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Boiling won't help. Explaining the Palisades and Altadena 'Do Not Use' water alerts

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Boiling won't help. Explaining the Palisades and Altadena 'Do Not Use' water alerts

• Eight water districts have issued water advisories in L.A. County because of the Palisades and Eaton fires. There are concerns that the water might be contaminated by toxins from the fires.
• If water systems lose pressure during urban wildfires, it allows bacteria and contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to get into the water.
• People’s homes and offices contain materials that turn into toxic vapor once those materials burn, releasing VOCs including benzene into the air that infiltrate compromised water systems. This is why boiling water with suspected VOCs is dangerous.

At least eight water districts in Los Angeles County — six in the Altadena area and two in the Malibu/Palisades area — have issued do-not-use or do-not-drink water advisories since the Eaton and Palisades fires began burning earlier this month, meaning customers should not use that water until they get the all-clear.

If you’re wondering how fires can make drinking water dangerous, the first thing to understand is this: The structures where we work and shop, dine and sleep and just generally live our lives are full of materials that release toxic waste when those materials burn.

This article is provided free of charge to help keep our community safe and supported during these devastating fires.

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The examples are numerous. Couches and mattresses, TVs and refrigerators, tires and toys, even clothes are full of polyurethane and plastics, which vaporize into a toxic smoke once they’re set on fire, said Dr. Gina Solomon, chief of the Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine at UC San Francisco.

On Jan. 8, almost all that remained of the homes at Rubio Canyon and East Alta Loma Drive was smoke and ash after the Eaton fire roared through Altadena.

(G.L. Askew II)

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These toxins — many of which are known as VOCs, or volatile organic compounds — include chemicals such as benzene, which is used to make just about everything in the modern world, from plastics and gasoline to detergents and pesticides. As a liquid or vapor, though, benzene is a carcinogen if ingested or inhaled. Longtime exposure damages bone marrow, which is why it’s linked to leukemia.

Most studies about benzene are based on many years of exposure, Solomon said. “What a few months does, nobody knows exactly, but nobody wants to find out,” she said. “We don’t want to use the population of burn zones to see what months or weeks of exposure does. We want to just avoid exposure in those areas.”

How can these toxins get into water systems?

If a water system loses water pressure, that allows contaminants such as bacteria and vaporized VOCs and other toxic chemicals to get inside, Solomon said.

“Normally our water systems have positive pressure — they’re full of water, so nothing can get in the pipes,” she said. But if the pipes lose pressure, such as water hydrants running dry, “It can create situations where you get suction instead of pressure, and in this case, it’s not a backflow of [contaminated] water but air full of toxic chemicals, including VOCs.”

Solomon studied this phenomenon after the Camp fire destroyed about 18,000 structures in the Northern California town of Paradise in November 2018. In a second study, “Organic Chemical Contaminants in Water System Infrastructure Following Wildfire,” she and other researchers identified 95 contaminants in water systems that came not just from melted pipes but also from “the intrusion of smoke” after the Camp fire in Paradise and the 2017 Tubbs fire in Santa Rosa.

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In the dark, a burning home is illuminated by fire

A home on El Medio Avenue in Pacific Palisades burns on the night of Jan. 7 during the Palisades fire.

(Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times)

Only one neighborhood in Santa Rosa — Fountain Grove — lost water pressure during the Tubbs fire, Solomon said. The hydrants there ran dry, and the water to the neighborhood’s surviving 13 homes developed a contamination problem. Residents reported that their water smelled like gasoline, she said, and testing revealed benzene contamination for reasons investigators couldn’t explain.

“That was our first hint,” Solomon said. Researchers didn’t really understand what was happening, however, until after they were able to do more extensive testing on the drinking water for the 1,200 surviving homes in Paradise. That’s when they learned that VOCs and other contaminants could enter the drinking water even in a smoke or gas form if the water systems lost pressure.

As a result of their findings, the state Assembly passed a new law, California Health and Safety Code Section 116596, that went into effect Jan. 1, 2024, mandating that if a structure or structures burn in a wildfire of 300 acres or more, water districts must test their water and deem it free of contaminants before it can be used by customers.

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“So basically we are guilty until proven innocent, based on this law,” said Tom Majich, general manager of the Kinneloa Irrigation District, the smallest of the five water districts in the Altadena area with water advisories. “And I’m not saying that’s wrong. Some of us may be guilty, but I just want people to understand that putting out a [water advisory] notice doesn’t mean you have a problem. We’re just following the law.”

Majich is awaiting his district’s test results, and he’s hopeful his system will be deemed safe. The district’s water system did not lose pressure, he said, and less than 7% of the district’s 600 customers — roughly 40 structures — were burned in the fire. “My personal opinion is that our water system was not compromised, but the law says that doesn’t matter,” Majich said. “If you lose a house, you do the testing, so we’re waiting for the results.”

The other Altadena-area districts with water advisories are Las Flores Water Co., Lincoln Avenue Water Co., Pasadena Water and Power (in the northeastern part of the district) and Rubio Cañon Land & Water Assn. Water advisories also have been issued by Los Angeles Department of Water & Power for the Palisades area and for Los Angeles County Waterworks District 29 in Malibu. The city of Sierra Madre, which is southeast of Altadena, has also issued an unsafe water alert for areas north of Grandview Avenue.

Majich said he doesn’t know when his district’s test results will be in. He speculated that other water districts haven’t had a chance to test yet because their offices and systems were so badly damaged in the fire. “They’re still really in crisis mode,” he said. Calls to the other districts for comment were not returned.

Why can’t you boil your suspect water?

Boiling can eliminate bacteria, another concern in contaminated water systems. What’s dangerous is when the water is full of volatile organic compounds, Solomon said, because “when you boil the water, it releases benzene and other chemicals into your kitchen.”

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Hot showers or baths can vaporize those chemicals too, and if there’s bacteria in the water, it could splash in your eyes, nose or mouth. That’s why most of the water advisories have do-not-use alerts until the systems can be thoroughly tested, repaired and cleaned.

A gutted washer and dryer sit amid the ashy remains of a home destroyed by the Eaton fire

A gutted washer and dryer are among the ashy remains of a home destroyed by the Eaton fire on Wapello Street in Altadena.

(Ringo Chiu / For The Times)

Sometimes the closures are just precautionary, Solomon said, and can be quickly resolved once officials determine that water is safe. But in Paradise, several systems had to be repeatedly flushed because most water pipes are coated on the inside with biofilm, microorganisms that attach to surfaces “that absorb and hold on to all the toxic chemicals,” she said.

“Once the biofilm is contaminated, it’s difficult to get those chemicals back out of the pipes. In Paradise, they had to flush the entire water system seven times, and some of those service lines [between water mains and houses] were so contaminated they had to go in and dig them up and just replace them,” Solomon said. “So basically what we saw in Paradise was about a six-month process, and I think we can anticipate a similar time frame in the most impacted parts of L.A.”

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Once a water system gets the all-clear, people should feel confident about the quality of their drinking water, Solomon said. “I know a lot of people will be fearful, and may not trust the results, but I have great faith in the actual testing data,” she said. “Once they’ve done the testing, and the area is negative [for contaminants], it means people can breathe a sigh of relief that they’re not in an area impacted by water hazard.”

An orange smoky haze fills the dusk landscape as a home smolders in the foreground during the Eaton fire on Jan. 8.

A smoky haze fills the dusk landscape as a home smolders in the foreground during the Eaton fire in Altadena on Jan. 8.

(Gina Ferazzi / Los Angeles Times)

Can you do anything safely with suspect water?

Basically, Solomon said, water with suspected contaminants should be avoided.

That means:

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  • No bathing or showering in the water (even cold showers could be dangerous if the water gets in your eyes, nose or mouth).
  • No cooking or making ice.
  • No teeth brushing.
  • No washing dishes (since hot or warm water could release the toxins).
  • Pets should not drink the water either.

Solomon said she’s not sure how watering plants outside would be affected. VOCs would evaporate in sunlight, she said, but there hasn’t been much research on what other potential contaminants could do.

The safest course, she said, is to just not use the water until it’s deemed safe.

Vegetables, fruits and plants growing outdoors shouldn’t be adversely affected by the water either, she said. The bigger concern outdoors is stirring up the ash from burned-up structures, which is also full of toxins, Solomon said, so be sure to wear gloves and an N95 mask to avoid inhaling the ash.

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‘The Invite’ is a marriage comedy with sex and heart

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‘The Invite’ is a marriage comedy with sex and heart
What happens when a simple dinner party goes off the rails? That’s the premise of The Invite, a very good new comedy directed by Olivia Wilde. Wilde also stars alongside Seth Rogen as a couple who invite their neighbors over for a meal, played by Penelope Cruz and Edward Norton. And it’s a heck of a dinner party, full of frank talk about sex and its complications.If you like slightly absurd relationship comedies, check out these episodes:’Mr. & Mrs. Smith’ is a stylish take on spy marriageIn Tina Fey’s ‘The Four Seasons,’ marriage is far from a vacationConnect with Pop Culture Happy Hour:Letterboxd / FacebookOur weekly newsletterSupport Pop Culture Happy Hour+
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L.A. Affairs: It’s hot when a man drives to me. But would this new guy make the trek from the Valley?

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L.A. Affairs: It’s hot when a man drives to me. But would this new guy make the trek from the Valley?

I met Dan on Hinge.

He lives in Woodland Hills, and I live in Venice. In Los Angeles, this is considered a long-distance relationship. In another city it might be nothing. Here, it’s a factor.

But I believe that with the right person, you can make anything work, so I stay open. I’m a native New Yorker, and if I were living in Brooklyn and a guy lived on the Upper West Side, that would be a 45-minute subway ride, which is truly nothing in New York. So with that same logic, I try to have flexibility with men in L.A.

When we started planning our first date, Dan suggested three options: a hike on mushrooms, a wine tasting or a walk on the beach.

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A hike on mushrooms is something I’d only do with someone I already trust, not someone I just met online. I don’t do first-date hikes because I don’t like feeling trapped if the guy’s a dud. So I chose the wine tasting.

Then I learned the wine tasting was in West Hills.

On a Friday night, driving there from Venice would be insane. So I said I didn’t want to meet there because of the traffic. He suggested Malibu. That was also not ideal on a Friday.

I was getting annoyed — this was a pink flag because in my dating world, the guy is supposed to come to the woman’s neighborhood in the early days. I’ve gone out with plenty of men from the Valley who effortlessly suggested they come to me. It’s not rare or impossible.

I suggested he come to the Westside. I didn’t specifically say Venice, and in hindsight, I probably should have. He landed on Brentwood, which was manageable for both of us. On our first date, we met at an Irish pub on Wilshire Boulevard. He was cuter and more interesting than I had expected, and with the Guinness flowing, we had fun.

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When I got home, he texted me: “Well, I like you 🙂 Less the tik tok and the lack of rock music in your life, but it’s not a deal breaker — there are other qualities 🙂 What are your thoughts?”

I noticed the slight negativity but was mostly dazzled that a man texted immediately after the date to say he liked me. In the modern dating economy, this felt rare.

The next day, both of our evening plans fell through, so we made a last-minute date. The wine tasting he originally suggested still sounded like fun, and although it meant me driving to the Valley, I was up for it now that we’d met.

We sipped flights at Malibu Wines & Beer Garden in its airy, romantic courtyard and played a flirty version of Truth or Dare. Halfway through, he dared me to kiss him.

We ended with sushi on Ventura Boulevard and a short make-out session in his car. He invited me to Thanksgiving at his uncle’s, which felt too soon, but also sweet.

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After the second date, he texted and said he had his kids that week and was also hosting an event on Thursday, so his only day to meet was Wednesday. I said great.

On Tuesday night, he checked if we were still on, and I said yes.

Then he texted: “I’m flexible on time but not on location. I have a big event on Thursday, hopefully you can come to me again.”

My stomach tightened. This again?

So I texted back: “I drove to you last time, which was a bit of an exception for me especially in the early days, but the wine tasting location sounded special. Usually guys come to my area. How about we switch it up this time?”

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He replied: “I appreciate the effort! Because of my event, I’d rather be close to a computer just if needed … Here is what i offer:
— I’ll come to your area anytime next week/end
— Lunch/dinner on me
I want to continue where we stopped last time 😉 No pressure of course, but let’s snuggle”

I responded: “Ok let’s meet next week. Snuggles sound nice … let’s see what happens …”

Then he wrote: “So I won’t see you tomorrow?”

I replied: “Unless you wanna come to me and bring your laptop along, let’s rain check until you have more flexibility.”

He said: “Dang, you are hard. I’ll let you know tomorrow around midday if it’s ok.”

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And then — surprise — he decided to come.

He drove to Venice for a 5 p.m. date. He said his ETA was 5 p.m., and it ended up being 5:25 p.m., typical 405 Freeway.

When he showed up, he was in a cranky mood. On our way to KazuNori in Marina del Rey, I thanked him for picking me up and told him I think it’s hot when the guy comes to the girl.

“You’re just saying that because you want me to come to you more,” he said, not playfully, but aggressively.

That was basically the end for me. But there I was, in his car, heading to dinner. So I stayed pleasant and tried to make the best of it.

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I shared that in the early stages of dating, I find it’s good etiquette for the guy to come to the woman’s neighborhood. He immediately disagreed and started ranting about how dating rules are ridiculous and how they swing in women’s favor. He resented paying for dates and declared he wasn’t looking to “sponsor a woman’s life.”

“If women want equality and equal rights,” he said, “then it should apply all across the board, including dating, and the man shouldn’t have to pay.”

I said women don’t actually have equal rights because we get paid less than men and often receive lower salaries than men in the same position.

I tried to change the subject and reset the mood, but he insisted we keep hashing it out.

I tried to explain masculine/feminine dynamics: providing and protecting, giving and receiving.

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“What does the man get out of this arrangement?” he asked.

It was like watching someone’s personality warp into Mr. Hyde. Then he brought up another point: He’s a single dad of two kids, so he gets tired; and because I don’t have kids, that should factor into who drives where.

At this point, I was barely engaging and focused on eating my hand rolls, and I couldn’t wait to get home.

The check came, and I happily split it, wanting nothing further from him.

In the car back to my place, he remarked: “It’s obvious we’re never gonna see each other again.”

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Obvious, but did it need to be stated?

Then he showed me a Spotify playlist he’d made for me of his favorite electronic music, because he knows I like EDM.

“Oh, that’s sweet,” I said.

“Yeah, that’s how I show interest. Through things like this, not who drives to who,” he replied.

When I got out of the car, we wished each other luck, and I headed inside and shut the door.

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Two hours later, he sent me the playlist. I’ve yet to listen to it.

It wasn’t the distance that ruined it. It was the resentment. I’m not looking for a man who feels burdened by the effort. I’m looking for a man who sees the value of courting a woman in the first place.

The author is a writer, comedian and former psychologist who lives in Venice. She is the creator of the new vertical series “Manfari.” She’s on Instagram: @solange_neue and @manfari.show.

L.A. Affairs chronicles the search for romantic love in all its glorious expressions in the L.A. area, and we want to hear your true story. We pay $400 for a published essay. Email LAAffairs@latimes.com. You can find submission guidelines here. You can find past columns here.

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Smithsonian chief emphasizes ‘accuracy and integrity’ after White House report

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Smithsonian chief emphasizes ‘accuracy and integrity’ after White House report

Lonnie Bunch III is the 14th Secretary of the Smithsonian. He’s pictured above in September 2017.

J. Scott Applewhite/AP


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J. Scott Applewhite/AP

In a memo addressed to staffers sent Tuesday, the secretary of the Smithsonian, Lonnie G. Bunch III, defended the institution after the White House issued a 162-page report that characterizes the National Museum of American History as a place which has become “subject to institutional capture by a radical, activist ideology that is fundamentally opposed to telling the noble, honest story of the great country we know and love.”

In his email, which NPR has obtained, Bunch wrote in part: “While there will always be room for improvement, this report is not a fair characterization of the work and totality of the National Museum of American History. At the Smithsonian, our work is driven by scholarship, accuracy and an uncompromising commitment to tell the fullness of America’s story. As public servants and the keepers of this institution, we are charged with helping a nation find understanding, hope and clarity and as part of that duty, we are dedicated to excellence, reflection and growth.”

He continued: “We remain focused on what grounds us: a steadfast commitment to scholarship, nonpartisanship, independence, accuracy and integrity. For nearly 180 years, the Smithsonian has worked alongside partners across government — from the White House to Congress to our governing Board of Regents — guided by our enduring mission to increase and diffuse knowledge. That purpose remains: to pursue knowledge with rigor and to serve the American public with clarity and care.”

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The White House report was issued on July 4 by the Domestic Policy Council under the title “Saving America’s Story: How Ideological Capture at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History Erases Our Heritage.”

The council faults the National Museum of American History on a multitude of fronts, saying it underemphasized the Founding Fathers and early colonial and Revolutionary history; was not sufficiently celebratory of the country’s 250th anniversary; and that it engaged in “anti-white,” “illegal alien” and transgender activism.

It also accuses the museum of trying to “indoctrinate” teachers and students through its exhibitions, programming and teaching resources.

In the report, the council also specifically criticizes museum director Anthea Hartig, who has led the National Museum of American History since 2019 and is concurrently the president of the Organization of American Historians, calling her “an activist advancing an ideological agenda contradictory to the museum’s founding purpose of fostering patriotism.”

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