Alaska
How to prepare for a likely volcano eruption in Southcentral Alaska – Anchorage Daily News
In the days since scientists warned that Mount Spurr, Anchorage’s closest volcano, is likely to erupt within “the next few weeks to months,” Southcentral Alaska residents have snapped into preparation mode.
Here’s what residents should know to protect their children, pets, homes and vehicles from about one-eighth of an inch to a quarter-inch of ash that scientists say is likely to coat Southcentral Alaska in the near future.
The basics
Mount Spurr sits 78 miles northwest of Anchorage at the southernmost end of the Tordrillo Mountains, and is visible from the city on clear days. Its Crater Peak, the southern vent of Spurr volcano, has erupted four times in the last 100 years: in 1953, and three times in 1992. In two of those eruptions, about a quarter-inch of ashfall rained down across Southcentral communities for several hours, temporarily shutting down airports, offices and schools, according to the Alaska Volcano Observatory. The cost of cleanup in 1992 was about $2 million.
The most widespread hazard for Alaskans if Mount Spurr erupts will be from volcanic ashfall, according to an FAQ published by the state’s Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management.
The ash — which is made up of pulverized jagged rock, mineral and glass — can impair visibility, labor breathing and damage lungs, and fail engines in cars and planes, the FAQ says.
Official ashfall warnings will be issued by the National Weather Service’s Anchorage Forecast Office, and will include where ash is expected to fall, when and how much.
According to an ASH ALERT! advisory published by the state on March 10, residents are advised to prepare disaster supply kits with standard items including two weeks’ worth of nonperishable food, water, flashlights and external cellphone chargers.
Additional, volcano eruption-specific supplies include N95 masks for adults and children, spare air and oil filters, washer fluids for vehicles, and plastic sheeting to protect outdoor equipment.
[Previously: A Mount Spurr eruption is ‘likely’ within weeks or months, scientists say]
Transportation
Ashfall poses the most lethal threat to aviation, experts say.
Airborne ash can damage visibility, impair flight control systems, and cause jet engine failure, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
During the 1992 Spurr eruption, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport shut down for 20 hours, according to the Alaska Volcano Observatory.
In the event of an ashfall that’s carried by winds southeast, toward Anchorage and its surrounding area, the National Weather Service’s Anchorage office would issue an ash warning. Planes in the area would likely be grounded as a result.
Ash can also make roads slippery, reduce visibility and damage vehicles.
During an ashfall, the state recommends Alaskans stay off the road. Afterward, vehicle owners are advised to wash their vehicle thoroughly with water, and change their oil, oil filter and air filters.
Do not attempt to dry brush ash off a vehicle or it will scratch, mechanics and car parts salesmen said. The same goes for windshields: use wiper fluid anytime you use your wipers to avoid scratching your windshield.
John Hennessy, a salesperson at O’Reilly Auto Parts on Northern Lights, said there’s been a surge of customers coming in for certain vehicle products.
Air filters, cabin filters, car covers, engine covers, washer fluids “and for some weird reason, antifreeze” have been flying off the shelves in the past week, Hennessy said. “Some of them are getting ready for doomsday,” he said.
Pets
Pets and livestock, too, should be kept inside or sheltered from ashfall as much as possible, vets and state officials warn. Particularly sensitive areas are their eyes, nose and lungs, according to the state’s FAQ.
Livestock, if not covered, should be moved to an area free from vegetation and ash accumulation, according to the state. Animals should not consume food that’s been contaminated by ash.
The Alaska Veterinary Clinic recommends pet owners “immediately wash ash off pet’s fur or skin with clean water if they’re exposed and flush eyes with eye water solution,” according to a fact sheet the clinic prepared. The clinic also recommends pet jackets, or protective clothing, goggles, booties and canine-specific filtered masks to further protect animals.
AK Bark, a pet supply store in Anchorage, is selling all the bells and whistles for pet preparedness, owner Mark Robokoff said this week.
He said his store has sold roughly 800 canine masks, 100 pairs of goggles, and tons of dog booties since the Alaska Volcano Observatory’s announcement. They also carry power-washers to clean paws, ear muffs, full-body raincoats and pee pads, he said.
The key, Robokoff said, is to get dogs comfortable wearing the gear beforehand, so they’re not stressed when and if the time comes.
Homes
Chugach Electric Association isn’t anticipating a power outage in the event of an eruption, but said residents should be prepared nonetheless.
“Just because the volcano erupts doesn’t mean there will be a power outage, like it’s not an imminent reaction,” company spokesperson Julie Hasquet said. “It would depend on the amount of ash, and how long it lasted.”
In 2009, the next closest volcano to Anchorage in the chain — Redoubt — erupted, coating Homer, Anchor Point and Seldovia with an eighth of an inch of ash, according to the Alaska Volcano Observatory. But it didn’t cause a power outage for Chugach Electric’s 91,000 customers from Anchorage to the northern Kenai Peninsula.
Ash can also clog heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The U.S. Geological Survey recommends residents add “temporary filtration” to external air intakes, and to monitor and vacuum excess ash from the air intakes regularly.
Joe Atafua, store manager for the O’Reilly Auto Parts location on DeBarr Road, said a lot of customers have been coming in asking for pantyhose to use as temporary filters on engines and HVAC systems. As a result, he’s looking into sourcing a bulk order, he said.
Schools
Local school districts have communicated tentative action plans to families this week in the event of an eruption.
The Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District and Anchorage School District each said they will base their actions on several variables.
“Depending on the time of day, size of the eruption, and anticipated weather pattern related to any ash fall, potential responses may include school cancellations, early dismissal, or shelter-in-place protocols,” Mat-Su Borough School District spokesperson John Notestine wrote in a memo to families on March 16.
The Anchorage School District wrote that schools will close if they’re not in session and ashfall is forecast, and release kids early if they are in session and ashfall is imminent, according to a March 21 notice.
Every ASD school also has a volcano response plan with shelter-in-place procedures and air quality measures, the notice reads.
Next steps
Mount Spurr hasn’t shown any dramatic changes in the past week, according to Matt Haney, scientist-in-charge at the volcano observatory, jointly run by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Geophysical Institute and the state Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
His team was conducting another flight over the volcano on March 21 to measure gas levels, which contribute to eruption likelihood, he said.
Scientists are also actively monitoring seismic data from Spurr that’s remotely captured and transmitted to the group’s Anchorage office in real time.
“We’re looking for a particular signal called volcanic tremor, that one often sees before volcanoes kind of make the final push towards going to an eruption,” Haney said on March 20. “We have not seen that yet.”
Based on past volcanic eruption behavior, there should be ample time to send out warnings before an eruption, Haney said. Volcanic tremors started three weeks before the June 1992 Spurr eruption, and two months before Redoubt erupted in 2009.
“It just doesn’t happen without any warning,” he said.
🚨In the event that Mount Spurr does erupt, Anchorage Animal care & Control will remain open to the public. 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(Bill Roth / ADN) ","copyright":"©Anchorage Daily News","created_date":"2025-03-19T02:13:06Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Bill Roth","type":"author"}],"by":[{"byline":"Bill Roth / ADN","name":"Bill Roth / ADN","type":"author"}]},"height":4024,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2025-03-19T02:13:06Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"adn"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"status":"","subtitle":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","taxonomy":{},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/adn/TUIXNVZC4ND33COEQG24AVZG6Y.JPG","version":"0.10.9","width":6036,"syndication":{"external_distribution":"","search":""}},{"_id":"PUMTJCL425BCNEXPCFYRIBTHOA","additional_properties":{"_id":1742597386124},"content":"“We’re looking for a particular signal called volcanic tremor, that one often sees before volcanoes kind of make the final push towards going to an eruption,” Haney said on March 20. “We have not seen that yet.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"DM7DAJ3X2FFJ5FGWXINDADVNEY","additional_properties":{"_id":1742597386125},"content":"Based on past volcanic eruption behavior, there should be ample time to send out warnings before an eruption, Haney said. 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The Department of Corrections this week reported the 18th death of an inmate this year, tying the record for the highest number of annual in-custody deaths in at least the past decade.
Kane William Huff, who had been imprisoned at Goose Creek Correctional Center near Wasilla, died Dec. 11, according to a DOC statement. Huff, 46, was serving a sentence for a 2018 conviction on two counts of sexual abuse of a minor, according to online court records. DOC officials said he had been in custody since 2015.
Huff was found unresponsive in the prison’s infirmary, where he had been housed, said Department of Public Safety spokesman Austin McDaniel. Alaska State Troopers, who handle in-custody death investigations, have closed their investigation and are awaiting autopsy results from the State Medical Examiner Office, McDaniel said. Troopers don’t believe Huff died by suicide or that foul play was involved, he said.
The last time as many people died in state custody was in 2022, when a record seven inmates also died by suicide, according to a department snapshot of deaths since 2015.
The Department of Corrections began consistently keeping inmate death statistics in 2001, said spokesperson Betsy Holley. The department also posts data showing in-custody deaths since 2015. That year, 15 people died while in DOC custody.
The state’s official count for 2025 doesn’t include the death of 36-year-old William Farmer, who died in a hospital in January after he was severely beaten by his cellmate at the Anchorage Correctional Complex the month before.
An upward trend of in-custody deaths in the past several years has alarmed some prisoner rights advocates and prompted state lawmakers to ask Department of Corrections officials to address the deaths in multiple hearings this year. The department has also found itself under fire for inmate suicides.
This year, at least four inmates have died of natural or expected causes, such as disease or a medical event, while at least five have died by suicide, according to information provided by Alaska State Troopers.
Officials have also said that a Spring Creek Correctional Center prisoner died of an overdose in April.
Another inmate, 53-year-old Jeffrey Foreman, died in July after being restrained by guards after an altercation with his cellmate at the Anchorage Correctional Complex.
[Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly described the year the Department of Corrections started consistently keeping inmate death statistics. It was 2001, not 2015.]
Alaska
LNG pipeline legislation debate divides Alaska lawmakers after consultant calls it ‘essential’
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – Alaska lawmakers are divided over whether new legislation is needed for a liquified natural gas pipeline, with the state’s energy consultant calling it “essential” while some legislators say existing laws are sufficient.
“A successful project will likely require suitable enabling legislation from the state legislature, among other key prerequisites,” state-contracted energy consulting firm GaffneyCline, hired by the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee for up to $200,000 in April 2024, says in a document made public for the first time Monday.
The 62-page document, presented to the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee last month, concludes that legislation is essential for the pipeline to be viable but more needs to be done to get the project across the finish line.
“A detailed economic model of the project is required before the legislature can take an informed view as to the appropriate degree of government take that the project can sustain, and how this could evolve over time,” the document states.
Alaska’s News Source reached out to Glenfarne Tuesday for comment on who presents the economic model and when that model could be presented. Spokesperson Tim Fitzpatrick referred on the report for GaffneyCline.
“We will continue to work closely with the legislature to discuss policy issues that may affect Alaska LNG and work collaboratively on solutions that enable Glenfarne to provide Alaskans with affordable energy security as rapidly as possible,” he said in a statement.
The document’s release comes amid optimism from pipeline developers and federal officials but growing skepticism from some state lawmakers.
During a November Legislative Budget and Audit Committee which discussed the same topic, House Speaker Bryce Edgmon, NA-Dillingham, left believing “the upcoming 2026 legislative session could be dominated by policy measures related to advancing the Alaska gas line project.”
“We don’t have any of this,” Edgmon said last month, relating to laws GaffneyCline says are essential.
Rep. Mia Costello, R-Anchorage, former House minority leader and co-chair of the Alaska Gasline Caucus, said she believes legislation for the pipeline is not needed, citing previous legislative involvement.
“Large scale LNG projects around the world are successfully developed through commercial agreements, private capital, and existing regulatory processes not legislative intervention,” Costello said in a statement. “Alaska already has established permitting, taxation, and regulatory framework capable of supporting energy development. Legislative involvement risks introducing political uncertainty, delaying timelines, and discouraging investors who prioritize stability and market driven decision-making.”
However, Sen. Elvi Gray-Jackson, D-Anchorage, told Alaska’s News Source the policy measures currently in place are more than a decade old, created for a different project, and don’t easily mesh with the task in front of them today.
“When project leadership … and financial models change, it’s our responsibility to revisit the policy framework that governs the state involvement, and that’s what we’re going to do as a legislature,” Gray-Jackson said.
Legislative action?
The asks pipeline developers want in those policies could be steep.
On the list of asks is a concept called “fiscal stability,” essentially a promise if Alaska changes its tax or regulatory policies later, the state would make up any financial losses to investors, according to a GaffneyCline presentation shown to lawmakers on the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee.
Those guarantees can mean a “tax freeze” — locking in the current tax system for the life of the project — potentially 20-30 years, according to GaffneyCline’s presentation to lawmakers. If Alaska later raises taxes or imposes new regulations, the presentation said the state would have to compensate investors to maintain their original profit expectations.
Another ask is the lowering of property taxes for the pipeline, something GaffneyCline’s November presentation said could cost the project $1 billion and add 9% to the cost of delivered gas.
Gov. Mike Dunleavy plans to introduce a bill to lower property taxes for the pipeline, spokesperson Jeff Turner confirmed Tuesday. No other LNG bills are planned at this time, he added.
Time crunch
Whatever the legislature decides to do, they’ll need to do it quickly. The regular session convenes Jan. 20, and for the following 120 days, the process to create a package of policies and framework addressing LNG issues will likely be front of mind.
That comes after Glenfarne Alaska LNG set expectations in October that construction for the pipeline will begin in late 2026 and be operational by mid-2029.
“What Alaskans should take away from the report is that we need to hope for the best, but prepare for the situation not moving as fast as Glenfarne and the other players are thinking,” Gray-Jackson said.
Lawmakers have signaled a mixture of optimism for what the pipeline could create, but it comes with skepticism, too. Gray-Jackson said she was “cautiously optimistic.”
“Frankly, I don’t know where we’re at as far as the legislature is concerned because we haven’t gotten any real answers from Glenfarne,” Gray-Jackson said.
A Glenfarne spokesperson said last month they are active in providing information to the state legislature.
“Glenfarne is making rapid progress on Alaska LNG and regularly meets with legislators to provide updates and discuss important state and local policy considerations,” Glenfarne communications director Tim Fitzpatrick said. “We appreciate the legislature’s continued engagement to help make Alaska LNG a success for the state.”
“I understand the potential, huge, multi-generational impact of the state, as well as being very positive,” Sen. Bert Stedman, R-Sitka, told Alaska’s News Source following the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee meeting in November.
“Concentrating on the benefit of the project that we know, if it’s successful, it’s going to be very beneficial, and if it’s unsuccessful, it could be detrimental for generations.”
“Will the project even come unless we present the right scenario?” House Majority Leader Chuck Kopp, R-Anchorage, asked Nick Fulford, GaffneyCline senior director and global head of gas and LNG.
“You mentioned the buyers want 20–30 years of stability … our fiscal framework might be a little bit out of alignment, if I’m hearing you correctly,” Kopp said.
“If those things are all true, our needs, our situation, us being out of alignment, we’re going to have to look at possibly a reality that this line doesn’t even get [built],” the representative added.
Federal permits completed
The project completed 20 federal permits and environmental reviews last week, according to the Permitting Council, clearing what the governor called “the last major regulatory hurdle.”
“Alaska LNG received the major federal permits needed to proceed in 2020,” Fitzpatrick said. “Some of these permits have a five-year renewal cycle, which was completed last week and all of Alaska LNG’s major permits are current and in effect. Glenfarne has an ongoing process to maintain permits and authorizations for Alaska LNG.”
With the permits cleared, the pipeline inches toward a final investment decision (FID). Natural Gas Intelligence, a natural gas news provider, described an FID as “the last step of determining whether to move forward with the sanctioning and construction of an infrastructure project.”
A source familiar with the pipeline developments previously told Alaska’s News Source to expect an FID early next year.
“Alaska LNG will strengthen our economy, create long-term jobs, and provide reliable energy to Alaskans and our global partners for generations to come,” Dunleavy said.
“I am thrilled to see the Alaska LNG project finish federal permitting actions ahead of schedule,” said Permitting Council Executive Director Emily Domenech in the press release.
“This combined effort reflects our commitment to the State of Alaska and to achieving President Trump’s energy dominance agenda.”
Domenech visited the state alongside the congressional Natural Resources Committee in August, when Dunleavy signed a deal with the Trump administration aimed at bringing more resource development investment will come to Alaska.
LNG, however, was not heavily discussed at the meeting.
“Completing federal permitting for Alaska LNG ahead of schedule shows how the Trump administration is restoring America’s Energy Dominance by cutting unnecessary delays and unleashing our abundant resources,” Interior Secretary Doug Burgum said in the release. “This project strengthens U.S. energy security, creates jobs for Alaskans, and reinforces our commitment to a permitting system that works at the speed of American innovation.”
National momentum
The federal push comes as as GaffneyCline’s presentation said both LNG supply and demand are expected to boom globally. Liquefaction, or the process of turning gas into liquid, is expected to increase by 42% by 2030, reaching about 594 million tons per year.
This summer, Dunleavy vetoed several bills and cut more than $100 million from the state budget, largely due to reduced state revenues from oil price declines.
“The oil situation has deteriorated,” Dunleavy said in a video statement before his budget was revealed. “The price of oil has gone down; therefore, our revenue is going down.
“Basically, we don’t have enough money to pay for all of our obligations. So, as a result of that, you’re going to see some reductions in this year’s budget.”
The pipeline project has support from both the state and federal levels. President Donald Trump has pledged to ensure an LNG project gets built “to provide affordable energy to Alaska and allies all over the world.”
On Jan. 20, Trump signed the “Unleashing Alaska’s Extraordinary Resource Potential” executive order, which the administration says prioritizes “the development of Alaska’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) potential, including the sale and transportation of Alaskan LNG to other regions of the United States and allied nations within the Pacific region.”
Despite the optimistic timeline, Alaska has seen multiple LNG pipeline proposals fail over the past two decades due to financing challenges, regulatory delays and market conditions.
Environmental groups and some Alaska Native groups have also raised concerns about the pipeline’s potential impact on wildlife and traditional lands.
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