KARACHI, Pakistan — The response to Pakistan’s first girls’s march was comparatively gentle: criticism and condemnation from Islamist events and conservatives, who known as the contributors “anti-religion” and “vulgar.”

That didn’t deter the organizers of the 2018 march in Karachi, the importance of which reverberates to today.

What began as a single demonstration to look at Worldwide Girls’s Day has change into an annual lightning rod for spiritual conservatives throughout Pakistan, who’ve been adopting harsher attitudes towards feminine activists. Now, as girls put together to march on Tuesday in Karachi and different cities, highly effective figures in Pakistan need the occasion banned altogether.

Girls planning to hitch the Aurat Marches, as they’re known as — Urdu for “girls’s march” — have confronted numerous threats of homicide and rape, together with accusations that they obtain Western funding as a part of a plot to advertise obscenity in Pakistan.

“The rising uneasiness surrounding Aurat March yearly reveals that the marketing campaign for ladies’s rights has been making an affect,” mentioned Sheema Kermani, one of many march’s founders.

Final 12 months, opposition peaked when Islamist teams demonstrated in main cities, accusing the marchers of utilizing blasphemous slogans — against the law punishable by loss of life in Pakistan, accusations of which have provoked lynchings and murders. The Pakistani Taliban have ominously warned the marchers to “repair their methods.”

The primary Aurat March was organized by a small group of girls within the port metropolis of Karachi, who hoped to attract consideration to the violence, inequality and different challenges confronted by girls throughout the nation.

“We had held discussions and mobilized girls in numerous communities, collected funds by small contributions from people, and wrote a manifesto to articulate calls for associated to girls’s bodily rights to the federal government and Pakistani society,” Ms. Kermani mentioned.

It labored. On March 8, 2018, the march drew 1000’s to the grassy grounds of Frere Corridor, an imposing monument in Karachi relationship from the British colonial period.

It additionally impressed girls in different Pakistani cities, like Lahore and Islamabad. Since then, Aurat Marches have been held yearly in main city facilities.

Analysts mentioned the success of the primary march made it a polarizing occasion in Pakistan, even because it superior the chances of girls’s activism within the Muslim-majority nation.

“Youthful feminists who had been impressed by a sequence of worldwide girls’s marches took their rage in opposition to violence, ethical policing and lack of bodily or sexual selections for ladies and marginalized genders to the streets,” mentioned Afiya Shehrbano Zia, the writer of a e book on feminism and Islam in Pakistan.

Ladies introduced placards proclaiming, “My physique, my selection,” and carried out an Urdu model of a Chilean protest tune, “A Rapist in Your Path,” that assails rape tradition and victim-shaming.

“There was nothing delicate about their slogans and banners from the primary march,” Ms. Zia mentioned, noting that the protesters had even highlighted L.G.B.T.Q. rights, a daring transfer in Pakistan.

Because the occasion grew greater through the years, marchers began elevating much more delicate points, together with abortion rights. Pakistan’s abortion charge is among the many highest on the earth; girls who finish their pregnancies usually achieve this themselves, as a result of many docs refuse to carry out the process on spiritual and cultural grounds.

Some Islamist events responded to the marches’ rising reputation by organizing their very own “modesty march.” In 2020, conservatives filed court docket petitions in an unsuccessful try and cease the Aurat Marches. That very same 12 months, a gaggle of scholars and supporters of the Lal Masjid, the mosque on the middle of a bloody 2007 conflict between militant Islamists and the military, assaulted marchers in Islamabad.

After final 12 months’s march, opponents doctored footage to make it seem that marchers had used blasphemous slogans, then circulated the faked movies on social media. A newspaper printed a front-page story that referred to the marchers as prostitutes.

Pakistan’s minister for spiritual affairs, Noorul Haq Qadri, has spoken out in opposition to the Aurat March, claiming it violates the rules of Islam. He just lately requested Prime Minister Imran Khan to declare March 8 to be Worldwide Hijab Day.

And a few Islamist events have threatened additional violence. “The marchers unfold obscenity within the identify of girls’s rights,” mentioned Abdul Majeed Hazarvi, a pacesetter of the Jamiat-e-Ulema Islam-Fazl occasion in Islamabad. “If the federal government permits the march, we’ll use a baton to cease it.”

Kiran Masih, 46, a Christian nurse with two daughters, has joined an Aurat March for the previous two years, bringing a placard that reads, “Save our daughters.”

“As a minority, we really feel more and more insecure,” Mrs. Masih mentioned. “On the office, we worry anybody can hurt us on the false allegations of blasphemy, and at our properties, we worry that our daughters may very well be kidnapped and transformed to Islam.”

Final 12 months, at the least 84 folks had been accused of breaking Pakistan’s blasphemy legal guidelines, and three folks suspected of doing so had been killed by mobs, in line with the Middle for Social Justice, a Lahore-based group that campaigns for the rights of minority teams.

The Aurat marchers have claimed victories. They campaigned in opposition to the bodily intrusive “virginity checks” usually inflicted on girls who carry accusations of rape, and a court docket within the northern metropolis of Lahore banned them final 12 months. The federal government has additionally handed a measure permitting the chemical castration of convicted rapists, one other demand of the marchers.

However the more and more aggressive opposition has left some march organizers fearing for his or her lives. Many have deactivated their social media accounts. Nonetheless, they’re undaunted.

“We had been and are scared, however we all know that with out placing ourselves in such a harmful scenario we can’t carry change,” Ms. Kermani mentioned.