Florida
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Faced with spending tens of thousands of dollars to ditch their septic tanks by 2030 under Florida law, Indian River County homeowners lash out.
When I came home the other night and told my wife what I learned at an Indian River County “sewer conversion” meeting, I got a stiff whiff of her “keep Florida free” bent.
It began when I told her if we were unable to connect to county sewer by July 1, 2030, we’d have to spend $25,000 or more to install an enhanced septic tank system, then pay $1,200 to $2,000 a year to permit and maintain it, county officials said.
“What kind of green new deal is this?” she asked.
I concluded most people at the meeting thought it sounded more like a brown raw deal.
Apparently, Indian River County commissioners who missed the meeting I attended got the same whiff at the second meeting. The county announced late Sept. 11 it would cancel five other meetings it planned throughout September.
“Citizens attending the meeting … were clear,” Deryl Loar, county commission chair, said in a press release. “This mandate is creating stress and has the potential to create a significant hardship for many of Indian River County’s fixed-income households and young families struggling to provide a secure home for their children.”
In all, 28,374 property owners will be impacted, county officials said.
Why?
Florida Legislature gets ball rolling
Florida mandate hits Indian River County septic-sewer program move
Indian River County released this video on its septic-sewer conversion program and played it at a community forum Sept. 2, 2026.
DIVISION OF UTILITY SERVICES
Because in 2023, Florida legislators unanimously passed a comprehensive package (HB 1379/SB 1632), introduced by Rep. Toby Overdorf, R-Palm City, designed to protect Florida springs and waterways, such as the Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay, from harmful nitrogen.
“(Human waste leaking from) septic tanks is the single-biggest bogeyman that we can do something about to really save the lagoon,” Brian Lapointe, a Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute scientist told TCPalm’s Max Chesnes in a 2021 interview.
But as much as Gov. Ron DeSantis professes to love the environment, for him to sign a bill that would require so many Floridians to spend this kind of money without consideration of the details seems like the antithesis of his “Free Florida” shtick.
Don’t get me wrong, I appreciate the state’s efforts to preserve our waterways; they’re essential to Florida’s health, environment, economy and quality of life.
But, for the central government in Tallahassee — whose overwhelmingly Republican representatives claim to be anti-regulation on the campaign trail ― to pass along vastly underfunded mandates, forcing local governments to expand their sewer systems and requiring local residents to pay for it within just a few years is wrong.
The estimated unfunded cost statewide? $6.7 billion, according to a study cited by Florida TaxWatch in 2023. It suggested the state consider imposing user fees on utilities that can be bonded against to help fund septic conversions, including subsidies for lower-income homeowners.
In Indian River County, Howard Richards, the county’s utility department’s manager of capital projects, told residents it had funds from the state to help subsidize sewer hookups for a limited number of about 463 parcels where service is available now, and 443 where it would be over the next few years.
Pick a date, any date …
Even then, though, it could cost homeowners $11,000 to $23,000 to hook up, then $50 to $60 a month in sewer charges, Richards said.
It’s a massive challenge, compounded by the county continuing to install sewer service for new developments in the unincorporated county and in Sebastian, which continues to annex rural land for development.
It’s one reason I continue to argue the county (and cities) should not expand urban services into rural areas until it catches up with shortages in its existing urban core.
Personally, I’d be happy connecting to sewer service when my septic tank fails, even before. But for the state to set a date of July 1, 2030 ― whether the county can get to any of us with sewer lines or not — is arbitrary.
I just wish our state legislators, Rep. Robbie Brackett and Sen. Erin Grall, Vero Beach Republicans, had been at the meeting I attended. The county, instead of canceling their meetings, should have asked them to be at all of them. The public deserves to learn:
- What will happen if they do not comply with the septic laws? Richards said he did not know, suggesting the state Department of Health will be tasked with enforcing the law.
- Why no one from the state of Florida was at the meeting? After all, it’s the Legislature’s mandate. The county, as Richards noted, is just trying to follow the law and get state grants to cover a portion of the cost to connect homes to the county sewer system.
27,500 Indian River County homeowners in limbo
Richards kept his cool answering often-heated questions from some of 100 people gathered at the county fairgrounds exposition center meeting I attended.
Richards said about 27,500 homeowners like me remain in limbo.
The good news is the county at least has a preliminary plan for about 11,000 of them, in Sebastian. County commissioners were expected to discuss it Sep. 15. The bad news: It could cost $329 million to $599 million to execute the plan.
Sebastian has made solid efforts to improve the quality of the lagoon, but does not have its own water-sewer utility. So, for now, it’s at the mercy of the county, which is at the mercy of the state.
As for the rest of us, Richards offered a couple of options to having to put in potentially more expensive newfangled septic tanks, which might be too big to fit in some yards:
- Join with neighbors to petition the county to provide sewer service, with the county determining the cost.
- A less costly, but more complicated option: Unite with neighbors to hire professionals to design, build and fund a system to connect to county service.
More legislation leads to more unintended consequences
There’s no easy option, which is why Realtor Mary Lou Ciambriello has encouraged some of her clients looking for more affordable homes to build a new one — incorporating a modern septic tank into construction and a mortgage ― where she lives: in Vero Lake Estates.
The community has more than 1,300 vacant lots and 3,280 homes with septic tanks, she said, noting she asked Grall to get legislators to push the mandatory hookup to 2035.
Otherwise, can you imagine what kind of supply chain and labor force it will take to get all this work done in three years? And how will all these people pay for it?
Talk about unintended consequences of legislation.
On one hand, lawmakers pass bills to encourage affordable housing — developers are using the law to argue they can build a largely high-end high-rise complex along the lagoon in Fort Pierce ― but they’re making home ownership potentially unaffordable for many people with septic tanks.
Is our Legislature really represented by the party of less regulation, freedom, affordability and fiscal responsibility?
As always, the devil of legislation is in the details. No one likes unfunded mandates, especially when they’re passed down by central governments — in Washington or Tallahassee.
I see no solution to resolving this mandate by 2030.
Florida, local lawmakers must consider mitigation
How can issues be mitigated?
- Legislators should work with local officials to determine how long it will take to hook folks up in the urban services area to the wastewater system. Push back the deadline so all of this can be funded and completed.
- Allow homeowners inside the urban services area to keep their old septic tanks or replace failed ones with old-style ones until sewage service is available. Require modern septic tanks outside the urban services area.
- Local governments should consider moratoriums on, at least, annexations or expansion of existing urban services areas as of Oct. 1, 2026. That would give utilities time to meet the backlog of sewage hookups.
In its press release, Indian River County said commissioners “will include this issue as a priority for the 2027 legislative session and will advocate for financial assistance and a reasonable path toward compliance for affected residents.”
That’s fine, but it kicks the proverbial can down the road, perpetuating residents’ uncertainty. The county should hold more meetings — with Brackett, Grall, Overdorf and other state officials present ― to hear directly from their bosses: you, me and our neighbors.
This column reflects the opinion of Laurence Reisman. Contact him via email at larry.reisman@tcpalm.com, phone at 772-978-2223, Facebook.com/larryreisman or Twitter @LaurenceReisman.
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