Opinion: Christian nationalism is at the root of the high number of executions in Oklahoma

White Christian nationalism is a widespread form of religious extremism in the United States. White Christian nationalists believe in a social hierarchy that supposedly has been ordained by God: the United States is superior to all other nations, Christianity is superior to all other world religions, and the man is the head of the household. At the root of it is a belief by white males of European ancestry that they are superior to all other people and an intolerance of people that are below them on the social hierarchy. The use of force is justified to maintain their social control.

Gov. Kevin Stitt claimed “every square inch” of Oklahoma for Jesus Christ in a public prayer outside the state Capitol upon his reelection in 2022. Stitt signed House Bill 1775 in 2021, which banned the teaching of critical race and gender theory in Oklahoma high schools. This is a rejection of any view of history other than the traditional view of the white European male.

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Christian nationalists embrace capital punishment, which is a means of maintaining social control over people of color and poor people. Samuel Perry, a leading authority on Christian nationalism, has noted that states in which Christian nationalism is strongest have the most executions. The more adults affirm Christian nationalism, the more they are likely to say, “the problem with the death penalty is we don’t use it enough.”

Oklahoma has executed 14 men during Stitt’s administration, second most among U.S. states. All but one were people of color or poor, or a combination thereof. The Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board has recommended clemency for five men, but Stitt has rejected their recommendation four times, granting clemency only for Julius Jones, whose cause gained notoriety and provoked walkouts by high school students in Oklahoma City, Edmond and Tulsa. Stitt appeared to grant clemency grudgingly as a result of political pressure.

In a statement released after Emmanuel Littlejohn’s execution on Sept. 26, 2024, Stitt called himself “a law-and-order governor.” That is an ideological statement that emphasizes harsh enforcement as a means of reducing crime and enforcing social control. Law and order was a slogan used as a racial dog whistle in the 1960s and 1970s as part of the white backlash against the Civil Rights Movement and urban unrest. Stitt’s statement said nothing about Littlejohn’s repentance and his conduct in prison.

James Coddington, Phillip Hancock and Littlejohn would be alive today if Stitt had followed the recommendations for clemency made by the Pardon and Parole Board. Most CEOs follow the recommendations of their boards, but clemency apparently conflicts with Stitt’s view of justice. There is no place in it for mercy and forgiveness for men who have been convicted of violent crimes. It does not matter whether they are changed men, have been model prisoners, have repented of their crimes and have apologized to the victims’ families. Retribution must be carried out.

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It is ironic that Christian nationalists are more supportive of state violence than any other segment of the American population. Christian nationalists betray the teachings of the Christ they profess to follow, who was not white and not European and created nonviolent communities in which women were leaders. He refused to allow his disciples to take arms to defend him when his own life was threatened. On the cross he forgave those who were crucifying him.

The Rev. Don Heath is minister of Disciples Christian Church in Edmond and the chair of the Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.