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Florida reefs are in trouble. Could the answer lie in coral from the Caribbean?

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Florida reefs are in trouble. Could the answer lie in coral from the Caribbean?

Cailyn Joseph, a PhD student in Andrew Baker’s lab, organizes brain and elkhorn coral in Honduras before the trip to Miami.

University of Miami Rosenstiel School


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University of Miami Rosenstiel School

MIAMI — Off the northern coast of Honduras, thick stands of endangered elkhorn coral have mysteriously defied warming oceans fueled by climate change to blanket the reef with healthy, cocoa-brown colonies branching toward the water’s surface like antlers.

Reefs near the small colonial town of Tela have more than three times the amount of live coral found elsewhere across the Caribbean.

Now scientists at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School hope to unlock that secret and crossbreed the sturdier coral with Florida elkhorn as they work to buy more time for a shrinking reef battered by rising ocean temperatures and disease.

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Brain coral, left, and endangered elkhorn coral on a reef near Tela, Honduras, grow in water where temperatures hover around 88 degrees.

Brain coral, left, and endangered elkhorn coral on a reef near Tela, Honduras, grow in water where temperatures hover around 88 degrees.

University of Miami Rosenstiel School


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“Usually we associate reefs with crystal clear water and lovely temperatures. These are rough, tough reefs,” said Andrew Baker, a Rosenstiel coral biologist leading the research. “There are enormous stands of elkhorn corals and great coverage of other corals. It’s kind of a mystery why the corals are doing so well.”

In Florida, and around the planet, oceans absorb more than 90%of additional heat trapped by greenhouse gas. The extra heat is decimating reefs. Record heat last year triggered a global bleaching event, marking the second in just a decade. In Florida last summer, coral turned a ghostly white when a blistering heat wave caused them to spit out their life-sustaining algae and bleach.

Rising ocean temperatures around the planet are endangering coral reefs, that bleach when water remains hot for too long. But near Tela, on the northern coast of Honduras, coral are thriving in hotter, more turbid water. Scientists hope to breed them with Florida coral to produce more resilient offspring.

Rising ocean temperatures around the planet are endangering coral reefs, that bleach when water remains hot for too long. But near Tela, on the northern coast of Honduras, coral are thriving in hotter, more turbid water. Scientists hope to breed them with Florida coral to produce more resilient offspring.

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With waters around the state hitting record highs again this summer, Baker and a team of students flew to Honduras in May to scout out what he hopes could become the parents of new, more resilient Florida coral.

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At 4 a.m. one June morning they rose to be on the reef at daylight to collect the coral. Once packed in wet paper towels and sealed in bubble wrap, Baker and his team loaded the coral into six couch-sized coolers to be whisked back to Miami aboard a donated Amerijet cargo flight.

Fabrizio Conejo, a PhD student in Andrew Baker's lab, takes notes on elkhorn found on a Honduran reef.

Fabrizio Conejo, a PhD student in Andrew Baker’s lab, takes notes on elkhorn found on a Honduran reef.

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University of Miami Rosenstiel School

“It’s been a long day,” Baker said 14 hours later, standing on the tarmac at Miami International Airport waiting to clear customs as the evening sun turned the sky pink.

Baker’s biggest worry was temperature. Pilots set the cabin temperature to 77 degrees. But 14 hours is a long time, even for sturdy coral. Baker was confident the two species of brain coral would survive the trip, but he was less certain about the elkhorn.

Andrew Baker, left, removes coral from a reef near Tela, Honduras. Healthy elkhorn coral, right, are critically endangered around the world.

Andrew Baker, left, removes coral from a reef near Tela, Honduras. Healthy elkhorn coral, right, are critically endangered around the world.

University of Miami Rosenstiel School

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“For those elkhorn corals, the ones we’re actually most interested in, they are notorious for not traveling well,” Baker said.

Amerijet workers have shipped whales, dolphins, and even giraffes in the spacious Boeing 767 freighter jets but never coral. They quickly ferried the coolers through a warehouse as big as six football fields to a waiting truck for the half-hour drive to tanks outside Baker’s lab alongside Biscayne Bay.

A forklift at Miami International Airport moves coolers containing elkhorn and brain coral shipped to Miami from Honduras in June.

A forklift at Miami International Airport moves coolers containing elkhorn and brain coral shipped to Miami from Honduras in June.

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Clouds of mosquitoes mobilized as the students and Baker unloaded the coolers for the moment of truth.

“All right, here we go,” Baker said as he cracked open the first cooler. “There’s that smell.”

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A sweet salty scent, like sea scallops, wafted out, signaling they’d survived being packed in a cooler for hours, bumped around on forklifts and jostled by airport workers.

Within a day, after most had acclimated to their new home, the coral were moved from the outdoor raceway tanks to an indoor spawning facility. Altogether 37 colonies of elkhorn and brain coral made the journey. To improve the chances for success, Baker gave seven elkhorn to the Florida Aquarium where scientists have been successfully breeding coral.

Coral Reef Futures Lab Manager Cameron McMath places places elkhorn coral into an outdoor runway tank to get acclimated after the trip from Honduras.

Coral Reef Futures Lab Manager Cameron McMath places places elkhorn coral into an outdoor runway tank to get acclimated after the trip from Honduras.

Diana Udel/University of Miami Rosenstiel School

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Diana Udel/University of Miami Rosenstiel School

This is the first time coral have been brought into the U.S. to attempt breeding more resilient babies, Baker said. The idea of using foreign coral to do this has raised concern over mixing genetics. Still the concerns don’t outweigh what’s at stake: Elkhorn that once blanketed Florida reefs have nearly disappeared in the state. What remains was hit hard by last summer’s heat wave.

It took a year just to obtain permits to bring the coral into the U.S. , Baker said. If he succeeds at breeding them, he’ll need to secure more state and federal permits to plant them on Florida’s reef. Baker hopes to have the coral spawn in July or August, when Florida coral typically spawn. He can then cross-breed them and have babies growing while he works through the permitting process.

Baker ultimately hopes he can fasttrack an evolutionary process now being outpaced by climate change.

“We can’t just wait for that solution to be ready and then think, ‘Okay, now what do we know now?’ What do we do to save these ecosystems?” he said. “We’ve got to work now, to have something left to save by the time we fix this bigger problem of climate change.”

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In Nevada, Trump’s policies are making things tough for Republican Gov. Joe Lombardo

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In Nevada, Trump’s policies are making things tough for Republican Gov. Joe Lombardo

Democratic Attorney General Aaron Ford, left, will face Republican Gov. Joe Lombardo, right, in Nevada’s race for governor this November.

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Charles Krupa/AP, Ethan Miller/Getty Images

RENO, Nev. — The stage is set for what could be one of the most closely watched gubernatorial elections in the country. According to a race call by The Associated Press, Democratic voters in Nevada have selected two-time state Attorney General Aaron Ford as their party’s nominee to challenge incumbent Republican Gov. Joe Lombardo.

Ford, who was elected as the state’s AG in 2018, defeated five other Democrats to claim the nomination. He focused his primary campaign on Lombardo, pointing to the rising cost of groceries, gas, housing and healthcare as failures of the one-term governor.

He’s also done everything he can to tie Lombardo to President Trump, who endorsed Lombardo and who has seen his popularity decline since winning the state by 3 points two years ago. That’s setting up a tough race for Lombardo. The Cook Political Report, which tracks elections, rates the race a toss-up.

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Lombardo faced six primary challengers of his own, but sailed to victory Tuesday night. That was thanks in part to his relative success in the state legislature, despite Democratic majorities in both chambers. Among his top accomplishments are a bipartisan bill that looked to hold school districts more accountable, tightening criminal justice reforms enacted after George Floyd’s killing in 2020, and efforts to make housing more attainable. He also helped secure a public financing deal for a new stadium for Major League Baseball’s A’s, formerly of Oakland.

The governor has secured a sizeable war chest heading into the general election, but money alone isn’t enough to carry an election in the Silver State. Messaging and voter contact matter, and that’s where Ford may have an advantage. The state’s incredibly powerful Culinary Union, which represents hospitality workers across Nevada, officially endorsed Ford last month. The union, which claims as many as 60,000 members in Nevada alone, has become a voter turnout machine. It has integrated polling sites into casinos and resorts dedicated to hospitality workers.

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A warm World Cup welcome? U.S. immigration policies have chilling effect

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A warm World Cup welcome? U.S. immigration policies have chilling effect

Media members tour the locker rooms at Kansas City Stadium ahead of the FIFA World Cup 2026 on June 8 in Kansas City, Mo.

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President Trump’s restrictive immigration policies are already impacting this year’s 2026 FIFA World Cup.

At least one referee from Somalia and one Iraqi team staff member were denied entry at U.S. airports in recent days, and dozens of fans from countries such as Morocco have been denied travel visas, despite being ticket holders.

“I view the 2026 World Cup as a massive paradox,” said Jules Boykoff, a professor and the author of Red Card: The 2026 World Cup, Sportswashing and the FIFA Greed Machine. “On one hand, it has more teams than ever participating. On the other hand, because of the policies of the Trump administration, it looks more like a World Cup of exclusion than inclusion.”

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Boykoff, who is also a former professional soccer player, told NPR he worries the restrictive immigration policies also will shape the experience of fans in the U.S., who might be anxious about potential tense interactions with immigration agents outside of stadiums.

Boykoff’s concerns echo those of other policy experts and soccer fans who for months have warned about the influence of President Trump’s immigration policies on the tournament.

The White House did not respond to NPR’s request for comment.

In a statement to NPR, Customs and Border Protection said “all travelers seeking entry into the United States, including athletes, coaches, and staff, are subject to CBP inspection and vetting.”

The agency said “admissibility determinations are made on a case-by-case basis using law enforcement, national security, and immigration information available at the time of inspection.”

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Denied entry to the U.S.

There are 39 countries who are under either a full or partial U.S. travel ban. For 19 of those countries, the State Department has suspended issuing all visas. The Trump administration has said the move is to “ensure that individuals approved for a visa do not endanger national security or public safety.”

Four countries in those lists — Iran, Haiti, Côte d’Ivoire, and Senegal — are expected to play in the World Cup.

On Saturday, decorated FIFA World Cup referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan, of Somalia, was denied entry to the U.S. after landing at the Miami International Airport.

In a statement, CBP said Artan was “determined to be inadmissible due to vetting concerns and was denied entry.” CBP did not say what concerns were.

Andrew Giuliani, the executive director of the White House Task Force for the World Cup, said Tuesday the denial was “for very good reasons,” but he didn’t provide any further explanation.

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Artan did not respond to NPR’s request for comment.

Meanwhile, a player for Team Iraq was questioned for hours at Chicago O’Hare International Airport. He was allowed into the U.S., but a photographer for the team was denied entry due to “vetting concerns,” CBP said.

David Niven, a University of Cincinnati professor who teaches a course on sports and politics, told NPR these immigration issues are a self-inflicted wound.

“When you insert politics into the competition, it’s no longer the competition it was,” Niven said. “In some ways (it’s) very tangibly when a referee is missing or a player is delayed.”

The team from Iran — a country at war with the U.S. and Israel — was forced to relocate its lodging to Mexico after the U.S. government said players and staff were banned from staying overnight.

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Visas for team members were approved last week, but more than a dozen support staff did not get approval, including Mehdi Taj, the president of the Iranian football federation.

In response to a social media post by U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Tom Barrack, the Iranian Embassy in Turkey said the U.S.’s conduct “violates FIFA regulations and breaches the United States’ host obligations.”

The Iranians also accused the U.S. of “politically biased interference in sport.”

“The U.S. government in practice is depriving Iran’s national team of its right to play in the World Cup under normal conditions and without undue pressure and stress,” the post on X said.

Fans face travel restrictions

Fans come from all over the world to attend the World Cup and cheer on their teams. Their chants and songs add to the excitement and vibrancy of the games.

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But some fans and policy experts worry this year’s tournament may lose some of that exuberance because of U.S. visa denials.

According to the Moroccan news website Hespress, more than 40 members of multiple Moroccan football team supporter associations have been denied visas to attend the tournament. Many had tickets to the games and hotel bookings.

Gianni Infantino, FIFA’s president, in 2025 pushed against what he called “misconceptions” and said “everyone will be welcome in Canada, Mexico and the United States for the FIFA World Cup next year,” and that the U.S. was committed to a smooth travel process, so fans from all over the world will be welcome.”

But in response to Artan being denied entry to the U.S., a spokesperson for FIFA distanced the organization from the immigration issues. “FIFA is not involved in host country immigration processes, including visa adjudications, and has been informed by authorities that Mr. Artan’s status will not be changed at present,” FIFA said in a statement to NPR. “In line with previous FIFA events, a host government ultimately determines who receives a visa and who is admitted into their country.

Niven called FIFA’s new position “striking.”

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“FIFA has raised the surrender flag on this question,” Niven said. “They’ve taken this situation and basically deferred to the United States and said the United States can do as they see fit.”

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Maine’s Senate race and much more. Here are the primary contests to watch today

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Maine’s Senate race and much more. Here are the primary contests to watch today

Voting stickers are displayed on a table at a polling place inside City Hall, Tuesday, Nov. 5, 2024, in Las Vegas.

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Today’s primary contests stretch from Maine to North Dakota, South Carolina and Nevada, where voters will decide on races for the U.S. Senate, House, governor and more.

A lot is riding on the Senate race in Maine, where political newcomer Graham Platner, facing a series of controversies, is the presumptive Democratic nominee to take on Republican Sen. Susan Collins, who has had the job for 30 years.

Another Republican incumbent, Nevada’s Gov. Joe Lombardo, is facing a tough challenge in November.

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And in a field of MAGA-devoted Republicans in South Carolina, Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette was the one to grab President Trump’s endorsement in the race for governor.

Here, reporters from the NPR network tell us about the key races to watch.

Maine U.S. Senate seat | Maine’s 2nd Congressional District | Maine governor | Nevada governor | South Carolina governor

You can also check out voter resources for the June 9 primaries from the NPR network.

Maine’s primary winners will set up crucial November races

Kevin Miller and Steve Mistler, Maine Public 

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Maine’s U.S. Senate seat

If Democrats want control of the U.S. come November, they almost certainly need to take five-term Republican Sen. Collins’ seat in Maine.

The outcome of the pivotal race could hinge on whether voters value Collins’ clout and ability to secure federal dollars over Democratic insurgent Platner’s call to upend a political system he says is rigged against working-class Americans.

The first-time Democratic candidate has so far run a barnstorming campaign that’s already pushed his Democratic rival, Gov. Janet Mills, out of the race.

After recent accusations published by The New York Times that he was physically threatening in a past relationship, and previous revelations that he sexted with several women early in his marriage, some are wondering if he still has enough support to flip the seat in November. In an interview with Maine Public, Platner denied the accusations.

Maine’s 2nd Congressional District

In a district that has voted for Trump three times, four Democrats are vying to replace retiring Democratic Rep. Jared Golden. Whoever wins the primary will face former Republican Gov. Paul LePage in the fall.

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The Democratic nominee in this congressional district will offer a sense of what kind of candidates primary voters think can succeed in hard-to-win seats.

Maine’s governor

The race to replace term-limited Democratic Gov. Janet Mills is likely to go to a Democrat, according to an analysis by the Cook Political Report, but it’s still a question of who. There is a five-way Democratic race for the nomination, seven active candidates on the GOP side and both races have the potential to go to a ranked-choice runoff.

The affordable housing crisis, rising property taxes, access to health care and standing up to President Donald Trump have emerged as central themes in the primary contest.

Recent polls show former Maine CDC Director Dr. Nirav Shah in the lead, though former Maine Senate President Troy Jackson appears to be surging in popularity ahead of the ranked-choice primary election.

The presumptive frontrunner in the GOP contest is Bobby Charles, an attorney and former Navy intelligence officer.

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In November, State Sen. Rick Bennett will also be on the ballot running as an independent.

Nevada’s GOP governor faces a tough November

Paul Boger, Nevada Public Radio

Trump’s economic policies are so unpopular in Nevada that the incumbent governor, Republican Joe Lombardo, is facing what could be a tough November election. Cook rates the race as a toss-up, and the candidate who may have the best shot against Lombardo, former Clark County Sheriff, is the state’s top cop, Democratic Attorney General Aaron Ford.

With a sizeable war chest, Lombardo should sail through the primary. Still, it may not be enough in November to assuage Nevadans worried about increasing costs in a tourism-based economy that is welcoming fewer domestic and international visitors every month.

Ford’s path to the Democratic nomination isn’t guaranteed. He’s drawn criticism from Republicans for his extensive domestic and international travel as attorney general. And from his main Democratic opponent in the primary, Washoe County Commissioner Alexis Hill, for Ford’s support of data centers, which are an existential concern in the country’s driest state.

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The governor’s race in South Carolina tests Trump’s endorsement power

Gavin Jackson, South Carolina Public Radio

The crowded race for governor in South Carolina doesn’t have a clear frontrunner, even though the president has endorsed Republican Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette, a longtime supporter of his, in Tuesday’s primary.

Evette’s biggest challenger is another Trump enthusiast, four-term Attorney General Alan Wilson. Congresswoman Nancy Mace, who claims her vote for more transparency of the Epstein files cost her Trump’s endorsement, is also on the ballot. The race is widely expected to go to a runoff.

Three Democrats are vying for their party’s nomination: Columbia state Rep. Jermaine Johnson, Charleston lawyer Mullins McLeod and Greenville businessman Billy Webster.

After Trump lost his first primary endorsement race last week in Iowa, political watchers are sure to have a close eye on how votes shake out in South Carolina.

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Voter resources for the June 9 primaries from the NPR Network

Maine | Nevada | North Dakota | South Carolina

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