Alaska
Ancient Alaskan Site May Explain How First People Reached North America
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A buried campsite in Alaska’s Tanana Valley is offering a sharper picture of what the first migrations into North America may have looked like, right down to campfires, stone flakes, and a mammoth tusk set in time. Researchers argue that the newly analyzed evidence from the Holzman archaeological site shows people were present in Interior Alaska about 14,000 years ago, and that their tool-making traditions hint at technological continuity with the later, famous Clovis culture farther south.
The study, published in Quaternary International, doesn’t “solve” the peopling of the Americas on its own, but it strengthens a key section of the chain: what was happening in Alaska in the centuries just before Clovis appears across much of mid-continental North America. For a debate often dominated by big routes and big dates, Holzman brings the story back to the intimate scale of daily work – processing ivory, shaping stone, and returning to the same landscape across generations.
Late Pleistocene extent of glaciation at 14 and 13 ka (Dalton et al., 2020, 2023) with the Beringia landmass, and ancient archaeological sites >13 ka. Clovis sites from (Anderson and Miller, 2017).Ancient lakes at approximately 14 ka include Glacial Lake Atna at the 777 m asl level (Wiedmer et al., 2010) and in Beringia (Bond, 2019).
A 14,000-Year-Old Campsite in the Tanana Valley
The Holzman site sits in Alaska’s middle Tanana Valley, a region archaeologists consider especially important because it preserves deeply layered, well-dated traces of Late Pleistocene life. In the paper, the authors describe multiple occupation layers, with the oldest (Component 5b) dated to roughly 14,000 years ago and containing a nearly complete mammoth tusk along with evidence of hearths and stone-working debris.
Just above that, the team reports a later layer dated around 13,700 years ago that looks like a focused production episode: abundant quartz artifacts and a clear emphasis on mammoth ivory reduction. That layer also produced what the researchers describe as the earliest known ivory rod tools in the Americas, made with techniques that later become more visible in Clovis contexts, explains Phys.org.
Findings associated with the Holzman archaeological site. (Wygal et al. Quaternary International (2026)
This matters because it places people with a sophisticated organic-technology tradition (ivory working doesn’t preserve as readily as stone) in eastern Beringia earlier than or alongside the first big expansions south of the ice sheets. In other words, Alaska is not just “a corridor people passed through,” but a place where key technologies may have been refined before dispersal.
Why Mammoth Ivory Tools Are the Real Clue
Stone tools are the durable headline, but mammoth ivory is the more surprising thread. At Holzman, the authors link clusters of quartz flakes and working areas to the carving and shaping of ivory into rods and blanks – materials that would have been valuable, portable, and useful for composite hunting tools.
Phys.org summarizes the connection the researchers are drawing: ivory rods made at Holzman (around 13,700 years ago) appear to use carving techniques later seen in Clovis contexts (around 13,000 years ago). That doesn’t mean “Clovis came from Alaska” in a simple, one-step way, but it does support the idea that some technological roots of later Paleoindian traditions could have been laid in the north during earlier movements through Beringia and Interior Alaska.
This is also where the Tanana Valley’s broader record becomes important. The region has yielded multiple stratified sites with early dates, so Holzman is being presented as part of a wider cultural landscape, one that can connect Siberian-Beringian adaptations to later expansions deeper into North America.
Beringia (the Bering Land Bridge region) once linked Asia and North America during lower sea levels. (NOAA/Public domain)
The Route South: Land Corridor, Coastline, or Both?
Migration into the Americas is not about a single “path,” but timing can still rule routes in or out. The Holzman evidence supports the idea of a southward movement of ancestral Clovis-era populations sometime between 14,000 and 13,000 years ago, after reaching and circulating within eastern Beringia.
That interior story intersects with the long-running “ice-free corridor” debate. Ancient Origins has previously reported research suggesting the ice-free corridor may not have been viable for the earliest migrations until relatively late (around 13,800 years ago for full opening, in that report), which would imply that initial entry into the Americas could have relied more heavily on coastal or other alternatives, with interior pathways becoming more usable later.
The Holzman paper itself emphasizes dispersal south of the continental ice sheets during the 14–13 ka window, but it also sits within a field where multiple routes – coastal, interior, and mixed strategies – are actively weighed against new archaeological and genetic data. Rather than closing the debate, Holzman adds weight to the idea that Interior Alaska was populated early enough to feed later expansions, at least once conditions allowed those movements.
Top image: Illustrative Alaska image, Columbia Glacier, Columbia Bay, Valdez, Alaska. Source: Frank Fichtmüller/Adobe Stock
By Gary Manners
References
Sahir, R., 2022. Ice Wall Blocked Americas Land Route Until 13,800 years Ago. Ancient Origins. Available at: /news-history-archaeology/ice-wall-0016560
Karasavvas, T. 2018. Ancient Infant DNA Rewrites the History of Humans Entering North America. Available at: /news-history-archaeology/ancient-infant-dna-rewrites-history-humans-entering-north-america-009383
Wygal, B. T., et al. 2026. Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618225004306?via%3Dihub
Arnold, P., 2026. Ancient Alaskan site may help explain how the first people arrived in North America. Available at: https://phys.org/news/2026-02-ancient-alaskan-site-people-north.html
Alaska
Sen. Sullivan defends approach to Trump administration during address to Alaska Legislature
JUNEAU — U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan defended his stance on the administration of President Donald Trump in response to questions from Alaska lawmakers after his annual address Wednesday, even as he called on them to unanimously adopt a resolution opposing one of Trump’s policy ideas.
“In terms of the president and his team, my North Star, in terms of my dealing with those guys, is what’s good for Alaska and what’s good for our country,” Sullivan said. “When they do things that I don’t like, there’s times that I will beat them up in public.”
Sullivan made the comment in response to a question from Anchorage Democratic state Sen. Forrest Dunbar, after a speech in which Sullivan, who is up for reelection this year, extolled Trump and declared Alaska was experiencing a “comeback” under his leadership.
“You said ‘yes’ to Trump many times,” Dunbar said. “I’m wondering if you’re willing to say ‘no.’”
“You want to put out a tweet, smashing them on certain issues or criticizing them?” Sullivan asked in response. “Sometimes that works, but sometimes, if you want results, that’s not always the best way to get results.”
Sullivan listed federal funding freezes and worker layoffs as areas where he disagreed with Trump in recent months. He said his office “made huge impacts on all of those issues,” though he has often refrained from speaking publicly about those topics or responding to questions from reporters about them.
“I push back publicly and in private on all kinds of things — with always the North Star for me, how to be effective for all of you, for the people I represent and for my country,” said Sullivan.
Sullivan’s speech surveyed many familiar themes. He decried former President Joe Biden’s past environmental policies, which he said hindered resource development in Alaska; he celebrated Trump’s executive order seeking to expand the state’s resource industries; he promised progress on a long-sought natural gas pipeline; he praised a GOP-backed bill that extended tax cuts first enacted in 2017; he downplayed lawmakers’ concerns over cuts to Medicaid enacted to pay for those tax cuts; he criticized Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-New York, for blocking legislative provisions that would have benefited Alaska; and he lauded a new rural health program that he said would direct more than $1 billion in new federal funding to the state.
Sullivan’s speech focused primarily on areas where he said he agrees with the president. But he called on the Legislature to pass a resolution opposing Trump’s move to charge $100,000 for visas that are used by educators coming to Alaska from other countries, primarily the Philippines, to fill vacant teaching positions in rural districts.
Alaska has increasingly relied on teachers from other countries amid stagnant school funding and other concerns that have made attracting educators to the state from the Lower 48 increasingly difficult. Sullivan said he is working with other members of Alaska’s congressional delegation to seek an exemption to Trump’s visa surcharge.
Around three dozen protesters gathered outside the Capitol ahead of Sullivan’s address, speaking against several of his policy positions. Some lined the hallways as Sullivan entered the Alaska House chamber, holding signs reading, “We the People Do Not Consent.”
“When I entered the U.S. military, 60 years ago, I took an oath to protect and defend the U.S. Constitution,” Juneau resident Paul DeSloover said. “Sen. Sullivan, when he entered the Marines, took the same oath, and he likes to say ‘Semper Fi’ because he’s a Marine. But (it) should be, ‘Semper Timidus,’ because he is a timid coward.”
Erin Jackson-Hill, member of the left-leaning activist group Stand Up Alaska, criticized Sullivan’s support of the SAVE Act, a bill that would require proof of citizenship to vote. Alaska Republican U.S. Rep. Nick Begich also supports the legislation, whereas Alaska Republican U.S. Sen Lisa Murkowski opposes it.
“I call on Sen. Sullivan to show a modicum of the bravery shown by our other senator and stand up and say the SAVE Act is wrong. It will disenfranchise people,” Jackson-Hill said.
Sullivan said in a press availability after the speech that he believes “voting should be easy, and cheating should be hard.” He said he does not believe voter fraud is widespread in Alaska, but that it is elsewhere in the country.
“I think having an ID requirement that makes sure that the people who are voting in our country are Americans is not unreasonable,” Sullivan said. “Even though it’s not a big issue here, it is a big issue in other parts of the country. And I’m a senator for Alaska, but I’m also a senator for America.”
Reviews both nationwide and in Alaska have found that voting by noncitizens is exceedingly rare.
In response to a question from a reporter, Sullivan criticized U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations in Minneapolis. He said he supports “deporting illegals with violent criminal records.”
“ICE needs to refine its techniques and tactics. It was horrendous, regardless of the situation, in my view, that two Americans were killed,” said Sullivan. “That should not have happened. I think there’s practices that they need to learn from. At the same time, I strongly support our law enforcement.”
The Daily News’ Iris Samuels reported from Anchorage and Mari Kanagy reported from Juneau.
Alaska
Opinion: A defining moment for Alaska’s congressional delegation
Sen. Dan Sullivan and Rep. Nick Begich must choose between complicity and commitment to their fundamental constitutional obligations as legislators. Like so many scandals before, the root cause and means of correction for our current national crisis resides in the deliberative body, not the executive.
It’s been nearly 25 years since energy giant Enron filed for bankruptcy. The company collapsed after it was discovered that CEO Kenneth Lay and other executives had concealed massive debt through fraudulent accounting practices. Billions disappeared from pension plans and retirement accounts of ordinary people across the country.
Executives, like Mr. Lay, capture our attention with their boundless capacity to believe in themselves to the very end, even as the lies, abuse and secrets finally catch up with them.
Despite the coverage they receive, such leaders are really a symptom of a more serious underlying autoimmune disease: a systemic failure of the organization’s policymaking and oversight body.
Time and again, boards that could prevent or contain executive misconduct are caught up in the success of the moment, blinded by groupthink, constrained by the perceived necessities of competitive edge and public image, and passive in response to a forceful leader considered integral to the organization’s success.
The U.S. government provides an unparalleled example of this dual failure of executive leadership and legislative oversight.
President Trump has:
• Been found civilly liable for sexually abusing E. Jean Carroll and is the subject of numerous credible allegations of sexual misconduct.
• Incited an attack on the U.S. Capitol by a mob of his supporters, threatened the vice president and members of Congress in an attempt to interfere with the peaceful transition of power, and later pardoned or commuted the sentences of all those criminally convicted of violence against D.C. and Capitol police during the attack.
• Openly profited off the presidency through the use of cryptocurrency pay-for-play political schemes to the tune of billions of dollars.
• Weaponized departments of the federal government to target his personal enemies.
• Terrorized lawful immigrants and U.S. citizens and stoked domestic conflict through the use of militarized and masked federal police forces in the name of crime reduction and immigration enforcement.
• Threatened our allies with military action in contravention of ratified U.S. treaties and committed acts of war without congressional approval.
• Through his Department of Justice, illegally concealed the names of possible co-conspirators in a case of child sex trafficking associated with the highest echelons in our society, a case in which the president himself is potentially implicated.
Congress is the United States’ board of directors. It is responsible for investigating executive misconduct and, if warranted, impeaching and removing the president and cabinet members.
Members of Congress who refuse to perform their constitutional duties of oversight share responsibility for President Trump’s actions.
That Sen. Sullivan and Rep. Begich belong to the same party as the president is irrelevant. No one considers it a valid excuse if trustees happen to belong to the same political party as the executive leadership they are charged with overseeing. The job remains the same: oversight, accountability, exercise of budgetary authority and policymaking.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski, often alone in her party, has stood up to the Trump administration, modeling the independent-minded leadership we need from all members of the legislative branch.
The United States of America is not a large energy company. Much more is at stake. Innocent people in Alaska and across the nation and world will suffer even more if Republican legislators, including Sen. Sullivan and Rep. Begich, refuse to investigate and fulfill their oath to check the abuse of executive power.
If the Alaska delegation does not act decisively now, they will never be able to wash their hands of these things. The stench of President Trump’s actions will remain with them long after their service to our state has ended.
Joel Potter is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Alaska Anchorage.
• • •
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Alaska
Former Alaska cop convicted of assault after lying about vehicle attack, according to state
BETHEL, Alaska (KTUU) – A former Bethel police officer has been convicted of assault and related charges after a jury concluded he used excessive force against a man during a 2023 traffic stop, and then provided false information about the encounter.
Jonathan Murphy, 39, was found guilty of fourth-degree assault, providing false information implicating another in a crime, and second degree tampering with evidence last week following a six day trial.
The charges stem from a Dec. 23, 2023 incident in Bethel, where Murphy, then an officer with the Bethel Police Department, assisted in a traffic stop involving a report of a stolen vehicle. Body-worn camera footage showed Murphy and another officer approach the driver and order him to raise his hands, which the driver did, according to the Alaska Department of Law.
Prosecutors said Murphy then attempted to forcibly remove the driver from the vehicle and struck him in the face. The victim drove away.
Murphy later radioed to the other officer, claiming the driver had attempted to hit him with the vehicle, according to the Department of Law.
After a short pursuit, officers forced the driver’s vehicle into a snowbank. Murphy and other officers surrounded the vehicle, broke its windows, deployed pepper spray and used tasers. Video showed the driver retreating into his vehicle and attempting to remove taser wires while curling into a defensive position, according to the state.
During the encounter, Murphy grabbed the victim through the driver’s window and repeatedly punched him in the head. Body-camera footage showed Murphy striking the driver more than 20 times in rapid succession, according to the Department of Law.
Prosecutors said Murphy later reported that the driver had struck him with the vehicle and implied he had been dragged by it. Investigators said the video did not show the driver attempting to hit Murphy or any part of the vehicle striking him.
Murphy resigned from the Bethel Police Department at the start of the investigation in 2024. He later worked briefly with the Sitka Police Department and currently serves as police chief in Diamond City, Arkansas, according to the Department of Law.
Sentencing is scheduled for Feb. 19. Murphy faces a maximum of three years in confinement.
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