From Brookwood to Homewood and Chelsea, data centers are putting a new type of development in front of local leaders and residents.
The issue continues to drive conversations across central Alabama and across the country, as communities weigh the potential economic benefits against questions about power, water, noise, traffic and long-term growth.
In Chelsea, city leaders approved a one-year moratorium on new data center applications, giving city staff time to develop standards for the industry.
“So Chelsea can evaluate its zoning and properly add, you know, because it’s not addressed at all,” Chelsea City Council President Scott Weygand said. “So you got to have some sort of process and some sort of guidance there for a company like that.”
Homewood has also temporarily paused new data center applications while city leaders study their potential impact.
In Brookwood, residents have continued to raise questions about a possible project near Brookwood Middle School.
But long before construction can begin, data center development typically involves a series of major decisions that can vary by jurisdiction.
The process often begins with land. Developers look for large tracts with road access, fiber-optic connections and enough space for buildings, equipment and possible future expansion.
Brookwood Mayor Joe Barger said city leaders become involved once a developer seeks approvals.
“People ask, ‘Well, why did you allow them to buy that property?’ That wasn’t (in) my control,” Barger said. “A private landowner can sell their land whenever they want to. The landowner has to come to us to permit, and rezone, and annex, and that is when we protect our city.”
Industry experts say power is often one of the biggest factors in deciding where a data center can be built.
“Before they ever buy it, they’re going to first identify locations that have access to power,” said Adam Kramer, Global Head of Data Centers at Panattoni Development Company. “And they’re going to work with presumably Alabama Power, or a local co-op, to understand what kind of power will be available from the nearby transmission lines.”
After identifying a potential site, developers commonly conduct environmental, soil, drainage, traffic and infrastructure studies.
The public approval process comes next. Depending on the project, a developer may need rezoning, annexation, site-plan approval, building permits and potentially incentive agreements.
Those are often the points when residents have the greatest opportunity to ask questions and raise concerns about water use, noise, traffic, power demands and community benefits.
Once approved, construction can still take years, especially if new power infrastructure must be built. Many data center campuses are also developed in phases, meaning additional buildings could be added later.
Kramer said despite recent popularity, many people may have already passed a data center without realizing it.
“Probably every one of your viewers has seen a data center, has driven by a data center, has been around a data center, and just didn’t know it,” he said.