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Permanent Supportive Housing Spotlights Challenges After Homelessness

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Permanent Supportive Housing Spotlights Challenges After Homelessness

Meet the Staff

Marcos Gonzalez said his fashion makes his clients more open with him.

Thea Traff for The New York Times

Most Lenniger residents are assigned case managers who connect them to the resources that give supportive housing its name.

Mr. Mercado’s is Marcos Gonzalez, 31, athletic and personable, partial to braids and Gucci glasses. “When I first started working here, I was dressing very professionally, and I found out that it was actually intimidating a lot of my clients,” he said.

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Residents with more complex needs have been assigned to Phil Ricciardi, 33, the Lenniger’s social worker, a former cook, tall, laconic and Eeyore-like, given to pronouncements like “This is my favorite job, but only because the others were so bad.” (Like many social service providers, the Lenniger sees a fair degree of turnover. Several staff members, including Mr. Ricciardi, left during the reporting of this story.)

Phil Ricciardi makes calls from his ground-floor cubicle.

Thea Traff for The New York Times

One morning in March, Mr. Ricciardi called a client and left a message: “Are you going to be coming downstairs, Diane? I believe the psychiatrist is still here. OK. Please come soon.”

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Hours later, Diane Covington, 63 and gaunt, wearing an orange hoodie under a fur-collared parka, met him in the conference room. She had two goals: overcoming a decades-long heroin and crack addiction, and getting treatment for H.I.V.

Mr. Ricciardi meets with Diane Covington.

Thea Traff for The New York Times

“It’s not so much the addiction, it’s the illness that has me at this point,” she said. “I’m nothing now. I really want to go and get myself together. I’ll do a detox, 90 days.”

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Mr. Ricciardi suggested St. Barnabas Hospital nearby, where another client had been connected to a roster of doctors.

“St. Barnabas,” she mused. “They don’t provide individuals the real energy of care.” Besides, she said, she wanted to move out of the rough neighborhood.

“If you want to move,” Mr. Ricciardi said bluntly, “it would be very helpful if they see that you actually are paying your rent.” One in five supportive housing tenants at the Lenniger is behind on rent, though no one has been evicted since 2017.

Ms. Covington reluctantly agreed to go.

Ms. Covington promised she would see him in the morning. After she left, Mr. Ricciardi predicted she would not show. “I’ve known her for two years, and it’s been this maybe 50 times.”

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Thea Traff for The New York Times

He knocked on her door early the next day. “I’m getting ready,” she called out.

Another caseworker, Irma Mendez, stopped by for a pep talk. Ms. Covington was not her client, but Ms. Mendez had lost her own mother to AIDS decades ago. “I told her, ‘You’re a survivor,’” Ms. Mendez said.

But two hours later, Ms. Covington had not come.

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Lenniger staff members said they did what they could without much leverage.

“You try to guide them and navigate them to making more beneficial decisions,” Mr. Gonzalez said, “but ultimately they’re the captain of their own ship.”

A Party in the Basement

Thea Traff for The New York Times

On the rainy afternoon before Good Friday, the Lenniger hosted an Easter party in the basement’s windowless multipurpose room. The ’90s R&B hit “This Is How We Do It” blasted while two grave-looking adults in bunny suits handed out decorating supplies.

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Demi Sarita’s 2-year-old son drew on an egg with a marker. Ms. Sarita, 26 at the time, said she had moved from Florida, where she lived in her car, in part for New York’s superior social safety net.

Demi Sarita with her son Kendrick Clarke at the building’s Easter party.

Thea Traff for The New York Times

Ms. Sarita, who has bipolar disorder, spent three years in a family shelter before landing at the Lenniger, where she had another son.

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She said her life was coming together. She was studying to be a radiology technician. “I’m just using this as a steppingstone,” she said.

Thea Traff for The New York Times

A few weeks later, she was feeling buoyant, but “a little out of it” — she had just started on lithium. She had also taken a job at a nearby Smashburger.

Ms. Sarita did not stay long at Smashburger. The Lenniger said that she was no longer working there but was doing “OK.”

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New York

They Witness Deaths on the Tracks and Then Struggle to Get Help

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They Witness Deaths on the Tracks and Then Struggle to Get Help

‘Part of the job’

Edwin Guity was at the controls of a southbound D train last December, rolling through the Bronx, when suddenly someone was on the tracks in front of him.

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He jammed on the emergency brake, but it was too late. The man had gone under the wheels.

Stumbling over words, Mr. Guity radioed the dispatcher and then did what the rules require of every train operator involved in such an incident. He got out of the cab and went looking for the person he had struck.

“I didn’t want to do it,” Mr. Guity said later. “But this is a part of the job.”

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He found the man pinned beneath the third car. Paramedics pulled him out, but the man died at the hospital. After that, Mr. Guity wrestled with what to do next.

A 32-year-old who had once lived in a family shelter with his parents, he viewed the job as paying well and offering a rare chance at upward mobility. It also helped cover the costs of his family’s groceries and rent in the three-bedroom apartment they shared in Brooklyn.

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But striking the man with the train had shaken him more than perhaps any other experience in his life, and the idea of returning to work left him feeling paralyzed.

Edwin Guity was prescribed exposure therapy after his train struck a man on the tracks.

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Hundreds of train operators have found themselves in Mr. Guity’s position over the years.

And for just as long, there has been a path through the state workers’ compensation program to receiving substantive treatment to help them cope. But New York’s train operators say that their employer, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, has done too little to make them aware of that option.

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After Mr. Guity’s incident, no official told him of that type of assistance, he said. Instead, they gave him the option of going back to work right away.

But Mr. Guity was lucky. He had a friend who had been through the same experience and who coached him on getting help — first through a six-week program and then, with the assistance of a lawyer, through an experienced specialist.

The specialist prescribed a six-month exposure therapy program to gradually reintroduce Mr. Guity to the subway.

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His first day back at the controls of a passenger train was on Thanksgiving. Once again, he was driving on the D line — the same route he had been traveling on the day of the fatal accident.

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Mr. Guity helps care for his 93-year-old grandmother, Juanita Guity.

M.T.A. representatives insisted that New York train operators involved in strikes are made aware of all options for getting treatment, but they declined to answer specific questions about how the agency ensures that drivers get the help they need.

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In an interview, the president of the M.T.A. division that runs the subway, Demetrius Crichlow, said all train operators are fully briefed on the resources available to them during their job orientation.

“I really have faith in our process,” Mr. Crichlow said.

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Still, other transit systems — all of which are smaller than New York’s — appear to do a better job of ensuring that operators like Mr. Guity take advantage of the services available to them, according to records and interviews.

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An Uptick in Subway Strikes

A Times analysis shows that the incidents were on the rise in New York City’s system even as they were falling in all other American transit systems.

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Source: Federal Transit Administration.

Note: Transit agencies report “Major Safety and Security Events” to the F.T.A.’s National Transit Database. The Times’s counts include incidents categorized as rail collisions with persons, plus assaults, homicides and attempted suicides with event descriptions mentioning a train strike. For assaults, The Times used an artificial intelligence model to identify relevant descriptions and then manually reviewed the results.

Bianca Pallaro/The New York Times

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San Francisco’s system provides 24-hour access to licensed therapists through a third-party provider.

Los Angeles proactively reaches out to its operators on a regular basis to remind them of workers’ compensation options and other resources.

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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority has made it a goal to increase engagement with its employee assistance program.

The M.T.A. says it offers some version of most of these services.

But in interviews with more than two dozen subway operators who have been involved in train strikes, only one said he was aware of all those resources, and state records suggest most drivers of trains that strike people are not taking full advantage of them.

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“It’s the M.T.A.’s responsibility to assist the employee both mentally and physically after these horrific events occur,” the president of the union that represents New York City transit workers, John V. Chiarello, said in a statement, “but it is a constant struggle trying to get the M.T.A. to do the right thing.”

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New York

Video: Protesters Arrested After Trying to Block a Possible ICE Raid

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Video: Protesters Arrested After Trying to Block a Possible ICE Raid

new video loaded: Protesters Arrested After Trying to Block a Possible ICE Raid

transcript

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Protesters Arrested After Trying to Block a Possible ICE Raid

Nearly 200 protesters tried to block federal agents from leaving a parking garage in Lower Manhattan on Saturday. The confrontation appeared to prevent a possible ICE raid nearby, and led to violent clashes between the police and protesters.

[chanting] “ICE out of New York.”

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Nearly 200 protesters tried to block federal agents from leaving a parking garage in Lower Manhattan on Saturday. The confrontation appeared to prevent a possible ICE raid nearby, and led to violent clashes between the police and protesters.

By Jorge Mitssunaga

November 30, 2025

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New York

Video: New York City’s Next Super Storm

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Video: New York City’s Next Super Storm

new video loaded: New York City’s Next Super Storm

What’s a worst-case scenario for hurricane flooding in New York City? Our reporter Hilary Howard, who covers the environment in the region, explores how bad it could get as climate change powers increasingly extreme rainfall and devastating storm surges.

By Hilary Howard, Gabriel Blanco, Stephanie Swart and K.K. Rebecca Lai

November 26, 2025

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