Crypto
BIS Report: Crypto Earn Products Resemble Deposits With No FDIC Protection
Key Takeaways:
- The BIS Financial Stability Institute warned in April 2026 that major crypto platforms like Binance and Coinbase now operate more like banks than trading venues.
- Celsius Network collapsed in 2022 after a USD 1.4 billion depositor run exposed maturity mismatches with no deposit insurance backstop.
- Only 11 of 28 jurisdictions reviewed by the FSB in 2025 had a finalized regulatory framework addressing financial stability risks from crypto intermediaries.
Crypto Earn Accounts Exposed as Uninsured Deposits, BIS Research Warns
The report, authored by Denise Garcia Ocampo of the BIS and Peter Goodrich and Gian-Piero Lovicu of the Financial Stability Board, focused on what researchers call multifunction crypto asset intermediaries, or MCIs. The term covers firms like Binance, Bybit, Coinbase, Crypto.com, Kraken, MEXC and OKX.
These platforms have expanded well beyond spot trading and custody. They now offer yield-bearing earn accounts, margin lending, derivatives, and token issuance, functions typically separated across different licensed entities in traditional finance.
The total crypto asset market stood at approximately $3 trillion at the end of 2025. Centralized exchanges processed roughly $6 to $8 trillion in spot and futures volume each quarter. Binance alone held about 39% of global centralized spot trading volume. The top five MCIs collectively served an estimated 200 to 230 million users.
The paper’s central concern is the earn product. When customers deposit crypto into Binance Simple Earn or Bybit Easy Earn, terms and conditions transfer ownership of those assets to the platform. The MCI pools the funds, deploys them across lending, market-making and DeFi, and pays users a variable yield. Customers become unsecured creditors, not depositors with legal protections.
That structure creates short-term redeemable liabilities backed by longer-duration or less liquid assets. Researchers call this maturity and liquidity transformation, the same risk that bank regulators manage through capital and liquidity requirements. MCIs face it without those guardrails.
The collapse of Celsius Network in 2022 illustrated the exposure. Celsius experienced net withdrawals of more than $1.4 billion between May and June of that year. By June 12 the platform froze withdrawals. When it filed for bankruptcy on July 12, its balance sheet showed a billion-dollar deficit. The bankruptcy court confirmed Celsius earn users were general unsecured creditors.
A flash crash on Oct. 10, 2025, reinforced the concern. Crypto asset prices fell sharply over 30 minutes, triggering cascading automated liquidations across derivatives platforms. Reported direct losses reached $19 billion the following day. Binance suffered an operational outage during the event, and three tokens used as margin collateral, including an algorithmic stablecoin, temporarily lost their pegs. Binance announced $283 million in customer compensation following the incident.
The report reviewed terms and conditions from eight major MCIs between November 2025 and March 2026 and found that most earn products grant the platform full discretion over deposited assets, commingle them with other customer funds, and reserve the right to suspend redemptions without notice.
Leverage adds further risk. Some platforms allow retail customers up to 150-to-1 margin on derivatives contracts. The paper draws a direct line from that leverage to the October 2025 liquidation cascade.
The FSB’s 2025 thematic review found that only 11 of 28 participating jurisdictions, roughly 39%, had a finalized regulatory framework addressing financial stability. Just two of those covered borrowing and lending by MCIs. Three covered earn products.
The authors call for prudential capital and liquidity requirements, governance standards, stress testing and consolidated supervision applied at the group level. They recommend a combination of entity-based and activity-based regulation, noting that activity-based rules alone cannot address the funding and liquidity risks MCIs carry.
Cross-border cooperation remains a core gap. Many large MCIs allocate functions across dozens of jurisdictions through separate legal entities, and formal supervisory information-sharing agreements between regulators remain uncommon.
Crypto
CLARITY Act Needs 60 Votes and 7 Democrats as GOP Races the August Recess Clock
Key Takeaways
Pressure Builds as the Legislative Window Narrows
The push was reported by Eleanor Terrett, host of “ Crypto in America,” who said GOP lawmakers are increasingly anxious to move the bill once senators return from their break. She tied the renewed sense of urgency to heightened political pressure following the fallout from a contentious housing bill, as well as a growing realization that time is running short. She further added:
“Pressure and time constraints could ultimately create the conditions needed to strike a deal.”
Lawmakers and analysts broadly agree that the Senate must act before August for the legislation to have a realistic shot this year. The CLARITY Act would establish a federal framework dividing oversight of digital assets between the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). It is a long-sought goal for an industry that has complained for years about regulatory uncertainty in the U.S. The House of Representatives passed its version of the measure in 2025.
From the outside looking in, the arithmetic seems to be a central hurdle as Republicans hold 53 Senate seats, which means the bill needs at least seven Democratic votes to overcome the 60-vote cloture threshold and reach a final floor vote. The Senate Banking Committee advanced the legislation in a 15-9 vote in May, placing it on the calendar but leaving the floor fight unresolved.
Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) has set an end-of-July target and warned that missing the window could push enforceable digital-asset rules to 2030. Reporting indicates that the House is prepared to move quickly to reconcile the two versions if the Senate passes its bill before the recess, with the lower chamber scheduling back-to-back hearings in July touching on crypto policy.
Industry pressure has also intensified, with more than 200 organizations, including Coinbase and Ripple, urging Senate leaders to bring the bill to the floor. A separate coalition representing over 1,200 technology companies has pressed for swift passage as U.S. crypto rules face mounting global competition. Groups of former national security officials and crypto founders have added their names to the mix as well in recent weeks.
That said, not everyone is on board with these developments, and Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), ranking member of the Senate Banking Committee, recently argued that the bill in its current form could “blow up the economy.” That opposition is part of why supporters need to peel off a handful of Democrats to reach 60 votes.
What Comes Next
The next step is a Senate floor vote, where the bill’s bipartisan support will face its broadest test. Even if it clears that hurdle, the Senate text would still need to be reconciled with the House’s 2025 version before anything could reach the president’s desk.
As things stand, the August recess functions as a hard deadline in the minds of the bill’s backers. The post-recess stretch runs into an election-year calendar that supporters fear could stall momentum, which is why several lawmakers describe the coming weeks as the bill’s best and possibly final opening this Congress.
Crypto
Crypto Insiders Say Daily Senate Meetings Keep CLARITY Act Alive | PYMNTS.com
With time running out to strike a deal on cryptocurrency legislation, U.S. senators remain divided on several issues, Semafor reported Thursday (June 25).
Crypto
Bitcoin Slides Nearly 20% in June as $715M in Crypto Long Bets Collapse
Key Takeaways
- Bitcoin erased its plunge to a 2026 low of $58,035 on Thursday morning, staging a rapid relief rally.
- Forced liquidations across the crypto market topped $1 billion, wiping out $484 million in bitcoin bets.
- Boris Alergant of Babylon Labs warns that AI competition may pressure bitcoin prices through the summer.
Volatility Grips Bitcoin After Fresh YTD Low
After plummeting to a fresh year-to-date (YTD) low of $58,035 Thursday morning, bitcoin rebounded to erase its 24-hour losses. While the flat net performance paints a stable picture, the daily chart tells a different story—revealing violent price swings that triggered the moment bitcoin crossed below $59,000 on Wednesday.
Data shows bitcoin breached $61,000 less than three hours after tumbling to what was then its YTD low. Although it subsequently dropped below this level, the cryptocurrency traded close to it until shortly after midnight, when another rally eventually pushed it past $61,800. While it lost momentum before reaching $62,000, it nonetheless managed to hold above $61,000 until 9:20 a.m. EDT.
While its plunge to $58,000 took less than 30 minutes, a relief rally saw the cryptocurrency reclaim $59,000 about half an hour later. At the time of writing (1:42 p.m. EDT), the top cryptocurrency traded slightly above $59,500, translating to a mere 0.4% drop over 24 hours. This marginal drop left its market capitalization still under the $1.2 trillion mark.
With the June curtain closing, bitcoin is increasingly poised to clock 30-day losses north of 20% and leave the first half of 2026 bleeding out by more than 30%. The retreat exposes just how far the mighty have fallen; since scaling an all-time high of over $126,000 in October 2025, bitcoin has seen more than half of its peak value utterly erased.
A Crypto Crisis or a Macro Realignment?
Meanwhile, on the derivatives market, bitcoin’s price action over 24 hours saw $484 million in leveraged positions liquidated, with long bets accounting for approximately 70%, or $339 million. Overall, the crypto economy saw $1.01 billion in leveraged positions wiped out, with long bets accounting for $715 million.
As bitcoin continues to slide to fresh yearly lows, investor panic is palpable, forcing many to scramble for the exits. However, seasoned analysts argue this is a macro story, not a fundamental failure. Boris Alergant, head of GTM at Babylon Labs, maintains that the sell-off mirrors a broader, market-wide risk-off reset rather than an isolated crypto event. If anything, Alergant suggests, this volatility proves bitcoin is no longer an island—it is deeply integrated into the traditional financial machine.
“It reacts to liquidity, rates, positioning, and institutional flows in the same way other major macro assets do. Near term, I do think the market could remain under pressure through the summer. AI has been absorbing a significant amount of investor mindshare, capital, and talent that might otherwise have flowed into crypto. With major AI companies moving closer to the public markets, there also appears to be some repositioning happening across growth and technology exposure more broadly,” Alergant said.
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