World
Islamist group running Syria has mixed record over governance in province, ruled with 'iron fist'
Following Bashar al-Assad’s fall from power, a new government is taking shape in Syria that has many wondering if it will moderate its Islamist stance or, as some have predicted, function like the Taliban in Afghanistan.
The U.S.-designated terrorist group Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) had been ruling the Idlib Governate in northwest Syria and set up its own regime known as the Syrian Salvation Government and said it had shed its global Jihadist aims for a focus on local governance. In Idlib, HTS created a bureaucratic system and various ministries to administer some public services, including public safety.
“By all accounts, it has ruled with an iron fist there,” Natasha Hall, senior fellow with the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Fox News Digital.
At its height, HTS ruled over approximately 2 million people in Idlib Province. Its leader, Mohammed al-Golani attempted to rebrand HTS and distance the group from the global jihadist elements of al Qaeda and instead focused on local issues in Idlib.
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Rebel forces seized Mengh Airbase and the city of Tel Rifaat in the Aleppo countryside on Dec. 1, 2024 following clashes with the Syrian Democratic Forces and Syrian regime forces. (Photo by Rami Alsayed/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Questions still remain about how al-Golani would rule all of Syria. Some Syria watchers who monitored the groups record in Idlib caution that HTS was no democratic regime.
Hall, an expert on Syria, said that HTS exhibited mixed behavior in Idlib, including kicking out Christians, although Hall noted that she knows personally of religious minorities, including Alawites, who did live peacefully in Idlib.
Other aspects of their rule in Idlib are more troubling.
People wave guns in the air as they gather to celebrate the fall of the Syrian regime in Umayyad Square on Dec. 8 in Damascus, Syria. (Ali Haj Suleiman/Getty Images)
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“In terms of their iron fist, HTS tried to do away with dissent when there were protests against them. It was reported that they had killed a famous political activist, Raed Fares. There were also recent protests in Idlib over people who have died in detention under HTS custody,” Hall said.
HTS was less than tolerant and known for suppressing political dissent. Hall also noted she personally knows of people who were “beat up” by HTS fighters.
Golani did oversee a de-emphasis on strict interpretations of Islam and limited the power of the feared morality police that monitored women’s public wardrobe. The problem now, according to Hall, is not necessarily HTS’ previous record of governance in Idlib, but the power vacuum that is left with Assad ousted.
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham chief Abu Mohamed al-Golani checks the damage following an earthquake in the village of Besnaya in Syria’s rebel-held northwestern Idlib province at the border with Turkey, on Feb. 7, 2023. (Photo by Omar HAJ KADOUR / AFP)
“Everyone is going to be grabbing for power and influence,” Hall said, adding that the U.S. and the West need to mitigate risk and insure a more stable and peaceful future for Syria and deal with the vulnerabilities of each potential governing group.
Tammy Palacios, program manager of the Priority Sustainable Counterterrorism program at the New Lines Institute and who closely monitors Syria, noted that although al-Golani made significant efforts to disconnect from his Jihadist past, moderation at other levels of HTS remains less clear.
HTS security forces were known to “arrest, judge, torture, detain, and kill individuals as a form of sharia law enforcement” exercising control in Idlib. Elements of the HTS administration in Idlib also educated and influenced the population in accordance with a hardline interpretation of Sharia law.
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Since toppling the Assad dynasty, HTS set up a transitional government, called the Syrian Salvation Government, and named an interim prime minister, Mohammed al-Bashir. HTS leader al-Golani and the interim prime minister met with the former prime minister of Syria during the final months of the Assad regime, Muhammad Ghazi Al-Jalali, who decided to remain in his home in Damascus when the government fell.
During their lightning two-week advance to conquer Syria, HTS promised to protect the rights of all Syrians, regardless of faith or ethnicity, and also promised to protect Shia religious sites. When the rebels finally entered Damascus and Assad fled, al-Golani ordered his fighters not to attack government ministries and, along with Jalali, ensured that the day-to-day work of the government would continue.
Syrians gather at Umayyad Square to celebrate the collapse of 61 years of Baath Party rule in Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 9, 2024. (Murat Sengul/Anadolu via Getty Images)
Al-Golani, who has a $10 million bounty on his head from the U.S., seeks to present a toned-down version of the radical Islamism that has defined his years of fighting in Syria and in Iraq against American troops. Al-Golani was detained by the U.S. military in the first decade of this century. When the Syrian uprising against Assad broke out, al-Golani built a new organization called Jabhat al-Nusra.
He also had once pledged allegiance to al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, but he officially broke ties with the group in 2016, and Nusra became HTS in 2017. Many observers of HTS at the time critiqued the break as cosmetic, but al-Qaeda actually condemned the creation of HTS, creating further divides between the groups.
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While HTS governed Idlib in northeast Syria, the group targeted rival Islamist groups, including Ahrar Al-Sham, Hurras Al-Din and other Jihadist groups tied to al Qaeda and ISIS. Much like U.S. negotiations with the Taliban in Afghanistan, combating terrorism and ensuring that Syria does not become a safe haven for terrorists will be a prerequisite for any recognition by the U.S. and other allies.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken confirmed on Saturday that the U.S. has had direct contact with HTS since it overthrew the regime of Bashar al-Assad. HTS has already said it would cooperate with the U.S. in the search for Austin Tice, the American journalist missing in Syria since 2012 and who was believed to be held captive by the Assad regime. The initial contact with the rebel group and their promise to work with the U.S. to bring Tice home could further legitimize the group as it looks to consolidate its control over post-Assad Syria.
A picture taken at the entrance of the Kweyris military airfield in the eastern part of Aleppo province on Dec. 3, 2024 shows a portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and a national flag in the garbage dumpster following the takeover of the area by rebel groups. (Photo by RAMI AL SAYED/AFP via Getty Images)
The U.S. and U.K. are considering whether to remove HTS off its foreign terrorist list, which will be important if HTS consolidates its rule over Syria. Hall says that HTS must establish a checklist to implement in order to get itself removed from the terrorist designation list.
“It’s vitally important right now, and it’s important to do it quickly, because if a designated terrorist group is running a country, it could have devastating humanitarian and economic effects, the likes of which we have not seen in the past decade,” she said.
Fox News Digital’s Benjamin Weinthal contributed to this report.
World
Video: How the War in Iran Is Disrupting the World’s Oil
By Peter Eavis, Sutton Raphael, Leila Medina, Stephanie Swart, Blacki Migliozzi, Christiaan Triebert, Keith Collins, Jacqueline Gu and Rebecca F. Elliott
March 6, 2026
World
While UN Issues mixed signals, Witkoff exposes Iran’s nuclear evasion ‘pride’
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The stunning details revealed by Steve Witkoff on his talks with Iran and their boastful remarks about its nuclear program have seemingly fallen on deaf ears at the U.N. nuclear agency.
Days into the U.S.-Israel joint campaign against Iran, the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Rafael Grossi posted to X stating, “There has been no evidence of Iran building a nuclear bomb.”
Fox News Digital asked the IAEA how it could assess the development of a possible nuclear weapon without access to Iran’s facilities but received no response at press time.
Grossi’s post came as the U.S. Special Envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff gave details to Fox News’ Sean Hannity earlier this week on his talks with the regime prior to the U.S. and Israel launching their military operation against Tehran.
Witkoff revealed the negotiators said they had an “inalienable right” to enrich uranium. When Witkoff countered that the Trump administration had the “inalienable right to stop [them, ]” he explained that the negotiators said this was only their starting point.
“They have 10,000, roughly, kilograms of fissionable material that’s broken up into roughly 460 kilograms of 60% enriched uranium, another 1,000 kilograms 20% enriched uranium,” Witkoff explained. “They manufacture their own centrifuges to enrich this material, so there’s almost no stopping them. They have an endless supply of it. The 60% material can be brought to 90% – that’s weapon grade — in roughly one week, maybe 10 days at the outside. The 20% can be brought to weapons grade inside of three to four weeks.”
Witkoff added that during his first meeting with the negotiators, they said “with no shame that they controlled 460 kilograms of 60% and they’re aware that that could make 11 nuclear bombs, and that was the beginning of this negotiating stance.”
“They were proud of it. They were proud that they had evaded all sorts of oversight protocols to get to a place where they could deliver 11 nuclear bombs,” Witkoff said.
US special Envoy Steve Witkoff arrives to his hotel during new round of talks between the United States and Iran on Iran’s nuclear programme, in Geneva on Feb. 26, 2026. ( Fabrice COFFRINI / AFP via Getty Image)
Grossi, who is running to become the next United Nations secretary general, did however admit in his post on X that Iran maintains “a large stockpile of near-weapons grade enriched uranium” and said that the Islamic Republic has not allowed inspectors full access to its program. With these facts in mind, he said that the IAEA “will not be in a position to provide assurance that Iran’s nuclear programme is exclusively peaceful” until Iran “assists…in resolving the outstanding safeguards issues.”
Richard Goldberg, a senior advisor to the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, FDD, told Fox News Digital, “No one paid much attention to Rafael Grossi throughout the Biden years when he repeatedly warned publicly that Iran was refusing to cooperate with and providing false statements to the IAEA about ongoing investigations into undeclared facilities, activities and nuclear material.”
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The former Trump administration official said, “There are some key facts being ignored today. The IAEA board last year found Iran to be in breach of the NPT. To this day, Grossi has confirmed that the IAEA cannot verify the Iranian nuclear program is peaceful.”
He continued, “This is not Iraq where we lacked hard public evidence of a nuclear weapons program. Iran had built out nearly every part of its nuclear weapons program in plain sight, with the weaponization work moving forward at undeclared sites controlled by SPND. If the administration had evidence the regime was moving quickly to reconstitute key elements of that program — from advanced centrifuge manufacturing to completion of a new underground enrichment site alongside advancement of delivery vehicle programs – the president was fully justified in enforcing a red line he set after Operation Midnight Hammer.”
Map of Iran nuclear facilities attacked by the US in Operation Midnight Hammer. (Fox News)
Spencer Faragasso, a senior fellow at the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), told Fox News Digital that his organization calculated prior to the June 2025 12 Day War that Iran possessed 440.9 kilograms of 60% rich uranium. With about 24 or 25 kilograms of 90% rich uranium required per weapon, Faragasso said the country possessed the ability to produce 11 weapons in one month.
Faragasso said that there remain questions about whether the Iranians can access their enriched materials, and whether they possess additional centrifuges that may have not been installed in the facilities that were struck.
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“Being able to enrich the uranium up to weapon grade is actually a tall order,” he said, explaining that it would require a new enrichment site and components and materials that “Iran would either need to recover from its destroyed facilities” or “illicitly import them from abroad.” With a few hundred centrifuges, enough for two or three cascades, Faragasso said the Iranians could have enriched their uranium stores to weapon grade.
“To be clear, the successes gained from the June war are not permanent and officials from the regime spoke publicly about how they wanted to reconstitute their enrichment program, their nuclear program,” he said. “The more time that goes on, the worse the situation will get. It’s not going to get better, especially regarding the ballistic missile program.”
Satellite imagery taken on Jan. 30, 2026, shows a new roof over a previously destroyed building at Natanz nuclear site. (2026 PLANET LABS PBC/Handout via REUTERS)
He said the Iranians had previously expressed the desire to open a fourth enrichment site, which the IAEA stated was at Esfahan. According to Faragasso, there was “never confirmation” of where the site was or how far along construction may have been.
The group is now tracking an Israeli strike on March 3 on Min-Zadayi, a site that Faragasso said “was completely unknown” to them previously. The Israel Defense Forces reported on X that the site was “used by a group of nuclear scientists who operated to develop a key component for nuclear weapons.”
The State Department referred Fox News Digital to remarks made by Secretary of State Marco Rubio to the press on Tuesday on Iran’s nuclear program.
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“This terroristic, radical, cleric-led regime cannot be ever allowed to have nuclear weapons.” Explaining that the Islamic Republic was “willing to slaughter their own people in the streets,” Rubio directed members of the press to “imagine what they would do to us. Imagine what they would do to others. Under President Trump that will never, ever happen,” he said.
World
‘Everyone loves Bukele,’ El Salvador’s VP Ulloa defends crackdown
Published on
El Salvador’s Vice-President Félix Ulloa fiercely defended his country’s crackdown on criminal gangs in what he described as “the miracle of Bukele” in an interview with Euronews, saying only the woke and left-wing European media disagree.
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Ulloa, a lawyer by training, is one of the key engineers of an unprecedented state-led operation to eliminate gang violence under Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele, who has been in power since 2019. The criminality rate in what used to be one of the most dangerous countries in Latin America has collapsed, but critics point to an increasingly authoritarian turn.
“El Salvador is not militarised, and it’s not a police state. You are wrong,” he said on Euronews’ interview programme 12 Minutes With in Brussels, as he prepared to address a conference organised by the European Reformists and Conservatives (ECR) group at the European Parliament. This political family also includes MEPs of Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy.
“Show me one European leader who has Bukele’s popularity. They wish they could get his numbers,” he said while pointing to a newspaper clipping. “None of them, certainly not the ones that have criticised us, can do this. In El Salvador, we are 100% safe.”
El Salvador ended 2024 with a record low 114 homicides compared to 6,656 killings in 2015 in violent shootings among gangs or clashes with security forces. In 2022, a wave of violence saw 62 people killed in a single day by gangs. As a result, Bukele was granted emergency powers and the “state of exception” has remained in place since.
So far, there is little indication that Bukele will lift it even as crime declines and human rights activists warn of an erosion of the constitution and abuse of power. Ulloa pushed back, saying, “democracy is about the people, and the people feel safe.”
But this approach is not without flaws.
Since 2022, as Bukele cracked down on gangs, more than 83,000 people have been arrested in El Salvador. A mega prison known as CECOT, or Centro de Confinamiento del Terrorismo in Spanish, was inaugurated in 2023 and has become the symbol of the country’s transformation. Pictures have emerged of packed cells and inmates piling on to each other in small confinement areas serving as “warning”, according to Ulloa.
“I understand that it can shock (Europeans), but there is a subliminal message. Before, these guys would pose and make gestures, like celebrating. Now, when you see those pictures, it’s clear you don’t want to end up there,” he told Euronews.
Yet, some of the people held in prison should not even be there, according to human rights groups, who point to arbitrary arrests, detentions without due process and sentences handed without evidence of wrongdoing.
“There can be some mistakes that are made. You don’t make mistakes here? They don’t make mistakes in France. In Spain?” he said. “And we have liberated some 8,000.”
Bukele was re-elected president of El Salvador in 2024 with a landslide majority close to 85% of the vote and has floated an unlimited term after the constitution was amended last year. Asked if that represented an erosion of democratic standards, Ulloa told Euronews, “absolutely not…. demos means the people. And if they want him…”
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