Health
As syphilis cases surge in the US, here’s what infectious disease experts want you to know
Syphilis is surging in the U.S., reaching the highest numbers in nearly 75 years.
Cases of the sexually transmitted disease (STD) rose 10% in 2022, reaching 203,500. The numbers have increased 68% since 2018, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Dr. Jarod Fox, an infectious disease specialist with Orlando Health, said there’s an “alarming trend” in STDs in general, and specifically syphilis, over the past decade.
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Fox News Digital talked to experts about potential reasons behind the spread, who’s at risk — and how to combat the infection.
Experts discussed the potential reasons behind the spread of syphilis, who’s at risk — and how to combat the infection. (iStock)
What’s behind the surge?
Dr. Bryan Dechairo, CEO of Sherlock Biosciences, a diagnostic testing provider in Massachusetts, calls the recent surge in syphilis cases a “multifaceted public health issue” that reflects “broader systemic challenges.”
“Most importantly, there are currently not enough people getting tested and there is insufficient access to testing, particularly among populations most at risk,” he told Fox News Digital.
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“Without newer, more accessible, accurate tests, people do not know they have an STI and are, therefore, more likely to transmit it to other individuals.”
Dechairo also named a decline in protected sex, particularly among younger people, as a factor in the increase.
“This trend is partly attributed to the success in HIV prevention and treatment, leading to a perception of reduced risk for sexually transmitted infections,” he said.
“Without newer, more accessible, accurate tests, people do not know they have an STI and are, therefore, more likely to transmit it to other individuals,” an expert told Fox News Digital. (iStock)
Also contributing to the spike is the reduction in sexual health services and professionals, according to Dechairo.
“This, combined with broader social and economic inequalities, has created a perfect storm for the resurgence of syphilis, particularly affecting marginalized communities,” he said.
“There are currently not enough people getting tested and there is insufficient access to testing.”
Fox of Orlando Health added that the rise in illicit drug use in the U.S. has also led to more risky sexual encounters and thus a higher risk of STIs.
“There has also been a rise in dating apps, and this makes it easier to expand an individual’s sexual network, making it easier for STIs to have a wider spread,” he told Fox News Digital.
Who is most at risk?
Most cases of syphilis affect men who have sex with men (MSM), according to the CDC.
Certain racial and ethnic groups are also at a higher risk, Dechairo said.
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“Black Americans and Native American/Alaska Natives, for instance, show higher rates of infection, likely due to systemic inequities in health care access,” he said.
To reduce infections among men who have sex with men, Dechairo emphasized the need for targeted public health interventions and education.
Symptoms and treatment
Syphilis can cause painless genital ulcers and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes in the early stages, on average three weeks after exposure, Fox noted.
These spontaneously heal in three to six weeks.
“These early symptoms can be missed and lead to delayed diagnosis,” he warned.
A rash on the palms and soles may develop after the initial ulcers have healed, said Fox. The infection can also have neurologic and vision-related effects.
This 1966 microscope photo made available by the CDC shows a tissue sample with the presence of numerous, corkscrew-shaped, darkly stained, Treponema pallidum spirochetes, the bacterium responsible for syphilis. (CDC)
The primary treatment for syphilis is intramuscular penicillin injections, with the number of injections based on whether it is an acute infection or late infection, Fox noted.
“There have been intermittent shortages of the penicillin, and so other treatments such as doxycycline may be used in some cases,” he said.
“Early symptoms can be missed and lead to delayed diagnosis.”
If left untreated, syphilis can progress through various stages with escalating severity, Dechairo warned.
“Initially, it may present as a painless sore, but without treatment, it can lead to severe health complications,” he said.
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“In its later stages, syphilis can cause damage to major organs, neurological issues, blindness and even death.”
In cases of congenital syphilis, the infection can also be passed from mother to child — which can result in miscarriage, stillbirth or severe birth defects, said Dechairo.
What needs to be done?
To reverse the upward trend in syphilis cases, Dechairo calls for a “comprehensive approach.”
Increased access to new types of testing — including home testing — is critical to slowing the spread of not only syphilis, but also all STDs, he said.
This is particularly important because people with one type of infection are more likely to have another concurrent infection.
Experts called for establishing more clinics and training more health care professionals to treat syphilis patients. (iStock)
“This is part of a broader sexual health education effort to promote safe sex practices and regular screenings, improve access to health care — especially in underserved areas — and increase public awareness to destigmatize STIs,” he told Fox News Digital.
The expert also called for establishing more clinics and training more health care professionals.
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“Additionally, targeted interventions focusing on high-risk groups and communities with high infection rates are essential,” Dechairo added.
This would include prenatal care to help prevent cases of congenital syphilis, he said.
Said Fox, “More public health funding is needed to better take care of the minority communities that have been disproportionately affected by syphilis as well as other diseases.”
And Dechario noted, “Through these multifaceted efforts, the rising tide of syphilis infections can be curbed, improving public health outcomes for all communities.”
For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health.
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Health
Punch the monkey, viral star, experiences dramatic breakthrough among zoo mates
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In a dramatic turn of events that’s captured the attention of animal lovers worldwide, Punch — the young macaque at a zoo in Japan famous for his inseparable bond with a stuffed orangutan toy — has reached a major milestone in his journey toward social integration.
On Thursday, visitors and staff at the Ichikawa Zoological and Botanical Garden witnessed a breakthrough: Punch was seen cuddling with and hitching a ride on the back of a fellow macaque.
Punch’s story began with hardship. He was abandoned by his mother shortly after his birth in July 2025 — and to ensure his survival, zookeepers stepped in to hand-rear the primate.
On Jan. 19, 2026, the zoo officially began the process of reintegrating Punch into the “monkey mountain” enclosure.
The transition was initially fraught with tension.
Punch’s story began with hardship when he was abandoned by his mother shortly after he was born. To help him, zookeepers gave him a stuffed toy that he began dragging around everywhere he went. (David Mareuil/Anadolu via Getty Images)
As a hand-reared infant, Punch was bullied and ignored by the established group of monkeys.
He was often seen huddled alone with his orange plush companion while the rest of the troop interacted.
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In an official statement released Feb. 27, the Ichikawa Zoological and Botanical Garden detailed the meticulous care behind this process.
Previous viral videos showed Punch bullied by the rest of the troop, running to his plushy toy for comfort. (David Mareuil/Anadolu via Getty Images)
“From an animal welfare perspective, our primary goal is to reintegrate Punch with the troop,” the zoo said.
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The strategy involved nursing Punch within the enclosure, so the troop could recognize him as one of their own, and pairing him with a gentle young female macaque prior to his full release to build his confidence.
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The latest footage, captured by X user @tate_gf, suggested the zoo’s patience is paying off.
The video shows Punch seeking physical contact not from his toy, but from another monkey — eventually climbing onto its back for a vital social behavior for young macaques: the “piggyback ride.”
The zoo’s strategy appears to be paying off: Punch, shown at far left, was recently seen riding on the back of a fellow macaque. (David Mareuil/Anadolu via Getty Images)
While Punch still carries his stuffed toy for comfort during moments of perceived danger, the zoo remains optimistic about his progress.
The organization cited the successful 2009 case of Otome, another hand-reared macaque who eventually outgrew her stuffed toy, successfully integrated — and went on to raise four offspring of her own.
The zoo has had crowds coming to see Punch, with hundreds of people lining up to get inside to see the young star, according to reports.
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“I’m hoping Punch has a good life like everybody else does, and think he’s a cute little guy,” one person commented online.
“Such a precious baby,” another person wrote.
Health
ChatGPT could miss your serious medical emergency, new study suggests
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This story discusses suicide. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, please contact the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 or 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
Artificial intelligence has been touted as a boon to healthcare, but a new study has revealed its potential shortcomings when it comes to giving medical advice.
In January, OpenAI launched ChatGPT Health, the medical-focused version of the popular chatbot tool.
The company introduced the tool as “a dedicated experience that securely brings your health information and ChatGPT’s intelligence together, to help you feel more informed, prepared and confident navigating your health.”
But researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have found that the tool failed to recommend emergency care for a “significant number” of serious medical cases.
The study, published in the journal Nature Medicine on Feb. 23, aimed to explore how ChatGPT Health — which is reported to have about 40 million users daily — handles situations where people are asking whether to seek emergency care.
Artificial intelligence has been touted as a boon to healthcare, but a new study has revealed its potential shortcomings when it comes to giving medical advice. (iStock)
“Right now, no independent body evaluates these products before they reach the public,” lead author Ashwin Ramaswamy, M.D., instructor of urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, told Fox News Digital.
“We wouldn’t accept that for a medication or a medical device, and we shouldn’t accept it for a product that tens of millions of people are using to make health decisions.”
Emergency scenarios
The team created 60 clinical scenarios across 21 medical specialties, ranging from minor conditions to true medical emergencies.
Three independent physicians then assigned an appropriate level of urgency for each case, based on published clinical practice guidelines in 56 medical societies.
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The researchers conducted 960 interactions with ChatGPT Health to see how the tool responded, taking into account gender, race, barriers to care and “social dynamics.”
While “clear-cut emergencies” — such as stroke or severe allergy — were generally handled well, the researchers found that the tool “under-triaged” many urgent medical issues.
The team created 60 clinical scenarios across 21 medical specialties, ranging from minor conditions to true medical emergencies. (iStock)
For example, in one asthma scenario, the system acknowledged that the patient was showing early signs of respiratory failure — but still recommended waiting instead of seeking emergency care.
“ChatGPT Health performs well in medium-severity cases, but fails at both ends of the spectrum — the cases where getting it right matters most,” Ramaswamy told Fox News Digital. “It under-triaged over half of genuine emergencies and over-triaged roughly two-thirds of mild cases that clinical guidelines say should be managed at home.”
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Under-triage can be life-threatening, the doctor noted, while over-triage can overwhelm emergency departments and delay care for those in real need.
Researchers also identified inconsistencies in suicide risk alerts. In some cases, it directed users to the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline in lower-risk scenarios, and in others, it failed to offer that recommendation even when a person discussed suicidal ideations.
“ChatGPT Health performs well in medium-severity cases, but fails at both ends of the spectrum.”
“The suicide guardrail failure was the most alarming,” study co-author Girish N. Nadkarni, M.D., chief AI officer of the Mount Sinai Health System, told Fox News Digital.
ChatGPT Health is designed to show a crisis intervention banner when someone describes thoughts of self-harm, the researcher noted.
OpenAI launched ChatGPT Health, the medical-focused version of the popular chatbot tool, in January 2026. (Gabby Jones/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
“We tested it with a 27-year-old patient who said he’d been thinking about taking a lot of pills,” Nadkarni said. “When he described his symptoms alone, the banner appeared 100% of the time. Then we added normal lab results — same patient, same words, same severity — and the banner vanished.”
“A safety feature that works perfectly in one context and completely fails in a nearly identical context … is a fundamental safety problem.”
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The researchers were also surprised by the social influence aspect.
“When a family member in the scenario said ‘it’s nothing serious’ — which happens all the time in real life — the system became nearly 12 times more likely to downplay the patient’s symptoms,” Nadkarni said. “Everyone has a spouse or parent who tells them they’re overreacting. The AI shouldn’t be agreeing with them during a potential emergency.”
Fox News Digital reached out to Open AI, creator of ChatGPT, requesting comment.
Physicians react
Dr. Marc Siegel, Fox News senior medical analyst, called the new study “important.”
“It underlines the principle that while large language models can triage clear-cut emergencies, they have much more trouble with nuanced situations,” Siegel, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
ChatGPT and other LLMs can be helpful tools, a doctor said, but they “should not be used to give medical direction.” (iStock)
“This is where doctors and clinical judgment come in — knowing the nuances of a patient’s history and how they report symptoms and their approach to health.”
ChatGPT and other LLMs can be helpful tools, Siegel said, but they “should not be used to give medical direction.”
“Machine learning and continued input of data can help, but will never compensate for the essential problem – human judgment is needed to decide whether something is a true emergency or not.”
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Dr. Harvey Castro, an emergency physician and AI expert in Texas, echoed the importance of the study, calling it “exactly the kind of independent safety evaluation we need.”
“Innovation moves fast. Oversight has to move just as fast,” Castro, who also did not work on the study, told Fox News Digital. “In healthcare, the most dangerous mistakes happen at the extremes, when something looks mild but is actually catastrophic. That’s where clinical judgment matters most, and where AI must be stress-tested.”
Study limitations
The researchers acknowledged some potential limitations in the study design.
“We used physician-written clinical scenarios rather than real patient conversations, and we tested at a single point in time — these systems update frequently, so performance may change,” Ramaswamy told Fox News Digital.
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Additionally, most of the missed emergencies happened in situations where the danger depended on how the condition was changing over time. It’s not clear whether the same problem would happen with acute medical emergencies.
Because the system had to choose just one fixed urgency category, the test may not reflect the more nuanced advice it might give in a back-and-forth conversation, the researchers noted.
ChatGPT Health is designed to show a crisis intervention banner when someone describes thoughts of self-harm. (iStock)
Also, the study wasn’t large enough to confidently detect small differences in how recommendations might vary by race or gender.
“We need continuous auditing, not one-time studies,” Castro noted. “These systems update frequently, so evaluation must be ongoing.”
‘Don’t wait’
The researchers emphasized the importance of seeking immediate care for serious issues.
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“If something feels seriously wrong — chest pain, difficulty breathing, a severe allergic reaction, thoughts of self-harm — go to the emergency department or call 988,” Ramaswamy advised. “Don’t wait for an AI to tell you it’s OK.”
The researchers noted that they support the use of AI to improve healthcare access, and that they didn’t conduct the study to “tear down the technology.”
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“These tools can be genuinely useful for the right things — understanding a diagnosis you’ve already received, looking up what your medications do and their side effects, or getting answers to questions that didn’t get fully addressed in a short doctor’s visit,” Ramaswamy said.
“That’s a very different use case from deciding whether you need emergency care. Treat them as a complement to your doctor, not a replacement.”
“This study doesn’t mean we abandon AI in healthcare.”
Castro agreed that the benefits of AI health tools should be weighed against the risks.
“AI health tools can increase access, reduce unnecessary visits and empower patients with information,” he said. “They are not inherently unsafe, but they are not yet substitutes for clinical judgment.”
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“This study doesn’t mean we abandon AI in healthcare,” he went on. “It means we mature it. Independent testing and stronger guardrails will determine whether AI becomes a safety net or a liability.”
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