California
Special California quakes: Preparing for the big one
Southern California has experienced a series of earthquakes in recent months, reminding us of the dynamic and often volatile seismic nature of the state. California’s landscape is shaped by multiple faults capable of producing powerful earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault extends about 800 miles from Cape Mendocino to the Mexican border. This geological feature has been responsible for some of the most devastating earthquakes in the state’s history.
However, the southern section of the San Andreas Fault has not recorded a major earthquake in over 300 years, according to Geoscientist and Civil Engineer Ignacio Sepulveda. According to Sepulveda, that area typically experiences a major earthquake every 140-150 years, which means that an earthquake could happen at any time.
Historical Earthquakes
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake, with a magnitude of 7.9, remains one of the most significant seismic events in U.S. history.
It is estimated that more than 3,000 people died and around 28,000 buildings were destroyed, with tremors lasting between 45 and 60 seconds. The earthquake was felt from southern Oregon to southern Los Angeles and as far as Nevada.
Devastation and destruction following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
Click on the left and right arrows to slide through images in the gallery above.
More recently, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) in Northern California caused 63 deaths and approximately $6 billion in damages.
In Southern California, the 1994 Northridge earthquake (magnitude 6.7) resulted in nearly 60 fatalities and damaged over 112,000 buildings, with estimated damages of up to $20 billion.
Northridge Earthquake: Photos From the Days Following the Shaking
Click on the left and right arrows to slide through images in the gallery above.
Technological Advances
Recent advances in earthquake monitoring and early warning systems offer some hope. The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) network, with nearly 1,000 stations on the West Coast, can detect even the slightest changes in the Earth’s crust with millimeter-level precision. This data feeds into early warning systems like ShakeAlert and MyShake, potentially providing crucial seconds of warning before a strong tremor begins.
Additionally, researchers at UC San Diego are testing innovative building designs using sustainable materials like laminated wood, which can be more resilient during seismic events. UC San Diego created the tallest building ever tested in an earthquake simulator. The Tallwood project, a 10-story wooden structure, was tested on UC San Diego’s shake table in May 2023.
Although earthquakes remain a constant risk in California, ongoing research, improved construction techniques, and better preparedness can help mitigate their impact. As seismologists continue to refine their understanding and forecasting abilities, residents are encouraged to stay informed and prepared for the possibility of the next major earthquake.
Did you know that aftershocks can be forecasted following a major earthquake?
After a major earthquake, aftershocks can cause additional damage and make rescue and recovery efforts more dangerous. For this reason, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) publishes aftershock forecasts. While individual aftershocks cannot be predicted, scientists can forecast the general behavior of aftershock sequences using statistical methods and historical data from areas with similar geology. These forecasts are calculated for earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater in the U.S. and its territories, using tools like seismographs and GPS to estimate the magnitude and probability of aftershocks.
Aftershock forecasts provide crucial information that can save lives in affected communities. Emergency services use these forecasts to make decisions about when to conduct inspections of damaged buildings and carry out search and rescue operations. As communities rebuild and recover, being informed about the potential for aftershocks can make a significant difference in safety. Larger earthquakes tend to produce more aftershocks, and data measured by the regional seismic network is essential for estimating their magnitude and probability.
Preparation and Protection
As earthquakes remain an unpredictable threat, preparation is key. Experts recommend:
- Create an emergency kit with essentials like water, non-perishable food, first aid supplies, and important documents.
- Develop a family communication plan.
- Secure heavy furniture and objects that could fall during an earthquake.
- Identify safe spots in each room to take cover.
For homeowners, additional measures can be taken to protect the property:
- Reinforce the house’s foundation—The California Earthquake Authority provides guidance and potential grant programs for this purpose.
- Consider earthquake insurance—Standard homeowners’ insurance does not cover earthquake damage. Separate policies are available, but only about 13% of California homeowners currently have such coverage.
Did you feel it?
If you ever feel seismic movements, keep in mind that it’s important to report it, as earthquake reports are crucial for scientists studying earthquakes and tectonic activity.
Report an earthquake here.
By analyzing seismic waves, scientists can detect unusual patterns in the Earth’s crust that may indicate the presence of unknown faults. Studying seismic movements allows scientists to understand how faults behave, including how they break and interact, which can reveal new fault systems.
California
California lawmaker introduces bill to protect wildlife from euthanasia, create coexistence program
A Southern California state senator has proposed a new law that would prevent euthanasia in the state’s wildlife just a month after a mother bear was put down for swiping at a woman in Monrovia, feet away from where her two cubs were located.
The legislation, SB 1135, which was introduced by Sen. Catherine Blakespear (D-Encinitas), calls for the establishment of a state program that promotes the coexistence with wildlife and codifies a wolf-livestock coexistence and compensation program. The move comes two years after funding for a similar wildlife coexistence program expired.
“We can and must responsibly support people and wild animals to exist in a California where we are all under growing pressures and cumulative threats like extreme heat, frequent drought and intense wildfires that animals respond to by moving in search of resources to survive,” Sen. Blakespear said in a statement. “That means investing in science-based, situation-specific, proactive strategies to minimize negative interactions and prevent escalation to conflicts that pose risks for people and animals. SB 1135 proposes a program to better protect people, wildlife and communities.”
The proposed coexistence program, which would be allocated nearly $50 million through the state’s 2026-27 budget, would build on the previous version, which deployed trained regional human-wildlife conflict staff around the state. The absence was noted by CDFW leaders during a state Assembly meeting in January, according to Blakespear.
“Over the last five years, wildlife incident reports logged by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) increased by 31 percent and calls, emails and field contacts rose by 58 percent,” Blakespear’s proposal says.
She noted the recent headline across the state, including “Blondie,” the Monrovia mother bear who was captured and put down by wildlife officials in March after it swiped at a woman near the home it was living under with its two cubs.
The home in question belongs to Richard Franco. He, along with many other Monrovia residents, has documented his encounters with bears over the years, even setting up a system of trail cameras to track the bears’ movements.
“Getting to know her, you could see what a devoted mother she was,” Franco said. “She was always building a nest.”
Read more: Orphaned bear cubs taken to San Diego for care after mom is euthanized for attacking people
Franco and many of his neighbors were angered upon learning that CDFW officials had euthanized Blondie after her capture, which they credited to the fact that she had swiped at the woman days earlier and another person in 2025.
“Forcing them out, and then euthanizing the mom was just traumatic for us,” said one Monrovia couple. “It was just tragic, and there was no need for it; it was completely unnecessary.”
Situations like this are what caught Blakespear’s attention, leading to her proposal last week.
“It is really my desire to make sure that wild places stay wild, and not be having to resort to lethal measures like killing bears or killing wolves,” Blakespear said, while speaking with CBS LA. “We need to have a program that is up and going so we can be educating people.”
The program calls for focus on public education, maintaining a statewide incident reporting system and deploying devices like barriers, noise and light machines and other technology that would deter predators from places where they shouldn’t be.
SB 1135 passed on a 5-1 vote and will now be considered by the Senate Appropriations Committee.
California
480 ducks find homes after an emergency rescue operation in Riverside County
Only a week after animal services officials in Riverside County discovered 480 ducks living in crowded, outdoor cages, all of the ducks have been adopted, the result of a what authorities are describing as a massive “teamwork and coordination” effort.
The Riverside County Department of Animal Services found the ducks Tuesday after investigating overcrowding conditions at a property in unincorporated Riverside County, according to the agency. The birds were taken to the San Jacinto Valley Animal Campus, where officials urgently called on the public and rescue organizations to help place them beginning Wednesday.
According to a social media update from the San Jacinto Valley Animal Campus, all 480 ducks have been rescued or adopted, marking one of the largest single intake-and-placement efforts for the department in over a decade.
“This large-scale operation required extensive teamwork and coordination across our department,” Riverside County officials said in the social media update.
Animal service officials were not available to explain who had adopted the animals and whether they were adopted as pets or food. But Daniel Markichevich told KABC that he and his fiancée Savannah Burgardt visited the San Jacinto shelter on Wednesday and planned on adopting 20 ducks for their San Jacinto property.
“We have a 3.5-acre farm, so they will just go right into the area and enjoy, and we’ll get out there and look at them, eat their eggs and have a whole full life for them,” said Markichevich, who recently completed construction on a pond in their backyard.
An animal sanctuary in Vacaville, dubbed the Funky Chicken Rescue, took in eight of the ducks, according to a social media post.
Officials said the original owner of the ducks had intended to create a sanctuary for the animals but animal control officers ultimately determined that conditions required intervention, citing improper husbandry and concerns about the number of birds being housed.
Before taking in the ducks, the animal services agency coordinated with the California Department of Food and Agriculture to test a sample of the ducks for zoonotic diseases, according to the county. All results came back negative but early assessments indicated the birds had not received adequate care, according to authorities.
“Overcrowding can contribute to stress and decreased immune function,” Itzel Vizcarra, chief veterinarian for the county animal services agency, said in a statement. “Inadequate nutrition, particularly vitamin A deficiency, can impair the lining of the digestive tract, predisposing birds to inflammation and secondary illness.”
The swift placement effort was supported in part by community donations, including more than 70 bags of waterfowl feed provided by a local business, according to the San Jacinto Valley Animal Campus.
While the ducks now have new homes, officials said the investigation into overcrowding conditions at the original property is ongoing.
California
California couple charged with murder in death of toddler skip court
A Bay Area couple charged in the murder of a 2-year-old girl who reportedly overdosed on fentanyl earlier this year failed to appear in court last week to face the charges.
The tragic incident occurred just after 5 a.m. on Feb. 12, according to the San Francisco County District Attorney’s Office.
Officers with the San Francisco Police Department responded to an apartment in the 3800 block of 18th Street, near Mission Dolores Park, after receiving a 911 call reporting that a child was not breathing.
“Medics arrived at the location and pronounced the two-year-old child deceased,” the DA’s office said in a news release. “Medics observed signs of rigor mortis and lividity, indicating the child had been dead for several hours.”
Responding officers noted that Michelle Price, 38, the girl’s mother, was slurring her speech and had “an emotionless demeanor,” according to court documents. Investigators also observed drug paraphernalia in the apartment, including three pipes, lighters and torches, a used Narcan container, white powder ultimately identified as fentanyl, bottles of spoiled milk and stained sheets on the bed.
Price was arrested for child endangerment.
Her boyfriend, Steve Ramirez, 43, allegedly attempted to flee the apartment on a bicycle, leading police on a chase during which an officer was injured. At the time of his arrest, Ramirez was reportedly in possession of a pipe inside a bag on his bike. Two additional pipes with burnt residue were also found nearby, investigators said.
Blood samples taken from Price and Ramirez at the time of their arrests showed high levels of methamphetamine and fentanyl in their systems, according to the DA’s office.
An autopsy performed by the San Francisco Medical Examiner’s Office revealed no obvious signs of physical injury to the toddler. However, toxicology testing showed lethal levels of fentanyl, as well as naloxone, commonly known as Narcan, in the child’s bloodstream.
“The cause of death was determined to be acute fentanyl poisoning,” the release stated.
Price was initially charged with felony child endangerment, possession of fentanyl and possession of drug paraphernalia. Ramirez faced the same charges, along with an additional count of resisting, obstructing and delaying a peace officer.
Over the objections of prosecutors, both Price and Ramirez were allowed to remain out of custody ahead of their arraignments.
On April 15, San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced an amended complaint charging the couple with second-degree murder, marking the first time such charges have been brought in a fatal fentanyl overdose case in the county.
“There wasn’t really anywhere safe for this child to be inside of this home,” Jenkins said during a press conference announcing the charges. “This is a moment in time where people have to realize that we take these situations very seriously and where, I believe, parents who knowingly possess fentanyl, who understand its lethality and the danger it poses, allow their children to be exposed to it, this is something that can come with respect to accountability if a child dies.”
At the April 16 arraignment, where both defendants failed to appear, Price’s attorney told the court she may have experienced transportation issues. An attorney representing Ramirez said he did not know his client’s whereabouts, according to KTLA’s Bay Area sister station KRON.
While both attorneys said the couple was mourning the loss of the child and struggling with addiction, Ramirez’s lawyer accused the district attorney’s office of turning the case into a media circus, claiming the publicity caused his client to panic.
The judge subsequently issued bench warrants for both Price and Ramirez. It remains unclear whether either has since been taken into custody.
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