“It’s not glamorous,” said Stoneham Fire Chief Matthew Grafton. “It’s hard work.”
On a recent muggy Thursday afternoon, the Stoneham dive team gathered for a drill at nearby Spot Pond. They arrived in two trucks, two cruisers, and a fire engine. “No Swimming” signs marked the trees by the still water, with brightly colored kayaks visible in the distance. The team unloaded packs upon packs of gear, carrying suits, weights, rope, air tanks, and metal fold-out benches to assist with prep.
The Stoneham team does quarterly trainings to practice the entire diving process, from suiting up with gear to conducting searches in the water.
Though the divers are the ones in the water, it’s the firefighters on land who direct the divers and control the line of rope to determine how deep or far out they go. As diver Jack Sullivan practiced a side-to-side search pattern, firefighter William King controlled the rope, and firefighter Mike Coughlin communicated with Jack using a headset.
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The dive teams have advanced equipment that can weigh between 40 and 70 pounds, which is important to let the divers sink deep in the water. When searching for swimmers, divers can go as deep as 10 to 15 feet. When searching for divers, who may have drowned due to a medical emergency, they can go as low as 70 feet, according to Beverly Fire Captain Arthur Fitzpatrick.
During a rescue, every minute counts. In the 78-degree water they worked in during their drill, a rescue would likely need to happen within the hour, but survival chances vary due to factors including age, health, water temperature, and length of submersion. After five minutes of submersion,chances of a rescue dim, said Dr. Michael Flaherty, a pediatric critical care physician and director of the Trauma & Injury Prevention Outreach Program at Mass General for Children.
With those long odds, most dive-team missions end with the recovery of a body. Of the 22 incidents the Massachusetts State Police Dive Team has responded to this year, 12 bodies were recovered, three washed up weeks to months later, four have not been located, and three were found alive the next day or week, according to a State Police spokesperson.
Once in recovery mode, the team works to return the body to help provide closure for the family.
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Water Safety Tips
When swimming
Wear a lifejacket if you can’t swim.
Go with a buddy.
Stay within the swimming zones.
Don’t swim if there’s no lifeguard present.
Don’t swim intoxicated.
If someone is drowning
Know what to look for: Some people imagine that a drowning will be easy to notice, with yelling and flailing, but drowning is usually quiet and unnoticeable until someone realizes they haven’t seen the person in a while.
Call 911 right away.
If you’re on land, stay in place so that when the dive team arrives, you can give them an accurate idea of where you last saw the person. That’s where they’ll start their search.
SOURCE: Stoneham Fire Department
Stoneham’s dive team has been around since the 1980s, but they’ve been more active in recent years as they’re now better equipped to respond to emergencies. Of the 42 personnel at the department, 10 are firefighters who are also certified divers. The bags of diving equipment at the station are packed and ready to go in case of an emergency.
Dive teams are largely volunteer-based, meaning that they are firefighters who have opted to undergo the training and certification to become divers for the team. Though they receive many calls throughout the year, only several of those calls end up with divers in the water searching for a swimmer, said Grafton.
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Diving in the waters of Massachusetts isn’t as glamorous as recreational diving somewhere closer to the Earth’s equator. The bodies of water here, especially lakes and ponds, can be full of illegally dumped junk like grocery carts, bicycles, and even cars. And the water is murky: “You can’t even see your hand in front of you,” Grafton said.
The mental toll of rescue diving is eased by the tight-knit bond of the team and the strong communication between its members, but it can feel dangerous nonetheless.
“It’s not something you do all the time, so you have to mentally prepare for it,” said Fitzpatrick. “You can try to escape a burning house, but underwater, there can be 60 feet of water above you.”
While another Stoneham diverwas continuing his training in the water at Spot Pond in Stoneham, the firefighters’ personal radios alerted them to an incident in Wakefield where a family had fallen into the water.
Immediately, the team sprang into action, not bothering to take off their diving suits in case they needed to quickly get into the water at the next site. They packed their gear, zipped up supplies, and threw them into the trunks. In just a couple of minutes, the diving station that had taken at least ten minutes to set up was packed away.
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Then the radio chirped again, updating them that the family had been wearing life jackets and were safe. Shoulders relaxed with relief and chuckles went around.
“It wouldn’t be the first time,” said Sullivan, one of the divers who had been training in the water.
“Doesn’t surprise me,” agreed firefighter Michael Labriola, who serves as the dive team’s coordinator.
And indeed, later that same day, the team was called to respond to an unconfirmed report of a missing swimmer at Wright’s Pond in Medford, but after numerous passes through the water by Stoneham and State Police dive teams, it turned out to be a false alarm.
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Sarah Raza can be reached at sarah.raza@globe.com. Follow her @sarahmraza.
Tech startups based in Massachusetts finished 2024 with a buzz of activity in venture capital fundraising.
In the fourth quarter, 191 startups raised a total of $4.1 billion, 20 percent more than startups raised in the same period a year earlier, according to a report from research firm Pitchbook and the National Venture Capital Association. For the full year, local startups raised $15.7 billion, about the same as in 2023.
The stability ended two years of sharp declines from the peak of startup fundraising in 2021. Slowing e-commerce sales, volatility in tech stock prices, and higher interest rates combined to slam the brakes on startup VC activity over the past three years. The 2024 total is less half the $34.7 billion Massachusetts startups raised in 2021.
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But local startup investors have expressed optimism that VC backing will continue to pick up in 2025.
The fourth quarter’s activity was led by battery maker Form Energy’s $455 million deal and biotech obesity drugmaker Kailera Therapeutics’ $400 million deal, both in October, and MIT spinoff Liquid AI’s $250 million deal last month. Two more biotech VC deals in October rounded out the top five. Seaport Therapeutics, working on new antidepressants, raised $226 million and Alpha-9 Oncology, developing new treatments for cancer patients, raised $175 million.
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Massachusetts ranked third in the country in VC activity in the quarter. Startups based in California raised $49.9 billion and New York-based companies raised $5.3 billion.
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Venture capital firms, however, had an even harder time raising money in 2024 compared to earlier years. Massachusetts firms raised $5.9 billion, down 7 percent from 2023 and the lowest total since 2018. That mirrored the national trend, as VC firms across the country raised $76.1 billion, down 22 percent from 2023 and the lowest since 2019.
Only one Massachusetts-based VC firm raised more than $1 billion in 2024, a more common occurrence in prior years, according to the report: Flagship Pioneering in Cambridge raised $2.6 billion in July for its eighth investment fund plus another $1 billion for smaller funds. The firm, founded by biotech entrepreneur Noubar Afeyan, helps develop scientific research for startups in addition to providing funding.
The next largest deals were Cambridge-based Atlas Ventures’ $450 million biotech-focused fund announced last month and Engine Ventures $400 million fund investing in climate tech startups announced in June.
The decline comes as VC firms have had trouble getting a return on their investments, because so few startups have been able to go public. Just six biotech companies based in Massachusetts and no tech companies went public last year.
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Aaron Pressman can be reached at aaron.pressman@globe.com. Follow him @ampressman.
The Healey administration filed emergency regulations late Tuesday afternoon to implement the controversial law meant to spur greater housing production, after Massachusetts’ highest court struck down the last pass at drafting those rules.
The Supreme Judicial Court upheld the MBTA Communities Act as a constitutional law last week, but said it was “ineffective” until the governor’s Executive Office of Housing and Livable Communities promulgated new guidelines. The court said EOHLC did not follow state law when creating the regulations the first time around, rendering them “presently unenforceable.”
The emergency regulations filed Tuesday are in effect for 90 days. Over the next three months, EOHLC intends to adopt permanent guidelines following a public comment period, before the expiration of the temporary procedures, a release from the office said.
“The emergency regulations do not substantively change the law’s zoning requirements and do not affect any determinations of compliance that have been already issued by EOHLC. The regulations do provide additional time for MBTA communities that failed to meet prior deadlines to come into compliance with the law,” the press release said.
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Massachusetts’ Supreme Judicial Court ruled that the state’s attorney general has the power to enforce the MBTA Communities Law, which requires communities near MBTA services to zone for more multifamily housing, but it also ruled that existing guidelines aren’t enforceable.
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The MBTA Communities Act requires 177 municipalities that host or are adjacent to MBTA service to zone for multifamily housing by right in at least one district.
Cities and towns are classified in one of four categories, and there were different compliance deadlines in the original regulations promulgated by EOHLC: host to rapid transit service (deadline of Dec. 31, 2023), host to commuter rail service (deadline of Dec. 31, 2024), adjacent community (deadline of Dec. 31, 2024) and adjacent small town (deadline of Dec. 31, 2025).
Under the emergency regulations, communities that did not meet prior deadlines must submit a new action plan to the state with a plan to comply with the law by 11:59 p.m. on Feb. 13, 2025. These communities will then have until July 14, 2025, to submit a district compliance application to the state.
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Communities designated as adjacent small towns still face the Dec. 31, 2025 deadline to adopt compliant zoning.
The town of Needham voted Tuesday on a special referendum over whether to re-zone the town for 3,000 more units of housing under Massachusetts’ MBTA Communities law.
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Like the old version of the guidelines, the new emergency regulations gives EOHLC the right to determine whether a city or town’s zoning provisions to allow for multi-family housing as of right are consistent with certain affordability requirements, and to determine what is a “reasonable size” for the multi-family zoning district.
The filing of emergency regulations comes six days after the SJC decision — though later than the governor’s office originally projected. Healey originally said her team would move to craft new regulations by the end of last week to plug the gap opened up by the ruling.
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“These regulations will allow us to continue moving forward with implementation of the MBTA Communities Law, which will increase housing production and lower costs across the state,” Healey said in a statement Tuesday. “These regulations allow communities more time to come into compliance with the law, and we are committed to working with them to advance zoning plans that fit their unique needs.”
A total of 116 communities out of the 177 subject to the law have already adopted multi-family zoning districts to comply with the MBTA Communities Act, according to EOHLC.
A Revere city councilor says the state’s right-to-shelter law is a “perfect example” of how “woke” ideologies are harmful, as he addressed the arrest of a migrant who allegedly had an AR-15 and 10 pounds of fentanyl at a local hotel.