Wisconsin schools added thousands of staff despite enrollment falling

• Wisconsin public schools have seen a 9% drop in student enrollment since 2011 but a 7% increase in staffing.
• The decline in student population is largely attributed to the state’s falling birth rate since 2007.
• Despite fewer students, districts have hired more staff to address growing needs, like mental health and academic gaps.
• Financial strain from this trend may force districts to close schools, reduce staff or cut educational programs.

Wisconsin public schools are employing more staff despite serving about 80,000 fewer students than they did 16 years ago, according to a new report from the Wisconsin Policy Forum.

Since the 2010-11 school year, the number of students enrolled in the state’s public schools has fallen more than 9% to about 792,000 students this school year. Meanwhile, the number of staff in schools increased 7%, and the number of public schools decreased about 3%, the Policy Forum reported.

With state funding tied to student counts, enrollment declines put additional strain on district budgets. The Policy Forum warned “the cost pressures of increased staffing will grow” as districts seek to maintain their workforces with shrinking revenues.

Combined with other financial constraints, including growing student needs and revenue limits that haven’t kept up with inflation, “districts will likely face tough financial decisions around closing schools, reducing their workforce, or cutting educational programming,” the Policy Forum said.

Here are five takeaways from the report:

Elementary schools see biggest enrollment drop

Enrollment trends varied across Wisconsin. Students, schools and staff declined in urban school districts. In suburban districts, enrollment remained stable and staffing increased nearly 19% since 2011. Both town and rural districts lost students but expanded staff.

The Policy Forum attributed the enrollment loss to the state’s declining birth rate, which has continuously fallen since 2007.

Over the past 16 years, elementary school enrollment dropped about 16%, compared with nearly 9% in middle schools and about 8% in high schools, the organization reported.

Fewer schools but closures haven’t kept pace with enrollment decline

In response, some districts have closed or consolidated schools to reduce costs. The number of public schools in Wisconsin decreased from 2,202 schools in 2011 to 2,132 in 2026.

The number of elementary schools decreased 9%, and the number of high schools decreased nearly 6%, according to the Policy Forum. However, the number of standalone middle schools increased by about 7%, and schools serving both elementary and high school students – many of them charter schools – grew more than 150%.

Private schools in Wisconsin also declined more than 8% over the past 16 years.

Even so, the decline in the number of schools hasn’t kept pace with the loss of students. The Policy Forum said it’s hard for districts to close schools or cut staff because student losses are typically spread across grade levels and buildings.

“Staffing cuts and school closures are also unpopular and painful for districts and communities, leaving leaders with difficult decisions and tradeoffs,” the report said.

MPS is cutting some staff, but adding jobs, too

For Milwaukee Public Schools, where enrollment has long been on the decline, outside consultants have suggested permanently closing five schools on the city’s north side. Superintendent Brenda Cassellius has said she isn’t yet ready to recommend closing those schools but does eventually expect to call for closures over multiple years.

The district’s budget for the upcoming school year also includes more than 260 cuts to non-classroom staff positions, though it also adds more than 150 new paraprofessionals and 150 teachers.

Paraprofessionals and other aides added across Wisconsin

Across Wisconsin, the number of classroom teachers has grown by less than 1% since 2011, or about 470 additional full-time equivalent positions. Schools have also added the full-time equivalent of more than 3,360 paraprofessionals and program aides, a nearly 31% increase, according to the Policy Forum.

Overall, teachers and paraprofessionals in classrooms increased by more than 5%. The number of all other licensed staff members – including district administrators, principals, counselors, therapists and other school support staff – increased by the full-time equivalent of 1,849 positions, or nearly 16%.

No effective alternative, district leaders say

District leaders told the Wisconsin Policy Forum they have expanded staffing to address growing student needs, including mental health challenges, widening academic gaps and increased numbers of students who have disabilities or are English learners.

Still, “district leaders expressed frustration with employing more staff for fewer students, but said they have not found an effective alternative,” the report said.

With enrollment projected to continue falling, the Policy Forum said districts will likely keep relying on property tax referendums to maintain services and staffing levels. The organization said district leaders may also seek additional support from the state, and lawmakers have an opportunity to “consider how to best protect student learning during this demographic shift.”

Kayla Huynh covers K-12 education, teachers and solutions for the Journal Sentinel. Contact: khuynh@gannett.com. Follow her on X: @_kaylahuynh.

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