Why one of baseball's unique skills, switch hitting, is trending toward extinction

CLEVELAND — Francisco Lindor is a natural right-handed batter who desperately wanted to switch hit as a child to be more like his heroes. His brother and his cousin were both switch hitters, as was his favorite player, Hall of Fame second baseman Roberto Alomar. 

Lindor pleaded with his father, Miguel, to bat left-handed. Miguel fought against it for years because Lindor was such a good hitter from the right side. Why intentionally make yourself worse by doing something so unnatural? It didn’t make sense. 

“That was the way my dad forced me to practice,” Lindor said. “If I did everything right, then I could hit from the left side.”

Now Lindor is part of a dwindling subset of players. Switch hitters are a dying breed in the major leagues, particularly among Americans. 

Of the roughly 550 batters to log a plate appearance through the end of June, only 58 were switch hitters, according to Stathead. It continues a trend from last season, when baseball’s switch hitters plummeted to their lowest numbers in 50 years.

Only 26 of those are American-born players, one more than last year, which saw the lowest number among Americans in nearly 60 years.

While Latin players are often encouraged to switch hit as children, it has almost become taboo among youth in America. Seattle Mariners manager Scott Servais spent 11 years as a right-handed catcher in the majors. He believes being a switch hitter is the biggest advantage in all of sports.

“Youth baseball in our country has changed dramatically over the last 15 years,” Servais said. “The focus ultimately comes down to college scholarships or getting into pro ball, and the lack of patience in letting those things develop in young players. So they get on Select teams and they’re traveling all over the country and Mom and Dad are paying a lot of money to put you in front of all of the top coaches. Why would we ever put you in a situation where you might fail? And you’re going to fail. Switch hitting is really hard. It’s really hard when you’re young. And they’re afraid of failure.”

Mets shortstop Francisco Lindor, who had to convince his dad to let him switch hit, is part of a shrinking number of major leaguers who can hit from both sides. (Charles LeClaire / USA Today)

Mariners catcher Cal Raleigh is unsure which side of the plate is his natural side. Raleigh, like Baltimore’s Adley Rutschman, is a triple world score combination of a switch-hitting catcher with power. He has always been right-hand dominant in everyday activities, but from his earliest memories in baseball, the slugging catcher could swing the bat from both sides of the plate because his father made him do it that way. 

“Every day I thank the Lord my dad made me a switch hitter,” Raleigh said. “Because I see some of this nasty stuff that’s being thrown up there.”

The number of switch hitters in baseball has been declining for the last decade and finally bottomed out last year, when only 63 of more than 650 players logged at-bats from both sides of the plate. That’s down from an all-time high of 111 switch hitters in 1998. American-born switch hitters peaked at 78 in 1987, according to Stathead.

Carlos Beltrán was a rookie with the Kansas City Royals during baseball’s switch-hitting peak. He played 20 years and hit 438 home runs as one of the best switch hitters of his era. He began toying with the idea after playing winter ball in Puerto Rico with Bernie Williams, who also switch hit. Beltrán struggled so much staying back on offspeed pitches and breaking balls that he wanted to give up and go back to hitting solely right-handed. Kevin Long, now the Phillies hitting coach, was with Beltrán in the minors and encouraged him to stick with it. 

“Thank God for Kevin Long,” Beltrán said. “He said, ‘We are so close. Let’s stay with it. Keep trying.’ I was grateful that I had a coach that believed that what I was doing was the right thing. And he didn’t let me really go back to the right side. I don’t know what my career would have been if I only would have been a right-handed hitter.”

Carlos Beltran credits Kevin Long for encouraging him to stick with it in the minors when he was struggling to hit left-handed. (Bob Levey / Getty Images)

Baseball has changed drastically since Beltrán played. The game is more specialized, even at the youth levels, as hitters chase data and cutting-edge metrics. The changes make some of the past greats bristle. 

“This generation has lost the ability to hit,” said former Reds star Eric Davis, now a special assistant and roving instructor for the club. “You have a lot of guys today who are caught up in exit velocity and launch angle and they’re not being taught how to hit. They’re not good hitters. So the game is not going to bless them unless you develop a skill to play the game for a long time. And switch hitting for some guys is an avenue to play the game for a long time.”

Davis, who hit right-handed during his 17 seasons in the majors, switch hit early in his career but said he gave it up as a minor leaguer because his coaches told him he didn’t struggle to hit sliders. The majority of switch hitters are natural-born righties learning to hit left-handed. The biggest benefit is to hit sliders from right-handed pitchers that break toward the left-handed batter, rather than trying to hit pitches tailing away as a right-hander.

In youth leagues, however, pitchers don’t throw breaking pitches until they’re teenagers, and most don’t develop great movement until closer to high school. It leaves kids struggling to hit from a side of the plate where they aren’t comfortable and aren’t having success. And they’re doing it to hit breaking pitches that won’t actually start breaking drastically until years later.

There is no magic age to begin switch hitting, but various hitters and coaches polled on the subject believe the right age to start ranges from 9 or 10 years old up to around 13. Beltran, who started switch hitting in the minor leagues, is the rare exception. For teenagers who wait until they reach high school, it’s often already too late.

“If you have problems with sliders and you want the ball coming toward you rather than going away from you, work on being a switch hitter,” said Cleveland Guardians veteran coach Sandy Alomar Jr., who played 20 years in the majors as a catcher. Alomar came up as a switch hitter like his brother, Roberto. His father made both boys switch hit at a young age. Sandy dropped hitting left-handed his first year in the minors, while Roberto compiled 2,724 hits, 210 home runs and 12 consecutive All-Star appearances as one of the greatest switch hitters of all time. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2011.

Rutschman, Lindor and Cleveland’s José Ramírez are among the game’s best switch hitters today. Ramírez made his sixth All-Star team this year and Rutschman made his second. Lindor did not make the team, but his season was good enough to justify another All-Star bid.

Guardians third baseman José Ramírez, who competed in this year’s Home Run Derby, is among baseball’s best current switch hitters. (Jerome Miron / USA Today)

Reds third baseman Jeimer Candelario is one of the few American-born switch hitters, but he actually skews the numbers a bit. Candelario counts on the U.S. side because he was born in New York City, but his father moved the family to the Dominican Republic when he was 5 to open a baseball academy. Candelario worked on a plan developed by his father to hit from both sides of the plate every day as a child.

Latino players comprised about 30 percent of major-league rosters last year. They made up more than 60 percent of all switch hitters. 

“It’s a lot of work. It’s not easy,” Candelario said. “Not every day is going to be perfect, but it’s the consistent work every single day. If you don’t fall in love with it, you’re not going to have success. You have to love it.”

Not everyone believes in the concept. Mets hitting coach Eric Chavez, who batted .268 with 260 home runs over 17 years as a left-handed hitting third baseman, marvels at what Lindor can do, but he doesn’t encourage others to try it. 

“You’re two different people, two different swings,” he said. “Because the body moves differently. You’re right-hand dominant, now you come to the left side and your right hand is on the bottom (of the bat). You’re training two different swings.

“You can have a right-handed at-bat and feel really good. In that same game, you can go lefty and think, ‘Oh crap, where’s my swing?’”

Alex Miklos played Division I baseball at Kent State University, where he was a three-year captain and led the nation in triples in 2014. He is now co-owner of BioSport Athletics, a baseball and softball facility in suburban Cleveland that opened two years ago and has trained between 900 and 1,000 athletes ranging in age from 7 up through the professional ranks. Miklos estimates that roughly half of the players who have trained at BioSport are position players. Out of those 450-500, he said about 10 have asked about switch hitting and only three or four have worked on it consistently.

“There’s no such thing as being too early. The earlier the better,” Miklos said. “But there’s definitely too late. It’s something you have to commit to. By the time you’re 13 or 14 years old, you’ve established patterns. It’s really tough to develop that ability from the other side of the plate.”

Youth sports have become so competitive in the U.S. that kids feel like every at-bat matters, even on the club level or travel leagues, Miklos said. It can be difficult for kids — and coaches — to “give away” at-bats in games to work on player development, such as a right-handed hitter learning to bat left-handed.

Whether the number of major-league switch hitters begins to increase again, particularly in the United States, will depend on how it is handled in the youth leagues going forward. The data isn’t encouraging. 

Out of about 140 of baseball’s best prospects listed on FanGraphs’ preseason list, ranging from Class AAA down to Rookie ball, 34 were switch hitters who had yet to debut. 

Eight were Americans. 

GO DEEPER

Missing Bats, Part 1: How an obsession with strikeouts upended the balance of baseball

(Photo of Francisco Lindor: Jamie Sabau / Getty Images)