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Why Did the Chicken Cross the Barn? To Sign Up for the Scientific Study.

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Why Did the Chicken Cross the Barn? To Sign Up for the Scientific Study.

WATKINS GLEN, N.Y. — It was a crisp October day at Farm Sanctuary, and contained in the small, crimson barn, the rooster individuals had been stressed.

A rooster, or possibly two, yodeled someplace out of sight. A bruiser of a turkey strutted by means of an open door, tail feathers unfold like a decorative fan. And a penned flock of white-feathered hens emitted tiny, intermittent squeaks, an asynchronous symphony of rooster sneezes.

The hens had been experiencing a flare-up of a continual respiratory situation, mentioned Sasha Prasad-Shreckengast, the sanctuary’s supervisor of analysis and animal welfare, who was making ready to enter the rooster pen. She donned gloves and shoe covers, threw on a pair of blue scrubs after which slipped inside, squatting to convey herself face-to-face with the primary hen who approached.

“Who’re you?” she cooed.

Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast meant the query actually. She was looking for the birds that had been enrolled in her examine: an investigation into whether or not chickens — animals not typically heralded for his or her brainpower — get pleasure from studying.

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However her query was additionally the massive philosophical one driving the brand new, in-house analysis workforce at Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit that has spent greater than 35 years making an attempt to finish animal agriculture.

They’ve their work reduce out for them: America alone retains greater than 90 million cattle and slaughters greater than 9 billion chickens (and 200 million turkeys) a yr. However there are some indicators of a societal shift. In a 2019 Gallup ballot, almost one in 4 People mentioned that they’d curbed their consumption of meat. A jury lately acquitted activists who ferried two piglets away from a manufacturing facility farm. Quick-food giants are including fake meat to the menu, and simply final week the U.S. Meals and Drug Administration gave the inexperienced mild to lab-grown rooster.

And a rising physique of analysis means that farmed species are brainy beings: Chickens can anticipate the long run, goats seem to solicit assist from people, and pigs might decide up on each other’s feelings.

However scientists nonetheless know far much less concerning the minds of chickens or cows than they do about these of apes or canine, mentioned Christian Nawroth, a scientist finding out conduct and cognition on the Analysis Institute for Farm Animal Biology in Germany. “I’m nonetheless baffled how little we find out about cattle, given the quantity or the numbers that we hold,” he mentioned.

Farm Sanctuary, which was based in 1986, has at all times held that cattle are sentient beings, even referring to its feathered and four-legged residents as “individuals.”

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“They’ve their very own wishes, and their very own desires and preferences and wishes, and their very own interior lives — the identical manner that human individuals do,” mentioned Lauri Torgerson-White, the sanctuary’s director of analysis.

Now, the sanctuary is making an attempt to gather sufficient information to persuade most of the people of the humanity of animals.

“Our hope,” Ms. Torgerson-White mentioned, “is that by means of using actually rigorous methodologies, we’re in a position to uncover items of details about the interior lives of farmed animals that can be utilized to actually change hearts and minds about how these animals are utilized by society.”

The sanctuary is conducting the analysis in accordance with its personal strict moral requirements, which embody giving the animals the correct to decide on whether or not or to not take part in research. Consequently, the researchers have typically discovered themselves grappling with the very factor that they’re eager to display: that animals have minds of their very own.

And at this time, the birds in “West Rooster” appeared a bit underneath the climate. Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast crossed her fingers that a couple of of them may nonetheless be up for a quick demonstration.

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“Hopefully,” she mentioned, “individuals might be feeling like — rooster individuals might be feeling like — they’re keen and all in favour of collaborating.”

Farm Sanctuary started not as a house for rescued animals however with a gaggle of younger activists working to reveal animal cruelty at farms, stockyards and slaughterhouses.

“We lived in a college bus on a tofu farm for a few years,” mentioned Gene Baur, the president and co-founder of the group. However in the midst of its investigations, the group saved stumbling upon “dwelling animals left for lifeless,” he recalled. “And so we began rescuing them.”

They finally opened sanctuaries in New York and California, establishing academic applications and political advocacy campaigns. (They raised cash, partially, by promoting veggie sizzling canine at Grateful Useless live shows.)

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And in 2020, the group, which now homes about 700 animals, started assembling an inner analysis workforce. The objective was to assemble extra proof that, as Mr. Baur put it, “these animals are extra than simply items of meat. There’s emotion there. There’s particular person persona there. There’s somephysique, not somefactor.”

The analysis workforce labored with Lori Gruen, an animal ethicist at Wesleyan College, to develop a set of ethics tips. The objective, Dr. Gruen defined, was to create a framework for conducting animal analysis “with out dominance, with out management, with out instrumentalization.”

Amongst different stipulations, the rules prohibit invasive procedures — forbidding even blood attracts until they’re medically needed — and state that the research should profit the animals. And participation? It’s voluntary.

“Residents have to be acknowledged as individuals,” the rules state, “and at all times be supplied with selection and management over their participation in an experimental examine.”

The concept is just not totally novel. Zoo animals, for example, are sometimes skilled to cooperate in their very own well being care, in addition to in research which may stem from it. However such practices stay removed from the norm.

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For the researchers at Farm Sanctuary, voluntary participation was not solely an moral crucial but additionally, they thought, a path to higher science. Many prior research have been carried out on farms or in laboratories, settings during which stress or worry may have an effect on animals’ conduct and even impair their cognitive efficiency, the researchers observe.

“Our hope is that they’re in a position to inform us extra about what the higher limits are for his or her cognition and emotional capacities and social buildings due to the surroundings that they’re in and due to the way in which we’re performing the analysis,” Ms. Torgerson-White mentioned.

Though the method is unconventional, outdoors scientists described the sanctuary’s moral tips as admirable and its analysis questions as fascinating.

“The concept you could possibly examine these species, who’re often solely studied in form of pseudofarm circumstances, in additional naturalistic environments that truly meet not simply their wants however even their most arcane preferences — I believe they’re proper,” mentioned Georgia Mason, who directs the Campbell Middle for the Research of Animal Welfare on the College of Guelph. “I believe that actually permits you to do one thing particular.”

The researchers determined to begin with a examine on the much-maligned rooster and the birds’ emotional response to studying. “We name it ‘The Joys of Studying,’ however we don’t know that for certain, that they’re going to expertise pleasure,” Ms. Torgerson-White mentioned. “That’s our speculation.”

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To recruit their avian volunteers, Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast and her colleague, Jenna Holakovsky, labored slowly and methodically. They began final fall by spending a couple of days simply sitting within the rooster pen, earlier than opening the door to the hallway the place the experiment would finally happen.

Then, they started including parts of the experimental infrastructure — a window display screen, a chunk of plywood — and doling out meals pellets to any birds courageous sufficient to method. After about three weeks, they’d the whole experimental area arrange and 13 birds who often selected to enter it, turning into their volunteer rooster corps.

The researchers provided a few of these chickens a possibility to be taught one thing new — find out how to knock a lid off a bowl — and assessed their general emotional states, utilizing what is called a judgment bias take a look at. The take a look at, variations of which have been used with all kinds of species, concerned measuring how shortly the chickens approached a mysterious bowl and its unknown contents.

The idea was {that a} rooster in a typically constructive temper could be extra prone to assume that the bowl contained one thing good, like meals, and would stride towards it extra shortly than a down-in-the-dumps rooster would.

Up to now, the researchers have examined eight chickens, half of whom had been within the management group, and it’s too early to attract agency conclusions about chickenkind. (The unique group of recruits dwindled after one hen died, one other failed to fulfill the examine standards, and three others dropped out — in a single case, to spend time within the nest field as a substitute. “I believe she actually simply was extremely motivated to take a seat on some eggs,” Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast mentioned.)

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However the preliminary information recommend that studying did appear to spice up the temper of a number of the birds. (Right here’s you, Shirley and Murielle.)

Then there was Yoshi, who had tried to bypass the training problem altogether. As an alternative of finishing the duty for her reward, she went straight for the meals, making an attempt to jump over the intervening window display screen. Though Yoshi did finally deign to finish the duty, she didn’t appear to benefit from the expertise. She most likely discovered it irritating, Ms. Torgerson-White mentioned: “She is aware of find out how to leap over screens, so why did she have to carry out this process?”

The researchers had been initially upset by the end result, however they had been additionally charmed by Yoshi’s intransigence, viewing it as proof of her particular person persona.

Persona stays a tough subject. By limiting their examine to chickens who, in essence, raised their wings to volunteer, they might have enrolled an unusually daring group of birds, doubtlessly skewing their outcomes. So the researchers are actually administering persona assessments and will attempt to repeat the examine with extra birds.

“Can they work out protocols to get all of the chickens so calm and used to them that each one the chickens volunteer?” Dr. Mason puzzled. “Then their downside is solved.”

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The researchers are additionally investigating whether or not farmed animals can develop signs akin to post-traumatic stress dysfunction — and, if that’s the case, whether or not spending time in a sanctuary helps them heal.

“As part of a standard lifetime of a farmed animal, actually, virtually irrespective of the species, they’re present process or experiencing the forms of trauma that human psychologists use to diagnose PTSD,” Ms. Torgerson-White mentioned.

A number of the sanctuary’s residents have escaped from slaughterhouses or suffered critical accidents on farms, and scientists have reported PTSD-like signs in elephants and chimpanzees uncovered to violence or abuse.

“If PTSD exists in people, then clearly it would exist in different species as properly,” mentioned Donald Broom, an emeritus professor of animal welfare on the College of Cambridge. “So to look into that may be an fascinating factor to do.”

The examine is primarily observational, involving a cautious evaluation of the conduct of recent residents, resembling Bella, a Holstein who arrived on the sanctuary this fall after watching her companion, a steer named Buck, be euthanized. However the workforce can be measuring the animals’ cortisol ranges, inviting residents to cough up some saliva samples.

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Lizzie and Robbie, a bonded pig pair with bristly coats and a keenness for mouthing guests’ shoelaces, had been absolute champs, fortunately slobbering everywhere in the large cotton swabs proffered by the scientists. However Hayes, a steer with impossibly fuzzy ears, confirmed completely no real interest in mouthing the swabs, not even when the researchers tried to sweeten the cope with molasses.

“He had simply gotten entry to pasture for the primary time in his life, and nothing, not even molasses, was extra fascinating or thrilling than grazing,” mentioned Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast, whom Hayes nuzzled affectionately when she stopped by the pasture.

A few of their research might not pan out, the researchers acknowledged, and their strategies are nonetheless evolving. There are some clear areas for enchancment: They didn’t conduct the rooster examine “blind,” which implies that they knew which chickens had been within the management group and which weren’t. In consequence, the researchers might have unconsciously influenced the birds’ conduct, particularly in the event that they had been hoping for a particular end result.

“We did our greatest to keep away from unintentional cuing by remaining nonetheless, holding our heads down and stepping away from the testing area when potential,” Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast mentioned. However, she acknowledged, “We acknowledge this can be a limitation of our examine design and plan to deal with it in our eventual manuscript.”

The researchers could also be unusually upfront about their mission and values, however they aren’t alone in bringing a perspective to their work, Dr. Gruen, the animal ethicist, famous. In spite of everything, many biomedical scientists have made their very own calculations that the opportunity of assuaging human struggling outweighs the struggling that lab animals expertise. “Values enter into scientific observe at each degree,” Dr. Gruen mentioned. “I don’t suppose it’s uncommon that the values are there — I believe it’s uncommon that these values are there.”

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The sanctuary mentioned it was dedicated to publishing its outcomes, it doesn’t matter what they’re. The scientists additionally run their analysis proposals by means of an advisory committee, a gaggle of six outdoors specialists tasked with making certain that the research are each ethically and scientifically sound.

“To be moral,” mentioned Becca Franks, an animal welfare scientist at New York College and a member of the committee, “to spend individuals’s time and power and cash on this and interact with the animals, the science additionally must be good science.”

The researchers are working to increase their PTSD examine to animals dwelling on different farm sanctuaries, with monetary assist from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, which additionally offered funding for the rooster examine. Subsequent yr, the researchers hope to discover elements of animal tradition, in addition to the emotional lives of turkeys. And they’re wanting to unfold the phrase about their ethics tips, which they hope different animal researchers will undertake.

“If they’ll present this mannequin works, I believe that might actually inspire extra individuals to attempt it,” Dr. Mason mentioned.

Though the sanctuary desires to finish animal agriculture, different scientists view this sort of analysis as a path to enhancing the system. If chickens get pleasure from studying, for example, then poultry farmers ought to give their birds alternatives to just do that, Dr. Broom mentioned.

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“I’m not in opposition to the usage of animals for quite a lot of functions,” he mentioned. “However I’m very strongly in favor of offering for wants in such a manner that the welfare of every particular person animal is sweet.”

How will the sanctuary’s workers members really feel if their work is used to tweak, moderately than eradicate, the prevailing system? “If we are able to reduce the struggling of animals within the close to time period, I believe that’s constructive,” Mr. Baur mentioned. “Nonetheless, we don’t wish to additional entrench the concept that these animals are right here for us to be exploiting.”

Altering public attitudes and societal practices is a long-term mission, Ms. Torgerson-White acknowledged. However she and her colleagues try to nudge it alongside from the pastures in Watkins Glen, the place the animals are individuals and the residents usually are not scientific topics however analysis companions.

“We’re not extracting data or information from them,” Ms. Prasad-Shreckengast mentioned. “Collectively, we’re studying, they usually’re educating us what they need and what they’re able to.”

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Supercharge your immune system with these 10 foods

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Supercharge your immune system with these 10 foods

Did you know that some foods can help boost your immune system naturally and work to keep you healthy? In this article, learn how to incorporate the best immunity-boosting foods into your diet – and why these foods in particular help protect your health.

Nature’s best illness fighters

Many foods you’ll find at your local grocery store can help keep you healthy throughout the year. These 10 common foods top the list.

1. Mushrooms

Mushrooms contain selenium, deficiency of which may cause increased susceptibility to contracting a virus, as found in a study published in Nutrients journal. The riboflavin and niacin found in mushrooms are also important for a healthy immune system.

FIGHT COLD AND FLU WITH THESE 10 IMMUNE-BOOSTING RECIPES FROM A TEXAS REGISTERED DIETITIAN

Try adding a handful of mushrooms to your pasta sauce, scrambled eggs and omelets, or throw them on top of a homemade pizza. Mushrooms are also delicious, simply sautéed or roasted with a little olive oil and salt and pepper.

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2. Sweet potatoes

Sweet potatoes and other orange foods like carrots, squash and pumpkin contain the antioxidant beta-carotene. This is a form of vitamin A that is essential for keeping your skin strong and able to fight off bacteria and viruses.

“Vitamin A helps regulate the immune system and protects you from infections by supporting immune system cells and barriers that keep the bad stuff out,” said Kara Lydon, a dietitian, certified intuitive eating counselor, and author of the e-book Nourish Your Namaste: How Nutrition and Yoga Can Support Digestion, Immunity, Energy and Relaxation. “One sweet potato has over 380% of the daily value for vitamin A.”

Dietitian Kara Lydon says research shows that deficiencies in nutrients like vitamins A, C, E, B, D, selenium, zinc, iron, copper and folic acid can increase your susceptibility to disease. (Food Drink Life)

Try cutting sweet potatoes into strips and baking them coated in a little olive oil, salt and pepper to make a healthy homemade version of French fries.

Or, for a major time-saving hack, learn how to cook a sweet potato in the microwave, then simply top it with a little butter and cinnamon for an easy side dish.

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3. Almonds

Almonds are an excellent source of vitamin E, another antioxidant responsible for supporting the immune system. Grab a handful – 1/4 cup – to get 50% of your daily recommended amount of vitamin E.

4. Yogurt

Yogurt contains live and active cultures called probiotics. These can help stimulate the immune system and keep our gut and intestinal tract healthy and free of disease-causing bacteria.

Any yogurt with a Live and Active Cultures seal contains some beneficial bugs. You can see them in the ingredients list as well.

Dairy products, like yogurt, also tend to be good sources of vitamin D; a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine found vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of contracting a cold or the flu.

5. Leafy greens

Leafy greens like spinach and kale are rich in a whole host of nutrients, including fiber, antioxidants and folate, which is especially important for immune function, as per a study in The Journal of Immunology.

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Both spinach and kale leaves are great tossed into a salad with another lighter, crunchier green, like romaine, for texture variance. Spinach leaves are also an excellent replacement for less nutrient-dense iceberg lettuce on a sandwich.

You can also use spinach and kale in fruit smoothies – just be sure to use only the leaves of the kale, not the bitter stems.

If you’re more a fan of savory, crunchy snacks, give a baked kale chips recipe a try – they are easy to make and surprisingly delicious.

6. Tea

Green and black tea contain polyphenols and flavonoids, which are antioxidants that help fight disease. In addition, an amino acid that’s responsible for an immune boost, L-theanine, is abundant in both black and green tea. Decaf versions have it, too.

Drink several unsweetened cups per day to reap the benefits. To get more antioxidants from your tea bags, bob them up and down while they brew.

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7. Cabbage

This inexpensive winter vegetable is a source of glutamine, which has been noted by many studies, including one in Nutrients journal, to strengthen the immune system. Try it in your winter soups and stews, or throw shredded raw cabbage into your wraps or salads to add a nice crunch that won’t change the flavor profile of the meal.

8. Garlic

In addition to warding off vampires, garlic also contains the active ingredient allicin, which fights infection and bacteria with its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Minced garlic is great sautéed with spinach and a little olive oil for a simple side dish, and minced garlic is also a delicious addition to homemade salsa. Tip: buy garlic pre-minced to save time and mess.

9. Barley and oats

These grains contain beta-glucan, a type of fiber with antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities that have been found to stimulate the immune system. According to a study published in Physiology & Behavior, beta-glucan can help prime the immune system and support resistance against invading pathogens.

Barley is a great addition to soups and salads thanks to its wonderfully chewy texture, and oats can make an easy and nutritious breakfast.

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If you’re looking for a breakfast that’s ready for you when you wake up, give overnight oats with almond milk a try – a few minutes of quick prep the night before will have breakfast ready and waiting by morning.

10. Fish

Selenium, which is especially plentiful in shellfish such as oysters, lobsters, crabs and clams, helps white blood cells produce cytokines-proteins that help clear flu viruses out of the body.

In addition, salmon, mackerel and herring are rich in omega-3 fats, which reduce inflammation and increase airflow, protecting lungs from colds and respiratory infections.

Mix canned salmon with half a mashed avocado, a spoonful of Dijon mustard, and a spoonful of mayonnaise to make a flavorful and nutrient-dense salmon salad that’s great in a wrap, on a sandwich or simply with crackers.

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Takeaways

Boosting your immune system with the foods that you eat is more accessible than you might think – and more important, too.

“Research shows that various nutrient deficiencies – vitamins A, C, E, B, D, selenium, zinc, iron, copper and folic acid – can increase your susceptibility to disease,” said Lydon. “In fact, malnutrition is the most common cause of immune-deficiency in the world, so making sure you’re eating adequately is key for immune health.”

Stock up on these natural illness fighters – mushrooms, sweet potatoes, almonds, yogurt, leafy greens, green and black tea, cabbage, garlic, barley and oats and fish – on your next trip to the grocery store.

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These medications could make driving dangerous, the FDA warns

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These medications could make driving dangerous, the FDA warns

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It’s become common knowledge that drinking and driving don’t mix — but should you get behind the wheel after popping a pill?

It depends on the type of medication, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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While most medicines are safe to take on the go, some may cause side effects that can interfere with the ability to operate a vehicle or heavy machinery, the agency warned in a notice on its website.

AMID KRATOM OVERDOSE CLAIMS, GROUPS CALL FOR REGULATION, BETTER TESTING OF DRUG

These side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, fainting, lack of coordination, nausea, inability to focus or pay attention, and excitability, the FDA noted.

“Some medicines can affect your driving for a short time after you take them,” the notice stated. “For others, the effects can last for several hours and even into the next day.”

Some medications may cause side effects that can interfere with your ability to operate a vehicle, the FDA warned. (iStock)

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Some medicines come with a warning to not operate a vehicle or operate heavy machinery for a certain period of time after taking them.

MAN DIES AFTER CONSUMING TOO MUCH VITAMIN D AS EXPERTS WARN OF RISKS: ‘CASCADE OF PROBLEMS’

“Many different types of medications — such as antipsychotics, anti-epileptic medications, stimulants, muscle relaxants, opioids, benzodiazepines, sleeping pills, some antidepressants, and even over-the-counter medications like antihistamines — can cause side effects that impair mental and motor functions, including fatigue, headaches, nausea, blurred vision, delayed reaction times and visual impairment,” Katy Dubinsky, a New York pharmacist and the CEO and co-founder of Vitalize, a private supplement company, told Fox News Digital. 

“These side effects significantly reduce alertness and clear vision, which are crucial for safely driving and performing everyday tasks,” she added.

pain medication

Some medicines come with a warning to not operate a vehicle or operate heavy machinery for a certain period of time after taking them. (iStock)

Dr. Shana Johnson, a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician in Scottsdale, Arizona, noted that central nervous system depressants can be particularly dangerous for driving — as these medications exert their effects by calming the brain. 

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“Side effects associated with this calming include sleepiness, loss of focus and fuzzy thinking,” she told Fox News Digital. 

WHEN SHOULD OLDER DRIVERS HAVE TO STOP DRIVING?

“Common examples of this class are medications for muscle spasms (muscle relaxants), pain (opioids), seizures (anti-seizure medications) and anxiety (benzodiazepines).” 

Two other classes of medications that have sedating effects are antihistamines used for allergy control and anticholinergics used for bladder control and chronic pain, Johnson added.

Medications that don’t mix with driving

The FDA website includes the following list of medications that could make it dangerous to drive.

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  • Antipsychotic medicines
  • Anti-seizure medicines (antiepileptic drugs)
  • Diet pills, “stay awake” medicines and other stimulants, including caffeine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
  • Medicines that treat or control symptoms of diarrhea and urine or bladder control
  • Medicines that treat or prevent symptoms of motion sickness
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Opioids, including some cough suppressants containing codeine and hydrocodone
  • Prescription medicines for anxiety (for example, benzodiazepines)
  • Sleeping pills
  • Some antidepressants
  • Some prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedies and allergy medicines that contain antihistamines, nighttime sleep aids or cough medicines
  • Products containing cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds, including CBD
Man driving drowsy

Some medication side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, fainting, lack of coordination, nausea, inability to focus or pay attention and excitability, the FDA noted. (iStock)

Taking sleep medicines at night can sometimes cause impaired driving the next day, the FDA warned.

“If you take sleep drugs, talk with your health care professional about ways to take the lowest effective dose, when to take the medicines before bedtime, and when it would be safe to drive again after taking a sleep medicine,” the agency advised.

WHY SOME SENIORS SHOULD SIGN ‘DRIVING CONTRACTS’ AND AGREE TO HANG UP THEIR CAR KEYS

Allergy medications may contain antihistamines that can also impede driving ability, the FDA added.

“Antihistamines can slow your reaction time, make it hard to focus or think clearly, and may cause mild confusion even if you don’t feel drowsy.”

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Cropped picture of young woman holding a glass with water and pills in her hands

One doctor tells patients to try a new medication when they don’t have plans to drive — so they can see how it affects them and potentially avoid any dangerous situations.  (iStock)

Johnson said the impact of medications on driving abilities may vary from person to person. 

“One person may feel no sleepiness with an antihistamine, while another may feel sleepy the whole day,” she told Fox News Digital. 

“Seeing how a medication affects you is important to know before driving on it.”

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In her practice, Johnson said she tells her patients to try a new medication when they don’t have plans to drive — so they can see how it affects them and avoid a dangerous situation. 

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“The risk of medications impairing driving increases if you are on multiple medications with sedating side effects and with older adults,” she added.

Preventing impaired driving

For those who are taking medications, it’s recommended to consult with a health care professional for guidance related to driving.

For over-the-counter medicines, the agency recommends always following directions for use and reading the warnings on the Drug Facts label. 

Man at doctor

For those taking medications, it’s recommended to consult with a health care professional for guidance related to driving. (iStock)

For prescription medications, the agency recommends following the directions and warnings on packaging, as well as reading the FDA-approved labeling.

“Your health care professional might be able to change your dose, adjust the timing of when you take the medicine, or switch the medicine to one that causes fewer side effects for you,” the FDA stated.

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It’s also important to tell your doctor about other medicines, vitamins or supplements you are taking, as it’s possible that they could impact any side effects.

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health.

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Your Guide to Ozempic and the New Weight-Loss Drugs: Top Experts + Real Women Tell All

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Your Guide to Ozempic and the New Weight-Loss Drugs: Top Experts + Real Women Tell All



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