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Korean bookstores in L.A. are dying. Here's how one survives

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Korean bookstores in L.A. are dying. Here's how one survives

Joe Choi stood inside Aladdin Fullerton bookstore, flipping through “Introduction to Business Management” in Korean.

Choi, 33, has lived in the U.S. since he was a teenager, but he’s still more comfortable reading in his native language. He found this out the hard way a few months ago when he picked up Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs.

After looking up lots of words and progressing slowly, Choi got the Korean version of the Jobs book at Aladdin.

On this Friday afternoon, he bought the business management book.

“Coming to this bookstore, I found that you can discover so many different kinds of books when you visit in-person, and even if you can’t find what you’re looking for, the owner can order it straight from Korea,” said Choi.

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Tucked away in a strip mall in La Mirada, Aladdin Fullerton is one of the last remaining Korean bookstores in Southern California.

Min-woo Nam is the owner of Aladdin Fullerton, one of the last remaining Korean bookstores in Southern California

(Michael Blackshire/Los Angeles Times)

The front table showcases bestselling Korean novels as well as American novels translated into Korean, such as “Crying in H Mart: A Memoir” by Michelle Zauner and “Pachinko” by Min Jin Lee.

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The surrounding shelves feature Christian literature, children books, Korean language workbooks, novels, cookbooks and Japanese manga. Old advertisements for churches and tutoring academies are plastered on the sides of the shelves.

Customers range from immigrants like Choi to parents hoping to pass the language to the next generation to non-Koreans trying to learn Korean.

Min-woo Nam said that when he opened Aladdin Fullerton 20 years ago, there were about eight Korean bookstores in Orange County and another dozen in Los Angeles. Now, his store is one of two left in O.C., with about five left in L.A.’s Koreatown.

The struggle of Korean bookstores, serving a relatively small market of Korean speakers and Korean language learners, mirrors that of mainstream bookstores, amid the rise of e-books and online ordering.

Aladdin Fullerton has fewer customers than it did a decade ago. But Nam, who is the store’s sole employee, chooses to look on the bright side. Loyal customers come back again and again. He still makes a profit. And Buena Park’s own growing Koreatown could bring in more business to the store, which is part of a South Korean chain with over a dozen locations in Seoul that can quickly ship just about any book available in Korea. Many of Nam’s customers phone in orders, then stop by to pick them up.

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The store offers a “lifetime membership” for a one-time $5 fee that comes with a 25% discount, including on online orders.

“Because most other Korean bookstores have closed, it makes it easier to survive when all my competitors are all but gone now,” said Nam, 66. “It’s all about survival.”

The exterior of the Alladin Fullerton bookstore in La Mirada.

(Michael Blackshire/Los Angeles Times)

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On a recent Monday afternoon, In-chong Kim arrived to pick up the books that Nam had ordered for him from Korea on topics ranging from Christianity to science.

Kim, who has been shopping at Aladdin Fullerton for over a decade, called the bookstore a slice of home that should live on as a “kind of cultural site for our community.”

Books on a shelf at the Aladdin Fullerton bookstore.

(Michael Blackshire/Los Angeles Times)

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“This Korean bookstore holds our Korean culture and knowledge in this small space,” said Kim, 65, who is director of the Seoul National University Foundation. “The work the owner is doing here is so special. He doesn’t make much money, but he is keeping a crucial part of our community alive.”

Nam came to the U.S. in 2004 with his wife and two children, opening the bookstore that same year. As an international trader for Samsung, he had worked in Japan and Vietnam for several years, kindling his interest in international affairs and foreign languages.

During slow stretches at the bookstore, he plunges into those subjects. A stack of books on his desk includes a Spanish language workbook, a notebook he uses to practice writing Japanese and a Chinese history book written in Korean.

When shipments from Korea arrive on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, he feels like a little kid opening up a Christmas present, he said.

“I wonder what kind of story this book tells,” he said. “There is not a single boring day here, because I can just read, study and be surrounded by books the entire day.”

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Janet Lee, 18, looks for a book at the Aladdin Fullerton bookstore.

(Michael Blackshire/Los Angeles Times)

On the Friday that Choi came in, Nam unpacked a box from Korea, pulling out about a dozen books. He verified each one in his online system, meticulously cross-checking with handwritten records in a binder he fills with names, dates, phone numbers and book titles in both English and Korean, decorated with colorful markings legible only to him.

He tacked a sticky note with a customer’s name onto each book. Then, he was ready for the Friday afternoon rush of people picking up their orders.

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Fullerton resident John Kim stopped by for a novel by an acquaintance from Korea.

Kim, who works at a construction company, said he doesn’t read much, so he doesn’t come to the store often. Many immigrants, particularly those with young children, don’t have the time or money for reading, he said.

“They’re busy working to put food on the table, so I understand, because when I immigrated here 35 years ago, it was a struggle too,” Kim, 66, said. “So even if we are interested in reading books, oftentimes we can’t afford to.”

A book shipped from Korea can cost around $40, and some customers try to bargain with Nam.

“The price is steeper than I expected,” Sunny Park grumbled as Nam rang up her purchase.

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“Ma’am, it is not cheap delivering books all the way from Korea in less than a week,” Nam said firmly.

Nam chats familiarly with many customers, some of whom he’s known for over a decade, sprinkling in casual English words while maintaining some formality through Korean honorifics.

“I’ll enjoy the drink,” Nam said in Korean after Choi dropped by the store again with a Starbucks iced Americano for him. “Thank you!” Nam then called out in English.

For Allie Bell, Aladdin Fullerton is not a piece of home but a portal to a new one.

Bell began studying Korean to better understand her Korean-speaking dance teacher. She also loved Korean food and was interested in the culture.

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Only two bookstores — Aladdin Fullerton and Bandi Books in Koreatown — carried
the textbooks required for her Korean class, she said.

Bell, 31, a digital marketer who lives in Cypress, said her Korean isn’t good enough to order online herself. She appreciates coming to the store, where Nam can steer her in the right direction, as he does for other customers who are learning Korean as the rise of Korean pop culture spurs interest in the language.

“So I’m very grateful to the time and effort [Nam] spent making sure I get exactly what I need and providing suggestions that would help me on my language-speaking journey,” she said.

John Kim said that passing the Korean language to the next generation is crucial. And language lives through books.

“Everything from our culture to our history can be found in our language,” he said. “If we don’t have that, our Korean identity will start to unravel, so this bookstore is vital to our community.”

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Read Nick Bilton’s Letter to Scott Pelley

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Read Nick Bilton’s Letter to Scott Pelley

Dear Mr. Pelley:

I meant what I said in my letter last week to the 60 Minutes team: joining 60 Minutes is the honor of my career and I am grateful to be working alongside the people who have contributed to the most important television journalism brand this country has ever produced. While I’m new to 60 Minutes, I’ve devoted my career to investigative journalism and storytelling. I started this job excited to collaborate and to benefit from the wisdom and experience of the 60 Minutes veterans, with you among them. For that reason, one of the first things I did in my new role was call you to talk and invite you to dinner. It is a profound disappointment that you rejected that overture and chose ambush instead. Yesterday, you hijacked my first meeting with staff to disparage me, my qualifications, and my intentions with remarkable incivility and contempt. I welcome a diversity of viewpoints and respectful debate among the team, but this was nothing of the sort. Yesterday’s performative display of hostility enacted in front of the staff instead of in a civil, private conversation-demonstrated that you have no interest in contributing to the future success of the show, or approaching my new tenure with a mind open to collaboration and progress. I am here to deliver first-in-class news programming, not to make headlines about newsroom drama. I am eager to work alongside those who share this goal.

Despite yesterday’s misconduct, I had hoped that in sitting down with you today we could find a path forward together. You made clear that you are not interested in such a path.

Your antipathy to the future of the show has come through loud and clear. And I have heard you. I therefore write on behalf of CBS News, Inc. (“CBS”) to inform you that your employment with CBS is terminated for cause effective immediately. Enclosed is your formal termination letter.

Sincerely,

Nick Bilton

Executive Producer, 60 Minutes

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Aspiration co-founder sentenced to 14 years for fraud

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Aspiration co-founder sentenced to 14 years for fraud

The co-founder of Aspiration, Joseph Sanberg, was sentenced to 14 years in prison on Monday after defrauding investors and lenders of over $248 million.

The startup, an eco-friendly digital banking company boasting fossil fuel-free investments, carbon offsets for gas purchases, and a debit card with cash-back benefits for shopping at clean companies, was founded by Sanberg and Andrei Cherny. Cherny left the company in 2022 and has not been charged.

Sanberg, an Orange County native, pleaded guilty to wire fraud in October after being arrested in March last year. Aspiration subsequently filed for bankruptcy and liquidated all of its assets by July.

Sanberg and venture capitalist Ibrahim AlHusseini, who also faces charges, together forged a series of bank statements in order to obtain loans. From 2020 to 2021, the pair forged AlHusseini’s bank statements to show millions of dollars in assets in order to obtain millions of dollars from lenders.

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Additionally, they forged a letter from their audit committee stating that $250 million in funds were available, when in reality Aspiration had less than $1 million. The amount of loans defrauded exceeded $248 million.

In 2021, Sanberg artificially inflated Aspiration’s 2021 revenue by $44 million by recruiting 27 fake customers to sign letters of intent pledging tens of thousands of dollars per month for tree planting services. Sanberg himself funded the contracts and used the inflated revenue numbers to obtain more loans.

The charges sparked an NBA investigation into salary cap allegations due to Aspiration’s connections with Clippers owner Steve Ballmer.

Ballmer personally invested $60 million in Aspiration, all of which was lost. He is now the target of a civil lawsuit alleging his participation in the scheme. Ballmer denies the allegations.

The team announced a $300-million sponsorship deal with Aspiration, and Clippers player Kawhi Leonard signed a four-year, $28-million marketing contract with the company, which reportedly performed no duties. The issue has raised concerns about how players are circumventing the NBA’s salary cap.

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The team lost the $300-million sponsorship deal and an additional $20 million paid for carbon offset purchases.

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Monterey Park takes landmark vote on banning data centers

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Monterey Park takes landmark vote on banning data centers

Residents in the city of Monterey Park will be the first in the nation to vote on a permanent ban on data centers Tuesday.

If approved, Measure NDC would prohibit data centers within the city limits and could only be overturned by another vote.

Yard signs saying “No Data Center” in English and Chinese with images of dragons line sidewalks in the San Gabriel Valley city.

As a wave of data center opposition sweeps the country, numerous towns and counties across the U.S. have instituted temporary moratoria and other restrictions on the facilities. But only a handful have instituted indefinite bans, and just four other towns have sent related matters to the ballot.

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Supporters are hoping the vote will set a precedent for the rest of the region, where residents are fighting proposals in Vernon and City of Industry.

“This is about as permanent a ban as we can get,” said Steven Kung, co-founder of the group No Data Center Monterey Park. “Winning Measure NDC would send a huge message to the rest of the San Gabriel Valley about how residents don’t want data centers.”

The ballot measure emerged from the fight against a 247,000-square-foot center proposed in 2024 by the Australian-owned investment firm HMC StratCap for a residential area in Monterey Park.

The facility would have sat less than 500 feet away from the nearest home and used three times the electricity of the 60,000-person, predominantly Asian American city.

While the developer touted the potential for jobs and tax revenue, residents expressed concerns about noise and air pollution, rising electricity rates and a potential to lower property values.

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The company pulled its plans in late March following public outcry and a March 4 city council vote to extend a temporary data center moratorium and place a ban on Tuesday’s ballot.

In a letter to the city council, HMC StratCap said it would pursue a different use for the land and would not engage in a ballot measure fight.

The city council later banned data centers indefinitely, the first in California to do so, said Mayor Elizabeth Yang. But she’s still been out campaigning for the measure with all four other council members.

“If a council puts in an ordinance, a future council can reverse it too,” said Yang. “With the ballot measure, unbanning it is a lot harder because you need the entire city to vote on it.”

The measure proposes the ban “to protect air quality, drinking water resources, and public health” and “prevent impacts to electricity and water rates.”

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While California places third in the country for existing data centers with about 300 facilities, it hasn’t been a hot spot in the recent AI-driven data center boom. High electricity rates, expensive land and regulatory hurdles mean that fewer, and smaller, facilities are currently planned than in Virginia, Texas, Georgia, Illinois or Arizona.

“Most of California’s data centers are small by today’s standards,” said Shaolei Ren, an engineering professor at UC Riverside who studies how to reduce the environmental impacts of data centers. “Ten years ago, they would be medium-sized, but the power demand for new AI data centers has increased a lot.”

The average operating data center demands 45 megawatts, according to the Washington Post, while the average planned one would draw 430 MW. The one proposed for Monterey Park would have required about 50 MW at peak demand.

As proposals crop up in SoCal, they’re met with fierce opposition. Montebello, El Monte and Baldwin Park have all enacted temporary moratoria, and Alhambra recently banned data centers as part of a zoning code update. City of Industry, Vernon, City of Commerce and Santa Fe Springs are moving in the other direction, trying to court developers and streamline data center approvals. Community groups are fighting that.

Outside the San Gabriel Valley, residents of Coachella and Imperial County are showing up in droves to protest local proposals.

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Matthew Shaw, a volunteer with the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development, who recently published a report on opposition to AI data centers, said a vote to ban them in Monterey Park “would lead to copycats, partially because so many groups are just opposed to any data center development at all.”

While there is no formal opposition to Measure NDC, some building trades like Ironworker Local 433 supported the Monterey Park data center when it was still live before city council. Those in the data center industry are lamenting the state of public opinion.

“These are multi-billion-dollar assets that are built by multi-trillion-dollar companies. These things will get done,” said Mehdi Paryavi, chairman of the International Data Center Authority. “My biggest problem is that our industry does not invest enough in community engagement.”

Paryavi said towns that seek to limit data centers are missing out on thousands of jobs generated by data center construction, operations and customers, as well as faster artificial intelligence speeds and better performance.

Kung said local community organizers are “looking at the empirical evidence” and seeing a ban as a win.

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“We’ve never seen a city that embraces a data center and is like, ‘Look how our quality of life has increased, look how all the revenue has gone into citywide improvements,’” he said. “That just doesn’t exist.”

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