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As COVID cases rise, probiotics could reduce symptoms and infection, study suggests

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As COVID cases rise, probiotics could reduce symptoms and infection, study suggests

For those who aren’t vaccinated against COVID-19, probiotics could offer a level of protection against the virus, a new study suggests.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled study led by Duke Health in North Carolina, probiotics were shown to have a “significant ability to delay a COVID infection and reduce symptoms” among people who had not been vaccinated and were exposed to the virus in their households, according to a press release.

The study was published in the journal Clinical Nutrition.

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“In patients who did not have COVID symptoms, when they started taking the probiotic, the lactobacillus probiotic we studied reduced the likelihood of getting COVID over time by 50% and reduced COVID symptoms by 50% as well,” said study co-lead Paul Wischmeyer, M.D., associate vice chair for clinical research in Duke’s Department of Anesthesiology, in a statement to Fox News Digital.

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For those who aren’t vaccinated against COVID-19, probiotics could offer a level of protection against the virus, a new study suggests. (iStock)

This effect was seen in children and adults of all ages, he noted.

The blind study, which launched in March 2020 before vaccines were widely available, included 182 participants who were unvaccinated and had recently been exposed to someone in their household who had tested positive for COVID.

None of the participants had experienced symptoms of the virus.

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Half of them received a probiotic — lactobacillus, which is the bacteria found in yogurt, kefir and kimchi — while the other half received a placebo pill.

“This is a simple, safe probiotic we studied, specifically Culturelle, which you can buy at the store or on Amazon,” Wischmeyer noted.

Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are beneficial to the digestive system, according to WebMD. Also referred to as “good” bacteria, probiotics contribute to gut health. (iStock)

The participants who took the probiotic were about half as likely to have COVID symptoms or to contract the virus compared to those in the placebo group, the researchers found.

The research team was not surprised by the findings, Wischmeyer told Fox News Digital.

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“There are many studies showing that probiotics can significantly reduce both the acquiring of viral infections and the severity of viral infections,” he said.

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In a large study of healthy babies that was published in the journal Nature in 2017, it was shown that taking a daily lactobacillus probiotic could significantly reduce viral and other respiratory infections as well as death, the doctor pointed out.

Additional studies have shown that probiotics can reduce respiratory infections by 32% to 50% and reduce the length of respiratory and viral illness by two days or more in people who take them daily, Wischmeyer added.

Additional studies have shown that probiotics can reduce respiratory infections by 32% to 50% and reduce the length of respiratory and viral illness in people who take them daily. (iStock)

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The researchers do not recommend that people skip COVID vaccines in light of these findings — but suggest that probiotics could provide an added layer of protection.

“The data appears to show that taking a probiotic when you receive a vaccine should improve the vaccine’s effectiveness and make it work better, as has been shown in some initial studies,” said Wischmeyer.

What are probiotics?

Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are beneficial to the digestive system, according to WebMD.

Also referred to as “good” bacteria, probiotics contribute to gut health.

They can be consumed through fermented foods — including yogurt, kefir, cottage cheese, kombucha and others — and also via supplements.

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Probiotics increase the production of regulatory T-cells (white blood cells that help boost the body’s immune response), reduce inflammation, protect the lungs against infection, and express antiviral genes that help combat the COVID virus, the study found.

In addition to reducing the risk of respiratory infections, probiotics have been shown to have many other benefits, Wischmeyer told Fox News Digital.

These include improved gut health, improved immune function, reduced risk of diarrhea or gastrointestinal issues, and reduced risk for autoimmune diseases. 

Dr. Brett Osborn, a Florida neurologist and longevity expert, was not involved in the Duke study but offered his input on the findings. “This outcome aligns with the known anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics,” he told Fox News Digital.  (Dr. Brett Osborn)

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“There is also some data for improved weight management and improvement in depression and other brain benefits,” the doctor added.

Dr. Brett Osborn, a Florida neurologist and longevity expert, was not involved in the Duke study but offered his input on the findings.

“This outcome aligns with the known anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics,” he told Fox News Digital. 

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COVID-19 triggers a “robust inflammatory response” that can affect the lungs, heart, brain and peripheral nervous system, Osborn pointed out. 

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“The induced inflammation is a critical factor in the severity of the disease, which is precisely why the first effective treatment in the early days of the pandemic was corticosteroids, potent anti-inflammatory agents,” he went on. “While probiotics offer a less robust anti-inflammatory effect, they still contribute to reducing inflammation.”

“We have known for years that the gut plays a major role in COVID, and many with COVID develop GI symptoms.”

Reducing the body’s inflammatory response may result in less severe disease outcomes and reduced tissue damage, potentially minimizing long-term effects, the doctor added.

Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center and a Fox News medical contributor, who was also not involved in the Duke Health research, agreed that this was a “well-done study” with expected results.

“Probiotics have long been shown to have a positive impact in the fight against respiratory viruses,” he told Fox News Digital. 

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Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center, who was also not involved in the Duke Health research, agreed that this was a “well-done study” with expected results. (Dr. Marc Siegel)

“We have known for years that the gut plays a major role in COVID, and many with COVID develop GI symptoms,” Siegel added. “Taking probiotics when around COVID has little downside for most, and I think it is a good idea.”

The doctor did note that further research should be done into the benefits, however.

Study was small but credible, researcher says

The primary limitation of the study was its small size, the researchers acknowledged.

“While limited in sample size, our study lends credence to the notion that our symbiotic microbes can be valuable partners in the fight against COVID-19 and potentially other future pandemic diseases,” Wischmeyer said. 

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“This may be particularly relevant in under-resourced nations where vaccination rates have lagged and even in the U.S., where COVID boosters are not widely accessed.”

Osborn agreed, noting, “Although the study’s limited size prevented statistical significance, the results suggest a potential protective effect of probiotics in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.”

Probiotics can be consumed via certain foods or supplements. (Daniel Acker/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

Based on the research, Wischmeyer said the majority of people worldwide can benefit from taking a daily probiotic to reduce their risk of not only getting COVID and experiencing severe symptoms, but also the risk of getting other respiratory infections like influenza, RSV and other viruses.

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“If you are taking immunosuppressive medications, you should talk to your doctor before starting a probiotic, but it may still be safe if your doctor approves,” he added.

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COVID cases and hospitalizations are on the rise along with other respiratory illnesses, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Fewer than 20% of people in the U.S. have gotten the updated COVID vaccine, the agency reports.

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Viral New Year reset routine is helping people adopt healthier habits

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Viral New Year reset routine is helping people adopt healthier habits

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What if your New Year’s resolution could fit inside a tote bag? Social media users are trying the “analog bag” trend, replacing phones with offline activities.

The trend is widely credited to TikTok creator Sierra Campbell, who posted about her own analog bag — containing a crossword book, portable watercolor set, Polaroid camera, planner and knitting supplies — and encouraged followers to make their own. 

Her video prompted many others to share their own versions, with items like magazines, decks of cards, paints, needlepoint and puzzle books.

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“I made a bag of non-digital activities to occupy my hands instead of the phone,” said Campbell, adding that the practice has significantly cut her screen time and filled her life with “creative and communal pursuits that don’t include doom-scrolling.”

“I created the analog bag after learning the only way to change a habit is to replace it with another,” she told Fox News Digital.

Social media users are trying the “analog bag” trend, replacing phones with offline activities like cameras, notebooks and magazines. (Fox News Digital)

The science of healthier habits

Research on habit formation supports the idea of the analog bag, according to Dr. Daniel Amen, a California-based psychiatrist and founder of Amen Clinics. 

“Your brain is a creature of habit,” Amen said during an interview with Fox News Digital. “Neurons that fire together wire together, meaning that every time you repeat a behavior, whether it’s good or bad, you strengthen the neural pathways that make it easier to do it again.”

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Studies show that habits are automatic responses to specific cues — such as boredom, stress or idle time — that typically deliver some kind of reward, according to the doctor. When no alternative behavior is available, people tend to fall back on the same routine, often without realizing it.

Research suggests that replacing an old habit with a new one tied to the same cue is more effective than trying to suppress the behavior altogether.

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“[When] cutting out coffee — you need to have another drink to grab for, not just quit cold turkey. It’s how the pathways in our brains work,” Campbell said.

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By substituting a different routine that still provides stimulation and engagement, people can gradually weaken the original habit and build a new automatic response.

Substituting another activity instead of scrolling on your phone can help quell the impulse to reach for it. (iStock)

“Simply stopping a behavior is very challenging,” Amen said. “Replacing one habit with something that is better for your brain is much easier. That’s how lasting change happens, one step at a time.”

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If alternatives are within arm’s reach, people will be more likely to use them, the doctor said. “Your brain does much better with small, simple actions than big, vague intentions.”

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Instead of saying, “I’ll stop scrolling today,” the doctor recommends choosing a small habit you can do in a few moments in specific situations, like knitting 10 rows of a scarf on your commute or reading a few pages of a book while waiting at the doctor’s office.

“If alternatives are within arm’s reach, you’re more likely to use them,” a brain doctor said. “Your brain does much better with small, simple actions than big, vague intentions.” (iStock)

Campbell shared her own examples of how to use an analog bag. At a coffee shop with friends, she said, she might pull out a crossword puzzle and ask others to help with answers when the conversation lulls.

Instead of taking dozens of photos on her phone, she uses an instant camera, which limits shots and encourages more intentional moments.

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In casual outdoor settings, such as a park or winery, she brings a small watercolor set for a quick creative outlet.

“It’s brought so much joy,” Campbell said of the analog bag trend, “seeing how it resonates with so many.”

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Experts Call It 2026’s Best Diet— ‘The Results Are Often Stunning’

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Experts Call It 2026’s Best Diet— ‘The Results Are Often Stunning’


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Deadly ‘superbug’ is spreading across US as drug resistance grows, researchers warn

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Deadly ‘superbug’ is spreading across US as drug resistance grows, researchers warn

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A deadly, drug-resistant fungus already spreading rapidly through U.S. hospitals is becoming even more threatening worldwide, though there may be hope for new treatments, according to a new scientific review.

Candida auris (C. auris), often described as a “superbug fungus,” is spreading globally and increasingly resisting human immune systems, Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI) researchers said in a review published in early December.

The findings reinforce prior CDC warnings that have labeled C. auris an “urgent antimicrobial threat” — the first fungal pathogen to receive that designation — as U.S. cases have surged, particularly in hospitals and long-term care centers.

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Approximately 7,000 cases were identified across dozens of U.S. states in 2025, according to the CDC, and it has reportedly been identified in at least 60 countries.

Candida auris is a drug-resistant fungus spreading in hospitals worldwide. (Nicolas Armer/Picture Alliance via Getty Images)

The review, published in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, helps explain why the pathogen is so difficult to contain and warns that outdated diagnostics and limited treatments lag behind. It was conducted by Dr. Neeraj Chauhan of the Hackensack Meridian CDI in New Jersey, Dr. Anuradha Chowdhary of the University of Delhi’s Medical Mycology Unit and Dr. Michail Lionakis, chief of the clinical mycology program at the National Institutes of Health.

Their findings stress the need to develop “novel antifungal agents with broad-spectrum activity against human fungal pathogens, to improve diagnostic tests and to develop immune- and vaccine-based adjunct modalities for the treatment of high-risk patients,” the researchers said in a statement.

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“In addition, future efforts should focus on raising awareness about fungal disease through developing better surveillance mechanisms, especially in resource-poor countries,” they added. “All these developments should help improve the outcomes and prognosis of patients afflicted by opportunistic fungal infections.”

Candida auris can survive on skin and hospital surfaces, allowing it to spread easily. (iStock)

First identified in 2009 from a patient’s ear sample in Japan, C. auris has since spread to dozens of countries, including the U.S., where outbreaks have forced some hospital intensive care units to shut down, according to the researchers.

The fungus poses the greatest risk to people who are already critically ill, particularly those on ventilators or with weakened immune systems. Once infected, about half of patients may die, according to some estimates.

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Unlike many other fungi, C. auris can survive on human skin and cling to hospital surfaces and medical equipment, allowing it to spread easily in healthcare settings.

“It is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, and it tends to spread in hospital settings, including on equipment being used on immunocompromised and semi-immunocompromised patients, such as ventilators and catheters,” Dr. Marc Siegel, Fox News senior medical analyst and clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone, previously told Fox News Digital.

Scientists say the unique cell wall structure of C. auris makes it harder to kill. (iStock)

It is also frequently misdiagnosed, delaying treatment and infection control measures.

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“Unfortunately, symptoms such as fever, chills and aches may be ubiquitous, and it can be mistaken for other infections,” Siegel said.

In September, he said intense research was ongoing to develop new treatments.

Only four major classes of antifungal drugs are currently available, and C. auris has already shown resistance to many of them. While three new antifungal drugs have been approved or are in late-stage trials, researchers warn that drug development has struggled to keep pace with the fungus’s evolution.

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Despite the sobering findings, there is still room for cautious optimism.

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The fungus can cling to skin and hospital surfaces, aiding its spread. (iStock)

In separate research published in December, scientists at the University of Exeter in England discovered a potential weakness in C. auris while studying the fungus in a living-host model. 

The team found that, during infection, the fungus activates specific genes to scavenge iron, a nutrient it needs to survive, according to their paper, published in the Nature portfolio journal Communications Biology in December.

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Because iron is essential for the pathogen, researchers believe drugs that block this process could eventually stop infections or even allow existing medications to be repurposed.

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“We think our research may have revealed an Achilles’ heel in this lethal pathogen during active infection,” Dr. Hugh Gifford, a clinical lecturer at the University of Exeter and co-author of the study, said in a statement.

New research is underway to develop better treatments and diagnostics for C. auris. (iStock)

As researchers race to better understand the fungus, officials warn that strict infection control, rapid detection and continued investment in new treatments remain critical.

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Health experts emphasize that C. auris is not a threat to healthy people.

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Fox News Digital has reached out to the CDI researchers and additional experts for comment.

Fox News Digital’s Angelica Stabile contributed reporting.

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