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Court records: Nevada prison system doesn’t have execution drugs

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Court records: Nevada prison system doesn’t have execution drugs


LAS VEGAS (KTNV) — The Nevada Department Of Corrections may not have the drugs needed to carry out several executions.

Last month, Clark County District Attorney Steve Wolfson stated his office plans to seek execution warrants for three inmates who have been on death row for years.

Zane Floyd was convicted and sentenced to death for killing four people and wounding a fifth during an attack at a Las Vegas Albertsons in 1999.

Donald Sherman was convicted and sentenced to death for using a hammer to kill a retired doctor while he slept in 1994.

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Sterling Atkins was convicted and sentenced to death for beating, sexually assaulting, and strangling a mother in North Las Vegas in 1994.

When looking at a new federal court filing from Wednesday, attorneys for the NDOC wrote “At the current time, all medications previously obtained through the Cardinal Health portal have expired, NDOC is not in the possess of any unexpired drugs that are contained in the Protocol, and NDOC has confirmed to [attorneys for Floyd, Sherman, and Atkins] that there is no plan to change the protocol to proceed with the use of expired medications.”

According to court records, the NDOC is following protocols that were proposed in 2021, which include a three-drug lethal injection procedure “in which the drugs midazolam, fentanyl and cisatracurium” are used.

When looking at what these drugs are generally used for, the Mayo Clinic says midazolam is “used to produce sleepiness or drowsiness and relieve anxiety before surgery or certain procedures.” Fentanyl injections are “used to relieve severe pain during and after surgery. It is also used with other medicines just before or during an operation to help the anesthetic work better.” Cisatracurium injections are typically “used before and during surgery to provide muscle relaxation.”

When looking at past cases that have used similar drugs, fentanyl has been used only once in an execution protocol. That was in 2018 in Nebraska.

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The court filing states attorneys for the three inmates have offered a different protocol that would contain fentanyl, ketamine, and potassium (chloride or acetate) and not include cisatracurium.

Attorneys for the inmates also suggested using pentobarbital, which is typically used as a medical sedative and a medicine that helps with emergency seizure control, as an alternative means of execution.

Ketamine has not been used in an execution. The State of Utah used a protocol of ketamine, fentanyl, and potassium chloride in 2024. However, they changed their systems to a one-drug protocol using pentobarbital.

Why does the medication combo matter?

Advocates say it’s because lethal injections aren’t the most efficient ways to carry out executions.

“Execution is brutal. I think that a lot of the public think these guys are just kind of peacefully going to sleep in the death chamber and we know, from expert witnesses and anesthesiologists who have reviewed hundreds of autopsies, who have witnessed these executions, who know these drugs better than anybody in the world, what they say is to a medical certainty, these people are suffering,” said journalist and author Gianna Toboni, who wrote a book called The Volunteer, which looks at the history of the death penalty in the United States, specifically through the eyes of former inmate Scott Dozier. “I think when we talk about firing squad and nitrogen gas, a lot of people are stunned like ‘Oh my God. We’re going back to these gruesome, brutal methods.’ Guess what? Lethal injection is pretty brutal too. It has the highest rate of botched executions at 7%.”

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When it comes to how the State of Nevada is obtaining the drugs that will be used for the proposed executions, “NDOC takes the position that contemplation of potential alternative sources for procuring medications are, at this time, protected by the deliberate process privilege, and therefore are not discoverable unless and until Director Dzurenda acquires medications to be used in the execution.”

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Toboni previously told me that is not unusual because there are several states across the U.S. who keep the processes for how they obtain execution drugs under wraps.

“A lot of states are going to what’s called compounding pharmacies. Typically, these pharmacies are used for people who have allergies but need a specific medication. So they’ll combine different ingredients in order to make a custom drug for somebody. These drugs are not FDA-approved. They’re not in any way regulated by the federal government,” Toboni explained.

Toboni worked with the NDOC a lot while researching her book and says she understands how difficult this process is.

“Now, I understand the challenge that the prison system is up against and James Dzurenda, by no means, had it easy. He was genuinely trying to get the drugs in order to do his job, to carry out that execution, and the fact of the matter is it’s hard to get these drugs.”

As for Nevada, according to the court filing, the Cardinal Health portal “continues to be the primary and preferred source for obtaining medications that may be used in executions”, but “Director Dzurenda notes that he does not feel bound to pursue access to medications through the portal only and may pursue procurement of medications through other lawful channels.”

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When looking at the federal court docket, no future hearing dates have been set. However, if one is needed, the court filing says it will be scheduled for June 22, 2026.

Nevada has not carried out an execution since 2006.





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Film Review: Adrift in Time and Tide – Mark Jenkin’s “Rose of Nevada”

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Film Review: Adrift in Time and Tide – Mark Jenkin’s “Rose of Nevada”


By Steve Erickson

A Cornish folk-horror reverie where sound and image eclipse story, evoking the erosion of community and the fragility of working-class life.

Rose of Nevada, directed by Mark Jenkin. A special advance screening at Coolidge Corner Theatre on June 23 will feature a post-film discussion with the filmmaker.

George MacKay and Callum Turner in a scene from Rose of Nevada. Photo: Venice Film Festival

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To its credit, Rose of Nevada sustains a mood of eerie alienation. The film’s shots seem disconnected, the narrative’s characters trapped in the square frame of the Academy ratio. Cornish director and writer Mark Jenkin shoots and edits in a manner that emphasizes people’s isolation from one another: his cuts don’t neatly suture a story together. Rather, images collide into one another. There is a thematic logic to the approach: the visuals reflect the death of communal spirit in contemporary England.  Jenkin set out quite consciously to achieve these strange effects. His cinematography was hand-cranked 16mm. Subliminal mismatches between actors and their voices were exploited because the sound is entirely post-synced. Rose of Nevada continues the aesthetic of Jenkin’s 2022 feature Enys Men (Arts Fuse review) which brought elements of the experimental avant-garde into conversation with British folk-horror.

Set in a fishing village in Cornwall, England, Rose of Nevada is named after a boat. The vessel mysteriously vanished 30 years ago. When it reappears out of the blue,  reasonable explanations for its reappearance are scarce. Struggling to support his  family in an economically shattered region, Nick (George MacKay) takes a job serving as one of its crew, alongside Liam (Callum Turner). The ship offers a number of ominous portents, including a message carved into the wall. When Nick and Liam emerge from the boat, thinking they’ve headed back home, they find that they have gone through a time loop and returned to 1993. They’re accepted by the townsfolk of the past — because they pretend to be the men who vanished.

“Kneebone Barton,” a track from Rose of Nevada’s soundtrack, features a ship’s horn that unfurls into faint, seemingly endless echoes. Heard on its own, the film’s score, composed by Jenkin, evokes a mood of chilly loneliness, rendering the the story’s fascination with time’s mysteries legible, even without its images. By foregoing live recording, Jenkin crafts an extraordinarily vivid soundscape in which ordinary noises resolve into musical rhythms. Life aboard the ship takes on the cadence of a drum solo—utensils slam against the walls, boots tap in steady patterns. In place of an alarm clock, the captain rouses Nick and Liam by striking a metal pot.

Jenkin, who was also the cinematographer, is enamored with signs of both life and decay. His camera glides over rusted metal and rotting wood, drawing out the beauty in their mottled surfaces. Visually, Rose of Nevada skillfully echoes images from its early passages—a house’s crumbling roof that lets water flood in, foreshadowing events aboard the boat. Day after day, a seagull circles in the bright blue sky above, as if caught in its own loop. The director emphasizes the medium’s focus on physicality, the tangible reality of the narrative’s environments. To that end, he leaves imperfections intact: flashes of light briefly render an actor’s face unreadable, and the beginnings and ends of reels have been left visible at times in the final cut. The soundtrack’s artificiality pulls against the material grain of the images, creating a provocative tension.

The director has long been devoted to filming the Cornish seaside in southern England. His commitment to elevating the region’s culture was recognized by the College of Bards of Gorsedh Kernow. For the first time, in Rose of Nevada, Jenkin introduces introduces recognizable movie stars into his work. But both MacKay and Turner strategically  underplay their roles, choosing to recede into their characters rather than assert themselves over lesser-known performers in the cast. Jenkin’s spare script only heightens this demand for restraint.

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Jenkin’s turn toward horror has also made his recent films more commercially viable. Distributed by Neon, Enys Men reached American multiplexes—a surprising push for such a singular work. Rose of Nevada, by contrast, sustains a similarly eerie atmosphere but eschews an easily legible narrative. Character recedes in favor of the sensuous force of sound and image. As in his earlier films, Jenkin explores the precariousness of working-class life, though he avoids the blunt metaphors common to much A24 horror. Instead, he relies on the medium’s considerable affective power to evoke the fragility of blue-collar existence. That said, Rose of Nevada is less a story than an assertion of sustained mood—an exceptionally potent one.


Steve Erickson writes about film and music for Gay City News, Slant Magazine, the Nashville Scene, Trouser Press, and other outlets. He also produces electronic music under the tag callinamagician. His latest album, Bells and Whistles, was released in January 2024, and is available to stream here. He presents a biweekly freeform radio show, Radio Not Radio, featuring an eclectic selection of music from around the world.



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Promoter of election conspiracy theories wins GOP primary for Nevada secretary of state

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Promoter of election conspiracy theories wins GOP primary for Nevada secretary of state


Las Vegas (AP) — Former state lawmaker Jim Marchant won the Republican nomination for Nevada secretary of state on Monday, bringing one of the state’s most outspoken promoters of election conspiracy theories within reach of the office that oversees voting in a perennial presidential battleground.

His win after Nevada’s June 9 primary sets up a rematch in November with Democratic Secretary of State Cisco Aguilar, who prevailed in their race four years ago.

The winner will oversee the 2028 presidential election in Nevada, a state that went for President Donald Trump in 2024 after voting for Democrat Joe Biden four years earlier.

Marchant has long questioned Nevada’s voting security. He claimed both he and Trump were victims of election fraud in 2020 when Marchant lost his bid for Nevada’s 4th Congressional District against Democratic Rep. Steven Horsford, despite officials finding no evidence of any widespread fraud.

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He claimed that mail ballots were fraudulent, despite using that method to vote while he was a registered voter in Florida.

In December 2020, he stood alongside the six Nevada Republicans who signed fake electoral certificates claiming Trump won the state — when in fact Biden won Nevada that year by more than 33,000 votes. Those six Republicans continue to face charges filed by the attorney general’s office.

The Nevada secretary of state at the time, a Republican, had her office review multiple claims of fraud submitted by Republicans and found them to be baseless or already under review, specifically refuting thousands of allegations. An Associated Press investigation of potential fraud cases in the six battleground states where Trump disputed his 2020 loss found fewer than 475 overall, far too few to affect the election. In Nevada, the number of possible voter fraud cases represented less than 0.3% of Biden’s margin of victory in the state.

Marchant defeated Gov. Joe Lombardo’s endorsed candidate for secretary of state, Shirley Folkins-Roberts, who had denied there was widespread fraud in Nevada’s elections, and former lawmaker Sharron Angle. Folkins-Roberts conceded the race in a Monday statement.

“Despite being massively outspent in this election, I’m proud to again be chosen by Nevada conservatives to be their champion in the race for Secretary of State,” Marchant said in a statement.

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Marchant reported raising and spending no money ahead of the primary. Folkins-Roberts reported spending about $11,000, and Angle reported $20,000 this year, according to the latest campaign finance reports.

If elected, Marchant wants to eliminate electronic voting machines and end the state’s universal mail ballots. He also wants to require paper ballots, which would be counted by hand, according to his campaign website.

Aguilar, who ran unopposed in the Democratic primary, has promoted his efforts to streamline Nevada’s election processes and improve voter turnout. He also highlighted a bill he successfully helped steer through the Legislature that makes it a felony to harass election officials.

During his tenure, Aguilar spearheaded a transition to a new voter registration and election management system and in 2024 organized a polling location at Allegiant Stadium.

In his statement, Marchant called his win a “victory for voter ID.” He is a staunch supporter of implementing voter ID, a ballot question that passed by a wide margin in 2024 and will be before voters again in November. Aguilar has previously said voter ID is a solution to a problem that does not exist, but also said he respects the will of the voters and will work with the governor and local election officials “to continue strengthening our elections.”

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Aguilar’s campaign declined to comment about Marchant’s victory in the GOP primary.



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Hurricanes party with Stanley Cup at Las Vegas Strip nightclub

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Hurricanes party with Stanley Cup at Las Vegas Strip nightclub


The Carolina Hurricanes didn’t have to travel far to celebrate their Stanley Cup championship.

Several players were spotted partying at Omnia Nightclub at Caesars Palace early Monday morning, just hours after winning NHL’s championship against the Vegas Golden Knights.

Video captured by the Review-Journal’s John Katsilometes shows someone hoisting the Cup behind a DJ as music and smoke fill the club.

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Carolina defeated Vegas 3-0 on Sunday at T-Mobile Arena, just a mile south of Caesars Palace, to win the Stanley Cup Final in six games.



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