventures.

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But with companies like Palantir and SpaceX having success in the past decade, and now Anduril and Shield AI ushering in another wave, investor enthusiasm for defense tech appears to be growing.

That warmer reception is welcome news for newer defense tech companies like Firestorm, a startup building autonomous aircraft that launched in 2022.

Firestorm’s cofounder and CTO Ian Muceus said that even just two years ago when the startup was raising its pre-seed round, defense tech-focused firms like Decisive Point, Marque Ventures, and Silent Ventures wrote checks for that round. But when they raised their seed round, more traditional VC firms participated. And now that the company is raising a Series A, it’s seeing more interest from traditional investors as well, Muceus said.

“On the whole, we’ve seen the entire VC community kind of lean a little bit more into defense tech,” he said.


Firestorm's Tempest aircraft.

Firestorm’s Tempest aircraft.

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Firestorm



Also based in San Diego, Firestorm has developed 3D printed modular aircraft that can be quickly tailored for specific missions or altered on the battlefield. These aircraft, called the Tempest, weigh 55 pounds and can fly autonomously but complete pre-planned mission sets — what Muceus calls choreographed autonomy.

Continuing a legacy of military aviation

In 1911, Glenn Curtiss, known as the “father of naval aviation,” demonstrated the first plane that could operate from land and water for the US Navy in San Diego. The A1-Triad plane became the first Navy aircraft, leading to the first aviation squadron established on North Island in San Diego Bay.

San Diego is now home to the US’s largest West Coast military presence, with Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard bases. These bases and their talent and resources are key to the city’s economic engine.

For many startups building in defense tech in the city, they have access and proximity to the military — one of their main customers.

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“I think it turned out to be a pretty ideal location to be building and running a company that is involved in defense,” said Grant Jordan, CEO of SkySafe, a startup developing drone detection and airspace management technology.

But being a VC-backed company based in San Diego — whose investors include Andreessen Horowitz and Founder Collective — Jordan said in 2016 when he was raising the company’s seed round, investors always asked if he would move the company up to the Bay Area. But he stuck to his guns and kept the company in the city.

These days, Jordan says the startup’s location isn’t much of an issue with investors. Being in San Diego means SkySafe has direct access to the Navy, one of its first customers, and was able to cultivate that relationship directly rather than trying to do it remotely.

Natilus, an early-stage aviation startup backed by investors including Tim Draper and Soma Capital, was initially based in the Bay Area. But cofounder and CEO Aleksey Matyushev said that quickly became an issue for what the startup was trying to build.

“It really became clear, especially when you think about defense and unmanned technologies, that the airspace surrounding the Bay Area is incredibly complicated,” Matyushev said.

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Natilus' Kona short-haul cargo aircraft.

Natilus’ Kona short-haul cargo aircraft.

Natilus



With three regional airports in the Bay Area — San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland — Natilus considered moving further down in California’s Central Valley to cities like Vallejo for more open areas to field test and build its aircraft, he said.

But San Diego seemed to be a better fit with its access to open land and proximity to the ocean. Natilus relocated to the city in 2021.

Natilus is developing remote-piloted aircraft that can transport more cargo with no emissions. The startup has three prototypes in the pipeline but is first focusing on its smallest short-haul aircraft, the Kona, which will have an 85-foot wingspan and can transport payloads of 3.8 tons. Matyushev said the Kona is about 24 months away from a test flight in San Diego. Natilus’ other two aircraft in development are the Alisio, a domestic vehicle that will transport 60 tons of goods, and the Nordes, a transcontinental aircraft able to carry 100 tons of freight.

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The startup also utilizes some of the city’s existing aviation infrastructure, like the world-class wind tunnel facility at nearby San Diego International Airport. And the startup has a 12,000 square feet manufacturing facility and an office at Brown Field Municipal Airport close by, where it plans to build its aircraft.

Being in San Diego means Natilus and other defense startups benefit from the talent pipeline from big defense companies with a major city presence. General Atomics calls the city home, and other companies that are prime defense contractors with the US government, like Northrop Grumman, RTX, and Lockheed Martin, have large presences in the city.

That pipeline continues to feed into the San Diego tech ecosystem, feeding and driving the aerial innovation it has become known for over a century.

“San Diego has always been doing this,” Jensen said. “It’s going to continue to be doing this.”





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Shot after San Diego mosque attack, landscaper says he’s the ‘luckiest guy on the planet’

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Shot after San Diego mosque attack, landscaper says he’s the ‘luckiest guy on the planet’


A landscaper, who police say a pair of teen shooters fired at near the Islamic Center of San Diego following Monday’s attack that left three dead, issued a statement through his attorney Saturday, saying he considers himself to be “the luckiest guy on the planet” to survive the rampage.

“If not for my helmet, I would probably not be alive today,” 52-year-old Tafu Letuli said in a statement from his lawyer Jerry Suppa.

Police said Caleb Vazquez, 18, and Cain Lee Clark, 17, arrived at the Islamic Center of San Diego about 11:43 a.m. Monday, armed and wearing camouflage. They killed a security guard during a gunbattle, then cornered and killed two congregants before fleeing. They shot at a Letuli a few blocks away on Salerno Street, then drove a few more blocks before stopping in the middle of the road and killing themselves, according to police.

The attorney’s statement said Letuli was fired upon “five or six times” and struck once, in the center of his fiberglass helmet, which shattered, and left him bleeding from his forehead.

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Letuli was treated at the scene and later treated and examined at an emergency room near his home.

“Every time I think about what happened, a strange feeling triggers a flood of emotions,” Letuli said. “I feel fortunate and sad, all at the same time. I keep asking myself, ‘why me, why me, I’m just a tree trimmer.”

The statement went on to say that Letuli’s heart goes out to the victims and their families.

Bullying, rejection, concerning behavior cited in documents linked to mosque shooting suspects

Some 5,000 people across the region gathered Thursday for a Janazah prayer service at a park next to Snapdragon Stadium in Mission Valley to remember Amin Abdullah, Mansour Kaziha and Nadir Awad.

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Abdullah, 51, the security guard at the Clairemont center, engaged in a gunbattle with the teens and used his radio to call for a lockdown, sounding a warning that helped those inside reach safety.

Kaziha, 78, had been a part of the center since it began and worked in the mosque’s store, while 57-year-old Awad lived across the street and prayed daily at the center. His wife taught school there. Mosque members have hailed the three as heroes and martyrs.

Authorities, including the San Diego Police Department and the FBI, are investigating the shootings as a hate crime.

Statement from Letuli and his family

The following is the full statement issued from Letuli’s attorney:

A statement from Letuli, and his family, provided through his attorney, Jerry Suppa, acknowledged that he is going to recover from being shot at five or six times, by his assailants, Cain Lee Clark, and Caleb Vasquez, the shooters at the Islamic Center this past Monday.

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Letuli was struck by one of the bullets in the center of his arbors helmet and was injured by bullet fragments that shattered his fiberglass helmet. He was bleeding from his forehead, blood ran down his face, from his upper forehead just above the hairline, then to his chin. His injuries were treated at the scene, and later Letuli was treated and examined at the emergency room at a hospital near his home.

Although traumatized by the ordeal, Letuli considers himself to be “the luckiest guy on the planet,” he said. He stated that his heart goes out to the victims, and their families. At 52 years old, he truly understands and realizes how he was literally inches away from meeting a horrible end to his life.

“If not for my helmet, I would probably not be alive today,” he said.

Jerry Suppa stated that Elizabeth Nelson, the victim health specialist at the FBI headquarters in Sorrento Valley, and other mental health professionals, have really been helpful in reaching out to him. After being under fire in a combat-like situation, and living to talk about it, Letuli wants everyone to know that he gives “Thanks to God for protecting him,” Suppa said.

Tafu said “every time I think about what happened, a strange feeling triggers a flood of emotions. I feel fortunate and sad, all at the same time. I keep asking myself “why me, why me, I’m just a tree trimmer?”

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Suppa said that after things settle down, Letuli will be in better shape to share his experience with others.

San Diego police release timeline of events from day of mosque shooting



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San Diego startup is hacking plant DNA to end farming’s chemical dependence

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San Diego startup is hacking plant DNA to end farming’s chemical dependence


Nestled in the Sorrento Mesa brush, a greenhouse is filled with genetically resilient rice.

Peter Beetham, CEO of Cibus, walked through the lush grass and, in his Australian accent, recounted the first time he successfully altered plant DNA.

“I couldn’t believe it,” he said. In the lab, he repeated his experiment dozens of times before his breakthrough — Beetham was able to hack into a tobacco’s gene-editing instructions and made the plant more resistant to herbicides.

When Beetham first published this technology in 1999, the field was dominated by genetically modified organisms — an approach that inserts foreign genetic material into a host’s DNA. Beetham’s method directs a plant’s own DNA repair system to make a targeted changes that exist organically in nature.

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Cibus, founded in 2001 to commercialize this platform, was an early mover in what would become the precision crop biotechnology revolution.

That cold night at Cornell University 28 years ago would be the impetus for his $120 million company.

Cibus CEO Peter Beetham in a Cibus greenhouse filled with rice plants. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

The company is called Cibus — Latin for nourishment — and it recently announced that it would begin deploying genetically engineered rice to countries in Latin America, aiming to finally profit from the science that took the San Diego team almost two decades to develop.

It took a long time to bring their science to market because, while developing the technology, the novel method had no comparison. Cibus scientists were changing genetic building blocks, and the outcome was indistinguishable from what exists in nature.

Unlike CRISPR — which deletes sections of DNA and often causes cascading effects — Cibus’s proprietary rapid trait development system, or RTDS, takes advantage of a naturally occurring genetic reaction in the body to change DNA to correspond to a more favorable trait.

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It works like this:

Your DNA breaks thousands of times a day, then fixes itself in accordance with its cellular instructions. This San Diego company is hacking those DNA directions in plants — genetically engineering crops to carry more favorable traits.

And as that cell grows from a seedling to a stalk, it will carry more resilient DNA.

Cibus has edited canola and rice DNA to be herbicide-tolerant and disease-resistant.

“When you plant a crop, you spray a lot of herbicide to control weeds,” said Beetham. “Everyone does. So people often say, ‘Not all farmers buy herbicides.’ Well, even organic farming uses a different type of herbicides.”

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He listed several long words that end in “icide,” which farmers use to dose plants, hoping for a healthy harvest.

Using Cibus seeds, farmers could save money and use fewer chemicals while growing healthier crops, said Beetham.

The science inside the San Diego greenhouse is impressive — but it took a lot of money to get there.

Daniel Belcher, a senior research associate at Cibus, works a greenhouse with rice plants on April 28, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Daniel Belcher, a senior research associate at Cibus, works a greenhouse with rice plants that may soon be grown in Latin America. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

As of the end of 2025, Cibus carried a deficit of $858 million — the compounded cost of more than a decade of foundational research with no major commercial product on the market.

“Cibus has incurred significant losses and anticipates that it will continue to incur significant losses for several years,” the company said in SEC filings.

This financial turmoil is the status quo for many R&D companies, but Cibus is particularly short on money and time.

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“If ongoing or future field trials are unsuccessful, Cibus may be unable to complete the development of productivity trait candidates on a timely basis or at all,” the filings note.

There have been significant steps taken to reduce losses. Net losses dropped 53% from 2024 to 2025, in large part because the company reduced R&D expenses.

In December, Cibus warned investors about its debts in SEC filings, noting that if the company doesn’t raise more money in the next few months, it might not survive.

The following month, Cibus raised $22.3 million. This funding would “extend its runway to roughly mid-2027,” Beetham said.

To buy time, Cibus has made an unexpected detour into fragrances.

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Using the same gene-editing platform it applies to rice and canola, the company has engineered yeast strains that produce rose and peach scent compounds for “a major consumer goods partner,” though he didn’t say which one.

Cibus expects to generate real revenue starting in the second half of this year through this venture.

 

Adina Grossman, a cell biologist at Cibus, looks at rice shoots that were edited in a growth room on April 28, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Adina Grossman, a cell biologist at Cibus, checks for gene modifications on rice shoots that were edited in a growth room. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

 

While the company is rolling out fragrances, it will continue working to deploy genetically modified crops to the field.

Herbicide-tolerant rice varieties are slated to launch with seed company partners in Colombia and Ecuador around 2027, with Peru and broader regional expansion to follow.

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The company is still awaiting regulatory approval in the U.S. and Canada.

Cibus will begin making money when farmers start saving money using Cibus seeds.

In theory, Beetham explains, farmers will save money on herbicide. That saving gets split roughly three ways among Cibus, the seed company and the farmer, and Cibus collects $20 to $30 per acre in royalties.

At scale, it’s a compelling model. Getting to scale is the hard part.

There are countless things that need to go right in field testing, and even if you account for them all, the unpredictable occurs.

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During one costly Canadian field trial, a farmer thought he’d found a clever workaround for watering the crops: banking snowmelt to sustain his crops through the season. It worked exactly as planned, right up until the geese showed up. Drawn to the newly formed pond, they ate every last one of the genetically engineered plants before Cibus could run the required tests.

“That was the downside of one of our best intentions,” said Noel Sauer, senior vice president of research at Cibus.

 

Rice shoots that were edited in the growth process are seen at a lab at Cibus on April 28, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Rice shoots that were edited start as a single cell, then scientists monitor if the alteration sticks into adulthood. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

The royalty model only pays out once edited seeds are in farmers’ hands.

“There’s a hesitancy among farmers and in agriculture. It’s the ‘show me’ industry. Show me it works. I want to see it in my field. I want to see that it controls the weeds,” Beetham said. “That’s great, because we know this product works.”

Cibus scientists test their engineered traits across generations of seeds, guaranteeing that they carry more resilient characteristics that will save farmers money down the line.

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“The science will outlive me,” Beetham said. “I feel like a chaperone. And that’s why I am making sure we do the highest quality deployment.”



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Photos: Graduates of the University of San Diego

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Photos: Graduates of the University of San Diego


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