Washington, D.C
LUCC members tackle housing affordability shortage
County officials representing large urban areas across the country traveled to Washington D.C. April 23 to discuss data-driven approaches to expanding housing supply and affordability at a think tank and relay local housing needs to federal agency staff and members of Congress at NACo’s Large Urban County Caucus (LUCC) fly-in.
“Housing, especially housing supply and affordability, is one of the most pressing challenges facing our respective metropolitan areas,” said LUCC Chair Adrian Garcia, who serves as a Harris County, Texas commissioner. “It’s a core constraint, not only on quality of life, but also on economic growth and workforce ability.”
Best practices
Edward Pinto, senior fellow and co-director of the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) Housing Center, outlined three ways local governments can increase housing supply:
- Allow houses to be built on smaller lots, increasing the amount of starter single family homes and townhomes
- Allow lot split flexibilities on existing lots, enabling a variety of dwelling types and sizes to exist on one property (such as duplexes, ADUs and townhomes)
- Expand flexibility to build homes near jobs
“The three most important things in housing affordability are small lot, small lot, small lot,” Pinto said. “Small lots cost less; you get smaller homes on small lots.”
Local governments should encourage the construction of small residential properties — specifically single-family buildings that contain between one and four separate dwelling units, according to Pinto.
“That is the way that you actually make housing affordable,” he said. “… The first home I bought in 1975 [was] 1,400 square feet, three bedrooms, on a 4,800 square foot lot. We don’t build those houses anymore. They’re illegal. You need to activate that.”
Into the early 20th century, it was common to have multiple types of residences — small, large, duplexes, triplexes, townhomes — mixed in the same neighborhood as doctor’s offices, grocery stores and other commercial properties, Pinto said. And not just in urban areas, but in smaller cities, as well, he noted.
That ended when Herbert Hoover, who was the U.S. Secretary of Commerce at the time, appointed a zoning commission to develop a model zoning statute for the states to pass. That statute was based on a Baltimore city ordinance that led to economic segregation, Pinto noted.
In 1910, Baltimore passed the country’s first racial-zoning ordinance, making it illegal for Black people to live in predominantly white neighborhoods, and vice-versa. In 1917, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down racial zoning, declaring it unconstitutional to refuse to sell a home to someone because of their race, so the city then moved to control how land could be developed and used, requiring lots and homes to be a certain minimum size.
“They came upon economic segregation … That’s why they focused on single-family, detached [homes],” Pinto said. “They now could set lot sizes. They could set side yards, front yards, backyards … and they knew there was lots of research that showed that that would just drive the prices up, out of the reach of the people they didn’t want living there.”
Over a century later, it’s these restrictive zoning ordinances that continue to prevent the expansion of housing supply and affordability, Pinto said. In the United States, 38 million people between the ages of 25 to 65 qualify as low-wage workers, meaning they make less than $40,000 a year working full-time. Low-wage workers usually can’t afford to rent one- or two-bedroom units in high-rise buildings. So, if the goal is to expand affordable housing, those types of developments shouldn’t make up such a large share of new construction, he said.
“Of the 40% of low-wage workers that are in rental households, 60% of them live in single family-1 to 4 — the exact things that were being built in Los Angeles that [the Federal Housing Administration] stamped out back in 1935,” he said.
“And the reason is because you can spread the cost … across more than one wager easily, either you’re married, you have roommates, whatever, you’re able to spread it, but it’s very hard to do that in a one-bedroom apartment.”
If counties do rezone land to maximize housing supply, they need to make the replatting process as simple and inexpensive as possible, so that it’s not dragged out, Pinto said.
“If you’re just taking 8,000 square feet, and you’re dividing it into four, 2,000 square foot lots, that should be drop dead simple,” he said. “If it isn’t drop dead simple, you need to make it drop dead simple.”
Federal housing priorities
In December, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) finalized its housing target goals through 2028, which outline that a certain percentage of acquisitions that the enterprises make must support low-income households in low-income areas and multi-family housing, according to Leda Bloomfield, associate director of FHFA’s Office of Housing, Community Investment and Inclusion.
“We want to make sure that you’re providing liquidity not just for the class A new construction, but also for starter homes and homes where we think the vast majority of Americans and families are,” Bloomfield said. “Thinking about, how do we achieve the American dream, to get them into those kinds of housing? And making sure that we support the spectrum of borrowers there.”
FHFA announced April 22 that it’s implementing VantageScore 4.0 and FICO 10T for mortgage underwriting, according to Daniel Fichtler, principal readiness adviser for FHFA’s Division of Conservatorship Oversight and Readiness. They are modern, trended-data credit models approved by the FHFA for mortgage underwriting by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHA replacing older static models. Both analyze 24-plus months of credit behavior, including rent/utility payments, to better predict risk and expand homeownership opportunities.
“They use what’s called trended credit data, which is more accurate, more reliable,” Fichtler said.
“And they also do things like better account for rent payments — those types of obligations that aren’t always as visible on the credit bureau side, but that can give a better picture of certain borrowers’ credit worthiness.
“We think this is going to be a really important development, because it both improves access and improves safety and soundness.”
The 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act, bipartisan legislation the Senate passed in March, would modernize locally administered housing programs and cut artificial costs from regulatory barriers, according to NACo.
If enacted, it would be a “very important step that’s going to help Americans access quality, affordable housing,” said Geoffrey Smith, general deputy assistant secretary, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations.
HUD will continue to work with Congress to expand the housing supply, streamline regulations and lower housing costs for all Americans, Smith said. Deregulation is a “top priority” for the department, he noted.
“HUD is taking bold action to help American families with thoughtful proposals to increase housing and opportunity zones, promoting the value of manufactured housing and addressing just the mountain of red tape out there builders are dealing with right now,” Smith said.
Washington, D.C
Now streaming: ’51st State’ documentary on a young activist’s fight for DC statehood – WTOP News
One of D.C.’s most personal statehood activism stories can now be seen by a larger audience, two years after its premiere.
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WETA+ adds ’51st State’ documentary as DC voters choose new leadership
One of D.C.’s most personal statehood activism stories can now be seen by a larger audience, two years after its premiere.
WETA has added the documentary “51st State” to its District Docs collection, now streaming on WETA+. The station has also posted the documentary on its YouTube channel.
Voters in last week’s D.C. Democratic primary selected nominees for mayor and delegate who have vowed to keep up the fight for the District’s autonomy, so it’s a fitting time to revisit the film, which follows a young Washingtonian whose life has been shaped by the fight for representation.
D.C. statehood movement is personal for Jamal Holtz. It started long before he became the face of a movement or the subject of a documentary. It began at home.
“When my mom talked about having lack of access to health insurance and the impacts on me and going to school, that was all rooted in our lack of being a state,” Holtz said. “The fact that we didn’t have a vote on the matter of the Affordable Care Act was to show people that, like, people in D.C. actually experience real issues and real problems.”
“51st State” director Hannah Rosenzweig first met Holtz at a 2021 event in Brooklyn organized by 51 for 51 and New Yorkers for D.C. Statehood. The group pushes for D.C. to become a state with 51 votes in the Senate instead of the 60‑vote filibuster threshold.
Rosenzweig said one part of the movement immediately caught her attention.
“I just love the framing of young native Washingtonians,” Rosenzweig said. “Really looking at them as part of a voting rights and civil rights movement.”
She said Holtz stood out from the beginning, saying she knew “he was going places.”
“He’s a leader,” Rosenzweig said. “He’s charismatic — people listen when he talks.”
Filming began in June 2021, when Holtz was 23.
Holtz, who is now 28, said: “You had me when I had braces, to me with facial hair and no braces.”
Serving the community isn’t new to Holtz. He was a member of the Marion Barry Youth Leadership Institute, the city’s long‑running program that trains D.C. teenagers in leadership and public service.
The documentary, which premiered June 16, 2024, at the DC/DOX Film Festival, follows the push for statehood through the House’s passage of H.R. 51, the advocacy campaign in the Senate and the everyday life of a fourth‑generation Washingtonian.
“It talks about D.C. statehood through a different lens,” Holtz said. “What does lack of statehood look like in people’s day‑to‑day lives?”
Rosenzweig said she wanted viewers to see the real Washington — the neighborhoods and the families who rarely appear in national conversations about the city.
“There’s a culture of D.C. that most people don’t know about,” she said. “I love that. In fact, I wanted to move there.”
Holtz spoke to WTOP outside the Wilson Building by the Marion Barry statue, and was asked where he saw himself in 20 years.
“I’ll be standing on the grounds of the 51st state,” Holtz said. “Helping to govern our state and helping live up to the American dream and democracy that the people of D.C. want.”
When the question turned to which office sounded more fun, governor or senator, Holtz smiled and said, “The title will figure it out.”
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Washington, D.C
Reflecting pool to be drained again as Trump claims five vandalism arrests
The Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool is set to be drained again after Donald Trump said on Monday – without providing proof – that five people were arrested for vandalism and five more are under investigation in connection to the algae blooms and peeling paint that appeared weeks after his ill-fated $14m renovation attempt.
“It’s not a lot of damage, but we’ll probably have to let the water out and refix it. They went in there with a knife,” Trump told reporters, describing what he first said was a 290- to 300ft slit in the paint but then later amended to a 350ft slit. He also said someone had put fertilizer into the water, which caused the algae to grow.
Reporters who visited the pool on Sunday could see no evidence of such damage, the Washington Post reported.
The newspaper also interviewed three-time Olympic cyclist David Hearn, who said he had been arrested by US park police on a misdemeanor charge after stopping by the refurbished pool and, out of curiosity, touching one of the pieces of peeling paint liner.
Trump has sought to turn the monument “American flag blue” in time for the for the country’s 250th birthday, which included painting the bottom of the pool a dark shade of navy officially called “Old Glory Blue”.
He awarded a no-bid contract to a company he said had previously done work on swimming pools at one of his golf clubs, and within days of the completion of the work, the water started to appear green from algae plaguing the standing water and the coating of paint applied during the renovation also started to detach.
On Monday, Trump was adamant it was not the pool company to blame for the algae blooms and peeling paint, but “vandals”. When pushed to provide evidence of his claims, he told reporters to call the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. Neither agency responded immediately to a request for comment, nor did the US park police.
When asked how alleged vandals were able to get so close to one of Washington DC’s most historically symbolic attractions, where there is a heavy police presence, Trump responded that “we didn’t have a lot” of police then.
“Who would think that somebody would go into a pool and take a knife and start cutting it?” he asked.
It’s unclear when the pool will be drained, but a spokesperson with the DC Water Authority said the agency has issued the national parks service a temporary permit to discharge water into a sewer that flows into a local treatment facility. The permit was issued 16 June and expires 2 July, the spokesperson said.
Trump had earlier posted on social media that “there is a 10-year prison sentence for the destruction, or even the attempted destruction, of such things – Which will be fully enforced!”
Destruction of federal property can carry a maximum prison sentence of 10 years.
Washington, D.C
Alan Greenspan, the legendary former Federal Reserve chair, dies
Former Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan delivers the keynote address at the IMF Statistical Forum/Statistics for Policy Making in Washington, D.C., on Nov. 18, 2014. Greenspan died on Monday at age 100.
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Former Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan delivers the keynote address at the IMF Statistical Forum/Statistics for Policy Making in Washington, D.C., on Nov. 18, 2014. Greenspan died on Monday at age 100.
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Alan Greenspan, who steered the Federal Reserve for nearly two decades, through some of the longest economic booms in U.S. history, has died. Greenspan died Monday at his home in Washington. He was 100.
Greenspan was the rare celebrity among central bankers, lionized for his economic stewardship in the 1990s. At a time when it seemed every barbershop had a television tuned to the stock market channel, ordinary Americans hung on the Fed chairman’s every word.
His reputation was tarnished, however, by the global financial crisis which struck a decade later.


Greenspan liked to write speeches in the bathtub, but it was his listeners who were sometimes left feeling underwater by the unfamiliar dialect known as “Fedspeak.”
Greenspan later acknowledged that he would deliberately garble his syntax to avoid saying anything that might move financial markets.
A notorious exception came in 1996, when Greenspan seemed to suggest that stock prices might be getting ahead of themselves.
“How do we know when irrational exuberance has unduly escalated asset prices,” he asked during a speech at the American Enterprise Institute.
The warning that exuberant investors might not be quite rational sent temporary shivers through global stock markets. But Greenspan’s own stock continued to climb.
Fed Chair Alan Greenspan testifies before the Joint Economic Committee in Congress in Washington, D.C., on June 17, 1999.
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Fed Chair Alan Greenspan testifies before the Joint Economic Committee in Congress in Washington, D.C., on June 17, 1999.
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Greenspan dabbled in jazz
He was married to NBC news anchor Andrea Mitchell, who anounced his death in a statement, and the two made a somewhat unlikely power couple. Comedian Jay Leno once joked during a White House Correspondents Association dinner that Mitchell, not then-First Lady Hillary Clinton, was married to “the most powerful man in the world.”
Greenspan was a talented jazz musician who studied clarinet and saxophone at Juilliard. But it was economics that made him a rock star and a symbol of the widely-shared prosperity at the end of the 20th century.
A master of monetary policy, Greenspan led the central bank under four different presidents, beginning in 1987.
Much of his tenure was marked by falling unemployment. Traditionally, central bankers respond to low unemployment by raising interest rates to ward off inflation. But Greenspan broke with that tradition and kept borrowing costs low.
“He was willing to watch and wait as the unemployment rate drifted lower and lower and lower and lower, and we still had no inflation,” recalled Princeton economist Alan Blinder, who served under Greenspan on the Fed’s governing board.
Former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan and his wife television journalist Andrea Mitchell attend a reception with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda at the Japanese embassy in Washington, D.C., on April 29, 2012.
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Former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan and his wife television journalist Andrea Mitchell attend a reception with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda at the Japanese embassy in Washington, D.C., on April 29, 2012.
Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images
Greenspan oversaw an economic boom
Greenspan’s gamble with low rates paid off, and the economy kept booming for a decade, although critics argue his easy-money policies also helped inflate the dot-com bubble and later fueled the subprime mortgage meltdown.


In addition to low interest rates, Greenspan pursued a light touch on regulation, refusing to use the Fed’s powers to crack down on risky lending. His libertarian philosophy was shaped in part by the novelist Ayn Rand.
Greenspan had been a member of Rand’s inner circle, contributing chapters to her book, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal. When Greenspan joined the Ford administration as an economic adviser, Rand attended his swearing-in ceremony.
“Greenspan said that Ayn Rand put the moral foundation under capitalism for him,” said Rand’s biographer, Anne Heller.
Greenspan believed bankers didn’t need heavy-handed regulation because their own self-interest would prevent them from taking undue risks. Only after risky banking helped trigger the global financial crisis in 2008 — two years after he left the Fed — would Greenspan sheepishly admit that he’d been wrong.
“I was shocked because I had going for 40 years or more with very considerable evidence that it was working exceptionally well,” Greenspan told a congressional committee investigating the financial meltdown.
Then-President Bill Clinton talks with then-Fed Chair Greenspan during the receiving line at the White House in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 31, 1999.
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Then-President Bill Clinton talks with then-Fed Chair Greenspan during the receiving line at the White House in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 31, 1999.
Tim Sloan/AFP via Getty Images
Greenspan long advocated for a light regulatory touch
The idea that bankers will sometimes take dangerous risks if they’re allowed to should not have come as a surprise to Greenspan, however.
Decades earlier, he’d played a bit part in the savings-and-loan crisis, which was a kind of dress rehearsal for the 2008 financial crisis.
As a private economist in the 1980s, Greenspan provided a testimonial for what he called “seasoned and expert” management at Lincoln Savings and Loan, in an effort to ward of regulation of the thrift.
Lincoln later collapsed, costing taxpayers billions. And its boss, Charles Keating, went to prison for fraud.
Economist Vincent Reinhart said it took courage for Greenspan to acknowledge, however belatedly, that self-interest is not always enough to protect taxpayers and investors from the risky behavior of bankers.
“For Alan Greenspan to say, ‘Well, maybe markets don’t always get it right,’ is a reflection on his entire career, not just his tenure at the Fed,” Reinhart said.
Ultimately, Greenspan’s will be remembered as both a maestro of monetary policy and a reluctant regulator. His legacy is shaped by the boom he fostered, and by the bust he failed to prevent.
John Ydstie contributed to this report.
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