Finance
‘$100M debt’? Duval superintendent presents rosier financial picture amid school closures | Jacksonville Today
The Duval County School Board will vote Monday whether to close two more elementary schools: the urban core’s 108-year-old Long Branch Elementary and Anchor Academy, which serves many military families stationed at Mayport.
Officials say the district has 30,000 unfilled seats and they needs school closures in order to “right-size” the district — in other words, to operate with enough students to break even with state funding. The district has too many small schools, Superintendent Christopher Bernier says in an oft-repeated slide presentation, and each school needs at least 700 students to recoup the cost of keeping the doors open.
While those reasons have remained consistent, the language that Bernier uses while talking about the financial urgency of school closures has done something of a 180 — from needing to fill a $100 million budget hole to “truly balancing” the budget a year later — though the savings from school closures do not come close to $100 million.
Last year, when the board voted to close six schools, Bernier warned the district was facing a “$100 million debt” and needed to scale back costs or risk cutting jobs. And the superintendent repeatedly raised the specter of a state takeover due to depleted reserves.
“We have a better fund balance than we’ve had in the past,” Bernier told the board this November. “We’re moving away from that critical factor of state takeover.”
At the time of last year’s vote, the meeting agenda showed the district’s “ending fund balance” was 4.04% of revenue, above the state’s 2% takeover threshold. That was down from previous balances of 8% in 2020 and 2021.
What happened to the ‘$100 million debt’?
A year ago, Bernier came back again and again to the “$100 million” talking point.
On the eve of a round of school closures that rallied communities, Bernier said Duval Schools had a “$100 million debt” that would not go away unless the board made cuts like closing schools.
A week later, the board voted to close three schools at the end of that school year and three more at the end of this one. This spring, the district announced most secondary schools would cut one of their eight daily periods, which it said would save as much as $10 million. Leaders floated eliminating bus transportation to magnet schools but later decided against it.
During Duval Schools CFO Ron Fagan’s presentation to the board last month, District 4 School Board member Darryl Willie — who voted against half of the 2024 school closures — asked Fagan what happened to the “$100 million” debt.
“One of the conversations we kept coming back to was this number, about a hundred million dollars. That was a number the public knew,” Willie said.
Fagan chalked up the shift, in part, to a change in the district’s accounting methods.
“That original $100 million was basically looking at your prior years…we kept seeing a fund balance continuing to go down. At the same time, [COVID-era funding] was getting ready to go away,” Fagan said. “We were projecting, if we continue on with this trend, we’re going to have a $50 [million] to $70 million problem.”
In previous years, Fagan explained, his predecessor underfunded some categories to balance the budget — like using salary averages instead of actual figures, for example — and then used reserves to make up for any shortfalls at the end of the year. Fagan says his approach fully funds all categories, and so eliminates the potential for large transfers from reserves to cover shortfalls. And, a one-time bump from leftover federal COVID funding is helping pad this year’s reserves.
“So now the objective is to control that spending moving forward and make sure we budget sufficient reserves to handle any hiccups in the future regarding an unexpected expense or a decline in the reserves,” Fagan said.
Fagan tells the School Board the district’s finances are steadily improving.
For one, the state Department of Education recently notified the district it would receive an additional $1 million based on student enrollment, in addition to a belated $2.3 million payment the district was already expecting.
And, Fagan said, an incremental increase in the district’s reserves “shows a very strong, stable financial structure.”
School closures and saved dollars
Consolidating schools to save money is complicated by the fact that not all students choose to attend their assigned new school. Projected savings can be negated by the loss of state funding for students who leave the district altogether.
Corey Wright, Duval Schools’ chief of accountability and assessment, told the board in November that student retention after closures averages somewhere in the mid-80% range.
If a school has 300 students, and 15% don’t stay, those 45 students represent nearly $400,000 lost in state funding.
Another danger of leaving the receiving school under-enrolled comes from the state’s Schools of Hope program, which allows certain independent charter operators to open in low-enrollment or vacant schools.
“It still leaves the consolidated school with too many open seats,” District 2 school board member April Carney said. “And that, to me — especially with all these Schools of Hope letters that we’re getting…How do we bring more people into those open seats once the school is consolidated?”
Carney said she’s received feedback that the current consolidation process creates “animosity” and pits the two schools against each other.
“It’s such a sticky, uncomfortable process that nobody wants to go through,” she said. “How do we help communities change those attitudes and come together so that we end up having the right amount of utilization in the consolidated school?”
Wright said two schools with low enrollment numbers are a bigger risk than one.
“If you keep two schools open that are really low-utilized, then you have opportunity for Schools of Hope to operate in two schools. Until we get to a point where our district is really right-sized, this is going to be a battle,” Wright said.
Jacksonville’s schools are not evenly distributed geographically. District 4 has two-and-a-half times as many schools as District 7, for example, but less than 20% more students enrolled.
“We can’t talk about consolidation without talking about the history and the inequities that were built before — because some students could not go to school together, so you had two schools right beside each other,” District 4 rep Willie said, referring to mandatory racial segregation.
Duval Schools only achieved unitary status — a designation from the federal government signifying that its schools are no longer segregated — in 1999.
“That’s why we’re in this place now,” Willie said. “And we haven’t rectified that or come to a place where we say, ‘You know what? Let’s figure that out.’”
Parents who live in his district notice “there’s a lot of schools within the North and Northwest side that are closing,” Willie said.
“We have to figure out on whose back are we building this?” he said.
Finance
2 Aspira charter high schools to close by April due to financial issues
Chicago Public Schools is shutting down two Aspira charter high schools by the middle of the year, following financial issues over the past year.
School leaders are calling the move “unprecedented.”
Students at the Aspira Business and Finance High School at 2989 N. Milwaukee Ave. in Avondale held a walkout right outside of Aspira after the CEO said they only have enough money to stay open for the next four to five weeks.
Students wanted their questions answered as to why they’re being transferred to other schools.
Angelina Mota is a senior at the high school and said she is concerned about her future.
“It’s very difficult, especially for us, hearing that credits might not go all the way with us. That our graduation might just be taken back. It’s very disappointing,” she said.
This is the first time a CPS school will close before the end of the school year. Both Aspira and CPS said the charter network won’t have the funds to stay open past April.
“The burden on our seniors has got to be… they don’t give a damn about the kids. The seniors,” Aspira of Illinois CEO Edgar Lopez said while fighting back his emotions.
The school is facing a $2.9 million deficit, impacting 540 students and dozens of staff.
CPS said they have already given more than $2.5 million to the charter school to help sustain operations. They said under Illinois law, it reached the legal limit of funding it can provide.
This has been a year-long effort in compliance with state charter school law.
In a statement, CPS said, “Aspira has not submitted required documentation, including evidence of funding to support operations through this school year.”
The documents CPS said are overdue include the school’s fiscal year 25 financial audit, general ledger, and payroll.
“We’re not hiding nothing. The financial documents that they were asking for, Jose told them, we’ll have them to you by Friday. Then they send a letter by Thursday. They didn’t even give us a chance,” Lopez said.
CPS said they’re initiating this due to the lack of financial transparency and solvency.
“We know we don’t want to go anywhere else because we’re used to the routine we have here,” said student Arichely Molina.
“Please let us (stay) open. at least until we graduate,” Mota said.
CPS said their main goal is to ensure the kids have a safety net as they transition to another school.
The second school is located at 3986 W. Barry Ave., also in the Avondale neighborhood.
Finance
Why has the UAE closed its stock exchanges?
The United Arab Emirates has closed its main stock exchanges amid a widening conflict in the region following the United States and Israel’s attacks on Iran.
The UAE’s financial regulator on Sunday announced that its key exchanges in Dubai and Abu Dhabi would not immediately reopen after the weekend break amid the fallout of the US-Israeli attacks that killed Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
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The announcement that the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and Dubai Financial Market would remain closed on Monday and Tuesday came after the UAE was hit with hundreds of Iranian missile and drone attacks, including a strike on Abu Dhabi’s main airport that killed one person and wounded seven others.
The UAE’s Capital Markets Authority said in a statement that it would continue to monitor developments in the region and “assess the situation on an ongoing basis, taking any further measures as necessary”.
Here is all you need to know about the move.
Why has the UAE decided to shut its main stock exchanges?
The financial regulator did not elaborate on the rationale for its decision, only saying that it was taken in accordance with its “supervisory and regulatory role” in managing the country’s financial markets.
While closing the stock market outside of scheduled breaks is relatively unusual worldwide, especially in the era of electronic trading, it is not unprecedented.
Typically, when financial authorities halt stock trading during a crisis, it is because they are concerned about panic selling.
During periods of extreme volatility, such as wars and financial crises, investors often rush to sell their holdings to avoid suffering big losses.
As investors sell their stocks, the market value falls further.
This dynamic can spur a vicious cycle that, left unchecked, can lead to a full-blown market crash.
Since the US-Israeli attacks on Iran, stock markets around the world have seen significant – though not catastrophic – losses, while oil prices have risen sharply.
Saudi Arabia’s benchmark Tadawul All Share Index fell more than 4 percent on Sunday, while Egypt’s EGX 30 dropped about 2.5 percent.
In Asia, major stock markets closed lower on Monday, with Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index down about 1.4 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively.
The practice of shutting the market to prevent panic selling is controversial among economists and investors.
Closing the market prevents investors from accessing cash they might need in a hurry.
Critics also argue that such closures only exacerbate the sense of panic they seek to prevent and distort important signals about the market.
“Investors don’t like uncertainty, and at times of market stress, liquidity is most important. It appears the UAE just took that away,” Burdin Hickok, a professor at New York University’s School of Professional Studies, told Al Jazeera.
“This move has the potential of diminishing the status of Dubai as a true major market and weaken investor confidence in the Dubai markets. There has to be some concern about capital flight and negative ripple effects.”
Has this happened before?
The UAE has closed its stock exchanges before, though not due to regional conflict.
In 2022, the UAE halted trading as part of a period of mourning declared to mark the death of President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
The emirate announced a similar pause following the death of Dubai’s ruler, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, in 2006.
“Historically, to the best of my knowledge, no Middle Eastern state, including Israel, has closed its stock exchange during a time of regional conflict,” Hickok said.
“In prior conflicts, Israel has modified hours of their exchange, but we are talking hours, not days.”
Other countries have shuttered their stock markets during periods of major turmoil in recent years.
After Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, authorities shut the Moscow Exchange for nearly a month.
In 2011, Egypt shut its stock exchange for nearly two months as the country was grappling with the upheaval of the Arab Spring.
After the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq halted trading for six days, the longest suspension since the Great Depression.
How important is the UAE’s stock market?
The UAE is a relatively small player in the world of capital markets, though it has made significant inroads in recent years.
The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and Dubai Financial Market have a combined market capitalisation of about $1.1 trillion.
By comparison, the New York Stock Exchange, the world’s biggest bourse, has a market capitalisation of about $44 trillion.
Saudi Arabia’s Saudi Exchange, the biggest exchange in the Middle East, is valued at more than $3 trillion.
Still, the UAE’s stature among financial markets has been on the rise.
Before the latest crisis, UAE-listed stocks had been on a winning streak.
The Dubai Financial Market General Index, which includes companies such as Emirates NBD and Emaar Properties, rose more than 29 percent in the 12 months to February 27.
Haytham Aoun, an assistant professor of finance at the American University in Dubai, said while the UAE could see some outflow of foreign capital, the country’s economy remains on a strong footing.
“A temporary stock market closure will have a limited impact on long-term economic variables, provided the fundamentals remain strong,” Aoun told Al Jazeera.
“In the UAE case, it’s a precautionary intervention, and not a sign of structural weakness.”
Finance
Canton High School students find success in personal finance
CANTON, Miss. (WLBT) – A group of juniors at Canton High School has won back-to-back state championships in Mississippi’s Personal Finance Challenge.
The team’s work can be seen through the school’s reality fair, where students are assigned careers and salaries and must make the same financial decisions adults face each month.
Teena Ruth, a personal finance teacher, said the exercise resonates beyond the classroom.
“It’s an eye-opening experience,” Ruth said. “They kind of see what it’s like for even their parents when they have to make these decisions every day — when they are writing out those checks.”
For student Jalynn Dunigan, the program carries personal significance.
“To be known for something else outside of cheer and not just what I do on a court, on a field. I can do something and put my brains to it and people can know that I’m not just pretty,” Dunigan said. “I’m smart as well.”
Student Henser Vicente said the team’s success sends a broader message.
“We’re making a statement that we’re not what you think we are,” Vicente said. “Like, we’re greater than what you think. We can do better than what you think we can do.”
A proposed financial literacy bill in Mississippi would require students to pass a semester of personal finance as a graduation requirement.
Alexandria Luckett said the team’s national success is already motivating others at the school.
“I’m so happy that people are getting more involved in things like this and stepping out of their comfort zone and just putting themselves out there,” Luckett said. “Because I know there’s a lot of shy students [who] don’t necessarily join clubs or anything. So, when they see a group like this going to nationals two times in a row, I feel like that motivates a lot of students.”
Nelly Rosales said competing at the national level has given the team a platform beyond the competition floor.
“We’ve gone to Cleveland, Ohio, we’ve gone to Atlanta, and then hopefully this year we get to go out of state again,” Rosales said. “Being able to be a role model to a lot of children — like especially Hispanic girls who don’t see a lot of role [models] especially in the community — being able to be a role model is a really big thing.”
The students are currently gearing up for this year’s State Personal Finance Challenge set to take place next month.
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