Extreme exercise and the potential cardiovascular risks – Times of India

Exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve cardiovascular health, but it doesn’t mean you need to run marathons to see the benefits. Moderate exercise spread over a lifetime is linked to good cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is essential to understand the right balance of volume and intensity for maximum benefit. According to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week has been proven to significantly benefit heart health.
Exercise not only strengthens the heart but also helps in reducing triglyceride levels, increasing HDL (“good” cholesterol), lowering inflammatory markers, reducing body weight, and improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. It also helps lower blood pressure, highlighting the many positive effects of physical activity.
Safe limits for physical activity
Determining the precise “cutoff” limit for physical activity is still being studied. While there is no definitive answer yet, it is clear that the benefits of regular exercise far outweigh the risks of a sedentary lifestyle. The key takeaway is that inactivity is riskier than exercising, regardless of the level of intensity.
Essential guide to safe and effective exercise for heart health
When starting an exercise program, it’s important to begin with a light routine and gradually increase intensity based on your body’s response. A baseline heart evaluation is recommended before engaging in any exercise regimen, especially for those with pre-existing heart conditions. It’s also vital to include proper warm-up and cool-down phases to allow the body to adjust to the activity and reduce the risk of injury or cardiac events.
For most people, moderate-intensity exercise for 5 to 7 days a week provides significant cardiovascular benefits. However, individuals with heart issues should consult their doctor before beginning any exercise program. The message here is simple: regular exercise is more beneficial than no exercise at all.
While there are concerns about extreme levels of physical activity, such as in professional athletes or endurance sports participants, these risks are generally associated with those who are unaccustomed to such intense training or have underlying heart conditions. Data has shown that long-term, excessive exercise can lead to structural and functional changes in the heart, including enlargement of the cardiac chambers and the release of certain biomarkers, which could indicate heart stress.
Though these biomarkers typically return to normal within a week, repetitive strain on the heart over months and years can cause scarring (myocardial fibrosis) and increase the risk of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, which raises the likelihood of stroke.
Bottom line
While regular moderate exercise greatly enhances cardiovascular health, it’s crucial to avoid extremes. Finding balance and consulting healthcare professionals ensures long-term benefits while safeguarding heart health against risks.
(Author: Dr. Rockey Katheria, Interventional Cardiologist, Manipal Hospital Varthur)