Crypto
Cryptocurrency Investment And Fiscal Policy
Introduction
Risk-on assets thrive when there is enough money in circulation. Such assets include cryptocurrencies, stocks, high-yield bonds and other emerging markets with attractive profits. Who decides how much money is available to public for spending? Obviously, it is the government of a country. The governments devise financial plans for a fiscal year, and term them as fiscal policies.
Fiscal Policy
Governments have many tools up their sleeve to manage the economy. Fiscal policy is a tool that a government uses to collect taxes, manage spending so that economy can run stably and wealth can be distributed rationally. The aims of setting a fiscal policy is to control inflation, create job, avoid or ward off recession, and promote steady economic growth. On-chain activities on many blockchains confirm the fact that volumes surge when the government decides to cut taxes and boost spending. People have more savings to spend on speculative assets like cryptocurrencies.
However, there are three types of fiscal policies. Each has its own functions and restrictions. Not every one of them is conducive to the crypto market.
Types of Fiscal Policy
1. Accommodative (Expansionary) Fiscal Policy
In simple words, an expansionary fiscal policy aims to spend more than earn. Taxation policies are loosened to accommodate citizens. This kind of policy is usually implemented when there is a risk or onset of recession, or when there is any economic emergency like Covid-19 in 2020. Such situations result in widespread layoffs. Unemployment rises to unwanted levels. People have less to spend, so the demand for goods and services plummets headlong. These circumstances dent any economy badly.
The government responds by stimulating public spending by giving tax rebates. Savings increase and people tend to consume goods and hire services. Rising demands also creates new jobs. For example, a family will consider buying new furniture, replacing the old vehicle or renovating their house when they get some increment in savings.
Impacts on Cryptocurrencies
History reveals that risky assets pump when governments decide to implement expansionary fiscal policies. Savings end up in stocks and cryptocurrencies. The most recent example of such policy can be found in 2020. In the cryptocurrency market, it marked the beginning of stupendous bull run. Bitcoin went from $8000 in March 2020 to $69000 in November 2021. Ethereum, many utility tokens, and even meme coins printed millionaires in the course of a year and a half. Such was the boom brough forth by the expansionary fiscal policy.
Drawbacks
Expansionary fiscal policy may appear very attractive on the face value, but it is not without its drawbacks. Increased demands can give rise to inflation if the supply is lower than the demand. Secondly, more spending than earnings increasingly drags national economy to deficit. Government manages the deficit by borrowing. Borrowing pushes the interest rates higher. People tend to invest less and lend more.
2. Restrictive (Contractionary) Fiscal Policy
Just as expansionary fiscal policy adds money and causes demands to rise, restrictive fiscal policy focuses taking money out of the economy by imposing taxes and reducing spending. This can generally happen when accommodated fiscal policy has already resulted in inflation due to increased demands of goods and services. Due to low circulation of money, people delay their plans related to spending. Dwindling demand eases prices a little.
Impacts on Cryptocurrencies
For cryptocurrencies and blockchain world, such policy can prove a nightmare. People get tired of paying taxes. Businesses feel the heat and unemployment can also see a rise. Lack of savings drives people to stay away from speculative assets. Those who save something try to resort to gold and government treasury bonds. However, the price action of Bitcoin ($BTC) over the years has proved that it can prove a hedge against devaluation of fiat currencies and inflation.
Granted that $BTC is far more volatile than gold, it has progressed at incredibly rapid rate. In 2010, we could buy 1 ounce of gold for 4738 $BTC. Now in 2025, only 0.0316 $BTC are required to buy the same amount of gold. This is despite the fact that the price of 1ounce of gold has risen from $1421 to $3632 during this period. But this proved to be no competition for $BTC, which rose from a paltry $0.30 to staggering $115,000. Therefore, many big investors are drifting to Bitcoin rather than Gold for long term hedging.
3. Balanced (Neutral) Fiscal Policy
Unlike the above-mentioned policies, balanced fiscal policy aims to keep spending and earning equal. The purpose of such policies is to keep economic growth at a stable level. When there is neither deflation nor inflation, a balanced policy can work efficiently. The implementation of a balanced policy means the economy is working at its fullest potential and it needs neither any stimulus nor any restraint.
Impacts on Cryptocurrencies
In the absence of any fear or unusual hope, crypto assets are left on their own. Their technical and fundamental analysis influence their price action. In a sense, it is a good situation for investors when no news from the outside world disturbs the market. Otherwise, expansionary or contractionary fiscal policy may bring news that can neutralize chart patterns and play havoc with all sorts of analyses.
Why a Fiscal Policy Is Needed
Inflation, deflation, unemployment, and devaluation of currency can weaken any economy. A rational fiscal policy can help a country fight against these issues. Stimuli provided by expansionary policy and restraints imposed by contractionary policy are the antidotes to the evils plaguing an economy. Countries have proved that an appropriate fiscal policy can help develop infrastructure that can result in enhanced trade activities and better overall economic growth. Increased spending can facilitate provision of enviable life standards as seen in Scandinavian countries.
Conclusion
On the whole, fiscal policy is a tool of the government to stabilize the economy by means of managing taxation and public spending. Accommodative fiscal policy dictates less taxation than spending. Contractionary policy taxes more than spends. A balanced policy keeps revenue and expenditures at equal levels.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is fiscal policy and why does it matter for cryptocurrencies?
Fiscal policy is how governments manage taxation and spending to stabilize the economy. It directly impacts people’s savings and spending power, which in turn affects investment in speculative assets like cryptocurrencies.
How does expansionary fiscal policy influence crypto markets?
Expansionary policy increases public savings by cutting taxes and boosting spending. This often drives people to invest in risk-on assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum, fueling strong market rallies, as seen during the 2020–2021 bull run.
What happens to crypto under contractionary fiscal policy?
Contractionary policy reduces money circulation through higher taxes and lower spending. This discourages investment in cryptocurrencies, pushing people toward safer assets like gold or treasury bonds. However, Bitcoin has still shown long-term resilience as a hedge against inflation.
Crypto
Institutional Crypto Adoption ‘Happening Now’: Ripple Executive Says Real-World Use Cases Taking Hold
Key Takeaways:
- Ripple says institutional adoption of digital assets is happening now.
- Craddock states the focus has shifted to infrastructure and real-world use cases.
- Paris events showed strong momentum, with Ripple citing real industry energy.
Institutional Digital Asset Adoption Gains Momentum
Institutional adoption of digital assets is gaining momentum across global finance, marking a decisive shift as major firms move beyond experimentation into active deployment. Ripple’s managing director for the U.K. and Europe, Cassie Craddock, reinforced this momentum on April 20, pointing to Paris Blockchain Week 2026 and related industry events as evidence that large-scale crypto adoption is already underway.
Craddock stated on social media platform X:
“Institutional adoption of digital assets isn’t something that’s on the horizon. It’s happening now.”
“The debate has moved on. The focus is on infrastructure and real-world use cases. And the people I was fortunate enough to spend time with this week are the ones building it. Banks, asset managers, fintechs, and regulators, all discussing how to do this properly and at scale,” she further shared.
The executive tied that view to meetings held across the Ripple Roadshow Paris, Paris Blockchain Week itself, Mastercard Crypto Day at the Eiffel Tower, and Société Générale-FORGE’s event at the French Ministry of Finance. She explained that discussions no longer centered on whether institutions would engage with the sector. Instead, participants examined infrastructure, deployment standards, and real-world use cases that could support broader activity across regulated financial markets.
Paris Events Highlight Structured Industry Buildout
The comments suggest that digital asset conversations among large organizations are becoming more operational. Craddock referenced exchanges with speakers including David Durouchoux, Myles Harrison, and Frédéric Dalibard, while also highlighting the presence of banks, asset managers, fintechs, and regulators. That mix suggests several parts of the financial system are considering similar questions around scale and execution. Rather than focusing on abstract potential, the gatherings in Paris appeared to center on how institutions can build and apply digital asset systems in a structured way.
The Ripple executive added that the people involved in those meetings are “the ones building it.” She also concluded:
“The energy was real, the momentum even more so.”
These remarks reflect Ripple’s view that institutional interest is moving from long-term expectation to active development. By stressing implementation and participation from established financial groups, the post framed Paris Blockchain Week as a signal that digital asset adoption is advancing within mainstream finance.
Crypto
Scattered Spider hacker pleads guilty to stealing $8 million in cryptocurrency – Help Net Security
A British national tied to the Scattered Spider cybercrime group pleaded guilty to hacking multiple companies via SMS phishing and stealing over $8 million in virtual currency from US victims.
Tyler Robert Buchanan, 24, of Dundee, Scotland, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and aggravated identity theft.
In November 2024, US authorities unsealed criminal charges against Buchanan and four other alleged members of the Scattered Spider group, accusing them of using phishing text messages to steal employee credentials, breach company systems and steal cryptocurrency.
According to court documents, Buchanan and his co-conspirators conducted cyber intrusions and virtual currency thefts between September 2021 and April 2023.
The victims included interactive entertainment, telecommunications and technology companies, as well as business process outsourcing (BPO) and IT service providers, cloud communications firms, virtual currency companies and individual victims.
“As part of the scheme, Buchanan and his co-conspirators conducted Short Message Service (SMS) phishing attacks by sending hundreds of SMS phishing messages to the mobile telephones of a victim company’s employees. The messages purported to be from the victim company or a contracted IT or BPO supplier for the victim company,” the Justice Department said.
“The SMS phishing messages contained links to phishing websites designed to look like legitimate websites of a victim company or a contracted IT or BPO supplier. The websites then lured the recipient into providing confidential information, including personal identifying information (PII), and account usernames and passwords.”
In April 2023, police found on a digital device at Buchanan’s residence in Scotland the names and addresses of numerous victims, including a text file containing cryptocurrency seed phrases and login credentials for one account.
Buchanan has been in federal custody since April 2025 and faces up to 22 years in federal prison.
Co-conspirator Noah Michael Urban is serving a 10-year federal prison sentence and was ordered to pay $13 million in restitution after pleading guilty in April 2025 to fraud-related charges. Three other defendants charged alongside Buchanan, including Ahmed Hossam Eldin Elbadawy, Evans Onyeaka Osiebo and Joel Martin Evans, still face criminal charges in the case.
Scattered Spider is a cybercrime collective, also known as UNC3944, Muddled Libra and Octo Tempest, made up largely of young, native English-speaking hackers who use social engineering, including impersonating IT and help-desk staff, to gain initial access, bypass MFA, and compromise enterprise networks.
The group gained notoriety for its role in high-profile hacking and extortion attacks against Caesars Entertainment and MGM Resorts International, two of the largest casino operators in the US.
Although authorities have increased pressure on the group and arrested several members, including four they consider responsible for ransomware attacks targeting UK-based retailers last year, the group continues to operate, with new members replacing those arrested.
Crypto
XRP Prepares for Quantum Future as Ripple Maps XRPL Strategy for Security Readiness
Key Takeaways:
- Ripple outlines a phased roadmap to prepare XRPL for quantum-era cryptography risks.
- Industry momentum grows as XRPL testing highlights performance and security tradeoffs.
- Developers at Ripple will expand testing to balance innovation with network stability.
Ripple Maps Quantum Security Strategy
Ripple’s post-quantum strategy reflects a growing shift in blockchain security as quantum computing risks gain credibility. The company’s latest Insight, published April 20 by Senior Director of Engineering Ayo Akinyele, outlined a structured roadmap to prepare the XRP Ledger for future cryptographic disruption while preserving network performance.
The Insight stated:
“Ripple is introducing a multi-phase roadmap to prepare the XRP Ledger (XRPL) for a post-quantum future, with a target for full readiness by 2028.”
It also detailed collaboration efforts: “Ripple is working with Project Eleven to accelerate development, including validator testing and early custody prototypes.”
Akinyele explained that quantum security is becoming more relevant because blockchain networks rely on cryptographic systems that could eventually be broken by sufficiently advanced quantum computers. On XRPL, each signed transaction reveals a public key on-chain, which could weaken long-term wallet security in a post-quantum environment.
He also pointed to the “harvest now, decrypt later” threat, where attackers collect cryptographic data today and wait for future quantum capabilities to exploit it. While this does not indicate an immediate failure of current protections, it increases the urgency of preparing systems that secure long-duration value. These risks reinforce the need for early testing of quantum-resistant cryptographic systems and structured migration planning.
XRPL Testing Targets Long-Term Stability
Ripple’s roadmap consists of four phases, starting with contingency planning for a potential failure of existing cryptographic standards. This includes a “Quantum-Day” framework designed to enable secure migration to post-quantum accounts if vulnerabilities emerge. Additional phases focus on evaluating National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-recommended algorithms under real network conditions, measuring impacts on throughput, storage, and verification efficiency. XRPL’s native features, including key rotation and deterministic key generation, provide a technical advantage by enabling gradual migration without forcing users to abandon existing accounts. Parallel testing on development networks will allow developers to assess performance tradeoffs before broader implementation.
The senior director of engineering emphasized long-term execution and coordination, stating:
“We should not view addressing the quantum threat on XRPL as a single upgrade, but rather a multi-phased strategy of carefully migrating a live, global financial infrastructure without compromising the value of digital assets protected by the XRPL.”
Akinyele indicated that achieving post-quantum readiness requires balancing cryptographic innovation with operational stability, ensuring the network remains efficient while adapting to future security challenges.
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