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Angler researches lowering lakes from the bottom to cool waters and help trout survive

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Angler researches lowering lakes from the bottom to cool waters and help trout survive


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An avid angler believes allowing more water to be released from the bottom of lakes will give coldwater fish like trout a better chance to survive the hot summer months.

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“I would notice that Laurel Hill Creek would super heat in the really warm months of summer,” said John MacDonald, 66, of Rockwood, Somerset County. 

“The trout would suffer horribly, many would die and the ones that didn’t, took refuge downstream and left the area.”

In the heat of the summer, MacDonald would wear snorkeling gear and swim down the creek looking for fish.

“I noticed they would hide in the deeper pools,” he said, “and I would find a cold water spring down there, that they were all huddled up against.”

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Ongoing research

About five years ago, he approached Camp Soles, a nearby children’s camp, about opening their lake’s bottom drain pipe to release some of the colder water to see how that would impact the temperature of the water flowing downstream. The camp’s 18-acre lake flows into Lost Run and then into Laurel Hill Creek.

“We had to make sure that at all times that water flowed over the top for the health of the lake,” he said. “We had to find a blending point which let water over the top, but enough cold water off the bottom to bring (the temperature) down,” he said.

Let’s go fishing: A look at what you need to know to fish for trout this spring across Pennsylvania

He started measuring the temperature of the water at several locations, including in Lost Run before it reached the lake, in the lake itself and then several spots down stream. 

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During the heat of the summer, he said water coming into the lake would be below 70 degrees. The water flowing over the spillway would oftentimes be 80 degrees or more and the water below where the spillway and bottom pipe blend in Lost Run would be back down to below 70.

“We are able to get to the same temperature below the dam as it was coming into the lake,” he said “We were actually able to get to that same point, as though the dam wasn’t there,” he said.

Susan Fletcher, president of the Friends of Camp Soles board of directors, has been observing MacDonald’s efforts.

“It’s not only that the fish are more vigorous and survive better, but there’s something about what they feed on that has improved,” she said.

Fletcher said MacDonald is a friend of the camp and they appreciate his efforts.

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“He’s clearly interested in the environment and when you have a summer camp, that’s what you want the kids to do, is to appreciate the natural world,” she said.

She said the dam was named Lake Tris for a descendant of the camp’s founders. She said there are online references to the waterway that have it also spelled as Lake Triss. “It’s hard to get that changed,” she said.

“One of the most popular things in recent years has been fishing,” she said about the campers enjoying the lake to catch catfish, bass and a variety of panfish.

“We love that John has taken an interest and is keeping (the lake) healthy. Because one of my favorite sayings is, when you tug at one thing in nature, you find it attached to the rest of the world.”

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This year, MacDonald is continuing his research with recording temperatures and studying the ratio of water coming over the spillway with the water being released from the bottom of the lake. He also wants to measure water volume, too.

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“Once I establish the ratio of what is needed, other lakes with a spillway and bottom pipe, can experiment with how far to open the pipe each year,” he said about making it a simple process for people to mimic or at least try. 

He said he’s not changing the amount of water being released, but blending the two sources of water discharge.

With the help of Camp Soles, he said the goal is to, “Someday find a very simple solution for these types of lakes to bring the water temperature down below 70, and protect our cold water heritage.”

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MacDonald isn’t officially trained to study waterways, but said he’s an avid sportsman who wants to protect the fishery. He’s hoping his research can be used by state agencies and private lake owners “for the betterment of our cold-water heritage.” 

State agency response

Lakes in Pennsylvania are managed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

Lauren Camarda, regional communications manager for the DEP, said, “A cold water, low-level discharge is not always required or beneficial, but many dams have been retrofitted with cold water releases over the years. While there could be benefits from discharging from the bottom, it could have the unintended consequence of releasing anoxic water (water with low levels of dissolved oxygen that fish need), sediment that can pollute the water downstream, or entrapping or impinging fish in the lake.”

If the lake has to retrofit its pipes on the bottom of a lake it can be cost prohibitive based on what is needed.

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“Simply ‘cracking open’ the low-level valve is generally not a viable solution as high velocity flow could be detrimental to the valve and debris may lodge in the valve preventing it from being able to shut,” she said through an email. “If a dam owner wants to change normal operation of the pool level, a permit is required from DEP. DEP’s division of dam safety consults with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission regarding situations where a cold-water release requirement may be warranted. Ultimately, this idea may have merit in certain situations but must be approached on a case specific-basis and in concert with DEP review to ensure that it is in fact beneficial for aquatic life downstream. DEP encourages dam owners that are interested in this to contact DEP to determine if it is something that could work for them.”

Mike Parker, communications director for the Fish and Boat Commission agreed that colder water may help trout survive the summer months, but referred questions about lowering lakes to achieve that to the DEP.

 Brian Whipkey is the outdoors columnist for USA TODAY Network sites in Pennsylvania. Contact him at bwhipkey@gannett.com and sign up for our weekly Go Outdoors PA newsletter email on this website’s homepage under your login name. Follow him on Facebook @whipkeyoutdoors, and Instagram at whipkeyoutdoors.





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PA state rep. wants to force the York State Fair to change its name

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PA state rep. wants to force the York State Fair to change its name


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Will the York State Fair have to change its name?

State Rep. Catherine Wallen of the 193rd House District, which stretches from Shippensburg to New Oxford, plans to introduce legislation that would prohibit fairs from using the title “state fair” in their name or advertising.

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She noted that “a wave of a few fairs” recently has started using the word “state” in their name. There isn’t a statute that allows the use of a “state fair” title in Pennsylvania.

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“This legislation would change that to keep all fairs across the state on the same level and not allude that they are recognized as the Official State fair of Pennsylvania,” Wallen wrote. “The only event that truly has claim to that title is the Pennsylvania Farm Show that is held annually in Harrisburg.”

The annual agricultural fair in York County, formerly known as the York Fair, added the word “state” to its name in 2020. The event, which was set to move to July that year, had to be canceled because of the coronavirus pandemic.

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The Agricultural Society Board of Directors voted in 2019 to change the name to join other large fairs across the country that include “state” in the name, according to a news release at the time.

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“We are as big as many state fairs across the country in terms of attendance, entries, entertainment, amusement rides, facilities, staffing and budget so the question became why not recognize ourselves as a state fair level event by calling ourselves the York State Fair,” then-CEO Bryan Blair said in the release at the time.

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Patrick Ball, the fair’s current CEO, said fair officials are trying to learn more about the proposed legislation.

Teresa Boeckel is a reporter for the York Daily Record, part of the USA TODAY NETWORK. Contact her at tboeckel@ydr.com.



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‘Natural splendor at its best’: Penn’s Cave may become Pa.’s next state park

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‘Natural splendor at its best’: Penn’s Cave may become Pa.’s next state park


The boat dock at the entrance of Penn’s Cave.
HUNTER SMITH / THE EXPRESS

HUNTER SMITH / THE EXPRESS
The colored light room in Penn’s Cave.

BELLEFONTE — After four generations of family stewardship, the owners of Penn’s Cave and Wildlife Park are asking the state to take over one of Centre County’s most iconic attractions in an effort to preserve it from future development.

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Following remarks from CEO Russ Schleiden and his daughter, Jeanine Watson, the Centre County Commissioners on Tuesday endorsed the plan to make the natural wonder Pennsylvania’s 126th state park.

“This has been a very difficult decision for us,” said Schleiden. “But we feel that it’s a very important part of, not only Centre County, but the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and that it should be preserved in perpetuity.”

The Schleiden family has spent decades as custodians of America’s only all-water, limestone cavern, working to expand and conserve Penn’s Cave, which contains the headwaters of Penn’s Creek. To ensure the 1,400 acres of land and its waters are around for generations to come, the family is petitioning the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) to designate the Penn’s Cave estate a state park and take over its stewardship.

The proposed transfer includes the cavern, Cave House, surrounding land and waterways, five homes and several barns. Watson said the family has been working toward the proposal for three years.

“I know the state, DCNR, has wonderful plans and visions for enhancing it and taking it to that next level beyond what we could do,” she said.

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Penn’s Creek, which starts in the cavern, flows 34 miles to Selinsgrove where it joins the Susquehanna River Basin before emptying into the Chesapeake. The state has made significant investments in protecting those waters, and the proposed transition would expand that work.

“The tributaries also support the native brook trout,” said Schleiden, naming specifically Little Poe and Big Poe creeks, which are known for their fishing.

Penn’s Cave, he said, has always been supportive of “wildlife for everyone.”

With the commissioners’ help, Penn’s Cave and Wildlife Park has invested $2 million into the local wetlands, protecting local fauna while improving the area’s accessibility. Schleiden said transferring ownership to the state would ensure that mission remains central to the property.

“We strongly desire this to go to the state to protect and continue to conserve, and have it available to the public,” Watson said.

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The property also carries historical significance. Penn’s Cave and Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1978 for its local importance.

The Cave House, or hotel, was built in 1885 by the Long family, who first commercialized the cavern. At the time, visitors traversed the cave by boat using lanterns. That changed in 1927, when the Campbell family, who emigrated from Scotland to the land, electrified the cave.

“It probably had electricity before more than most of the local residents,” Schleiden said.

State Rep. Kerry Benninghoff, who helped coordinate with the state on the proposed transition, also joined the commissioners for the discussion.

Benninghoff said the move would require the endorsement of the governor and both chambers of the General Assembly. The governor is aware of the plan and visited the site last year, and Benninghoff said he has drafted legislation outlining the mechanics of the transition.

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“I can’t think of a better time in our country and our county’s history, at the semiquincentennial, to make this a reality,” he said. “If you want to look at Americana in its best, the park I think exemplifies that.”

“In the long run, I think this is a tremendous investment for the commonwealth,” Benninghoff said, noting the transition would not be easy but the commissioners’ endorsement could help move the project forward during this budget cycle.

The proposal also carries potential economic benefits for the region.

Penn’s Cave and Wildlife Park already attracts visitors from all 50 states and several countries. During its peak season, the park employs dozens of local community members. The attraction is a multigenerational employer in Gregg Township, providing jobs for members of the Schleiden family and their employees, many of whom are young adults and teens.

Transferring ownership to DCNR and becoming Pennsylvania’s 126th state park could increase tourism and economic engagement in the area, the owners said. State parks in rural communities often bring tourism dollars and expand employment opportunities as operations grow.

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Benninghoff said he could envision additional public amenities, including a campground, while emphasizing the property would remain accessible.

“This is not going to be an exclusive property that no one can access,” she said. “It’s actually one we want more people to enjoy.”

The commissioners each praised the work Schleiden and Watson have done and expressed support for the state park designation, citing the conservation, education, historical, tourism and recreational benefits of the proposal.

“Penn’s Cave is a premier tourist attraction in Centre County,” said Commissioner Mark Higgins, who noted it is one of only a few caves accessible by boat worldwide. “With the trout in the water and the wild animals surrounding it in the wildlife park, it’s a really, really fun half-day attraction to visit.”

“It’s just irreplaceable,” he said.

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Commissioner Amber Concepcion called the property “an outstanding area of natural beauty” and added that it provides an opportunity for education and recreation.

“It’s a great place for kids to learn and for adults and people of all ages to spend a summer afternoon,” she said. “It would make a fantastic state park.”

Dershem called the opportunity “once in a lifetime” and said it would be a “crying shame” if the property were developed instead.

“This is an amazing opportunity for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to invest in a property that is literally irreplaceable, iconic to our region and unique. I don’t know that you’ll find anything quite like it,” Dershem said. “It’s an amazing place.”

Penn’s Cave, he added, “represents who we are in Centre County” and is “natural splendor at its best.”

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Benninghoff said their support will emphasize the urgency of completing the transition to state legislators.

“This endorsement by the county, visitors bureau and other people helps to emphasize that we’d really like to get this done, and time is of the essence,” he said. “People have been knocking on their door, wanting to purchase this land and break it all apart, and a lot of it would go into development.”



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60th annual Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts now underway in State College

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60th annual Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts now underway in State College


It was a strong opening day in State College for the 60th anniversary of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.

The festival kicked off with the traditional children’s day festivities.

Kids lined South Allen Street, displaying and selling their latest creations.

6 News spoke with one of the young businessmen there — Trevor Winterich — who was busy with his 3D toys.

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On Thursday, the festival’s sidewalk sales open, featuring artists and performers from across the country.

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The festival will then wrap up on Sunday.



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