Health
¿Cómo usar el Narcan, el aerosol para revertir sobredosis?
Narcan, un atomizador nasal que puede revertir rápidamente una sobredosis de opioides, ha recibido la aprobación federal para ser vendido sin receta médica en Estados Unidos. A finales del verano, debería estar ampliamente disponible, no solo en las farmacias, sino también en tiendas de conveniencia, grandes cadenas y, posiblemente, a través de minoristas en línea.
Si se utiliza a tiempo, Narcan, una versión del fármaco naloxona, que bloquea el efecto de los opiáceos en el cerebro, puede salvar la vida de alguien que tome opiáceos, como oxicodona, heroína o fentanilo.
Piensa en Narcan o en cualquier atomizador nasal de naloxona como en un extintor de incendios, dijo Corey Davis, director del Proyecto Authorized de Reducción de Daños de la Pink para la Ley de Salud Pública. “Con suerte nunca lo necesitarás”, dijo. “Pero en algún momento puede que la cocina se incendie y no tengas tiempo de correr a la tienda por extintores”.
Aquí encontrarás una guía para usar Narcan de forma correcta:
¿Cómo sé si alguien tiene una sobredosis?
Su respiración puede ser lenta, con gorgoteos o detenerse por completo. Sus pupilas pueden estrecharse hasta tener el tamaño de la punta de un alfiler, y sus labios o uñas pueden volverse azules o morados. La piel puede estar húmeda al tacto. Incluso sacudiéndolos y gritándoles, no los puedes despertar.
¿Qué contiene la caja de Narcan?
Una caja contiene dos dispositivos de atomizador nasal del tamaño de la palma de la mano, cada uno con cuatro miligramos de naloxona.
¿Debo probar primero el atomizador para asegurarme de que funciona?
No. Si aprietas el atomizador liberarás la dosis y la desperdiciarás.
¿Cómo debo usarlo?
Inclina suavemente hacia atrás la cabeza de la persona. Introduce la punta del atomizador en una fosa nasal hasta que ambos dedos estén contra la nariz. Empuja el atomizador para liberar la dosis completa.
¿No debería llamar primero al 911?
Llama al 911 después de utilizar el atomizador. Se trata de una emergencia, pero al avisar a un operador puedes perder minutos valiosos.
¿Qué hago después de aplicar el atomizador y llamar al 911?
Asegúrate de que las vías respiratorias de la persona están protegidas y despejadas. Coloca a la persona de lado, apoyando sus manos bajo su cabeza. Dóblale las rodillas para evitar que caiga boca abajo o boca arriba.
Quédate con la persona unas horas o hasta que llegue el private de emergencias.
Los paquetes tienen dos dosis. ¿Debo emplear la segunda?
Por lo common, una dosis es suficiente. Pero si la persona no ha empezado a despertarse al cabo de dos o tres minutos, aplica la segunda dosis en la otra fosa nasal, sobre todo si sabes que podría haber consumido un opioide más fuerte, como el fentanilo.
¿Será perjudicial el atomizador si resulta que la persona no tenía una sobredosis de opioides?
No. A menos que alguien sea alérgico a la naloxona, lo cual es poco frecuente, lo más seguro es utilizar el atomizador.
¿Tiene efectos secundarios?
El Narcan puede provocar síntomas de abstinencia, como vómitos. Hay que mantener abiertas las vías respiratorias para evitar el ahogamiento.
Otros síntomas de abstinencia son: diarrea, dolores corporales, aumento del ritmo cardíaco, fiebre, piel de gallina, sudoración e irritabilidad. Recuerda que, aunque la abstinencia de opiáceos sea horrible, estás salvando una vida.
¿Quién debe llevar consigo naloxona?
Según informes de los Centros para el Management y la Prevención de Enfermedades, en 2021, en el 46 por ciento de las sobredosis mortales de opiáceos había transeúntes presentes. Si hubieran llevado naloxona y supieran cómo usarla, se podrían haber salvado vidas.
Si conoces a personas que consumen drogas, aunque sea de forma ocasional, o si tú mismo consumes opiáceos, no hay ningún inconveniente en llevar Narcan. Si trabajas en una empresa que tiene un botiquín de primeros auxilios a mano, ¿por qué no guardar en él un aerosol de naloxona? Padres de adolescentes o adultos jóvenes, ¿qué tal una caja en su botiquín? ¿En las residencias universitarias? ¿En la enfermería del colegio? ¿En las bibliotecas?
Piensa en el atomizador como si fuera un EpiPen para las alergias, un inhalador para el asma o, de hecho, un extintor de incendios.
Jan Hoffman escribe sobre salud conductual y legislación sanitaria. Sus reportajes incluyen temas tan variados como los opioides, las tribus, los derechos reproductivos, la salud psychological de los adolescentes y las dudas sobre las vacunas. @JanHoffmanNYT
- The World Health Organization has approved a new version of a widely used cholera vaccine that aims to address a surge in cases.
- The new vaccine uses fewer ingredients and can be made more quickly and cheaply.
- It remains effective at preventing the disease, according to recent research conducted in Nepal.
The World Health Organization has approved a version of a widely used cholera vaccine that could help address a surge in cases that has depleted the global vaccine stockpile and left poorer countries scrambling to contain epidemics.
WHO authorized the vaccine, made by EuBiologics, which also makes the formulation now used, last week. The new version, called Euvichol-S, is a simplified formula that uses fewer ingredients, is cheaper, and can be made more quickly than the old version.
The vaccine was shown to be help preventing the diarrheal disease in late stage research conducted in Nepal.
WORST CHOLERA OUTBREAK IN 2 DECADES SWEEPS THROUGH ZAMBIA, KILLING MORE THAN 400
WHO’s approval means donor agencies like the vaccines alliance Gavi and UNICEF can now buy it for poorer countries. Leila Pakkala, director of UNICEF’s supply division, said in a statement that the agency will be able to boost supplies by more than 25%.
A family enters a tent set aside for cholera patients at a clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe, on Nov. 18, 2023. The World Health Organization has approved a version of a widely used cholera vaccine that could help address a surge in cases that has depleted the global vaccine stockpile and left poorer countries scrambling to contain epidemics. (AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi, File)
Gavi estimated there could be about 50 million doses for the global stockpile this year, compared with 38 million last year.
Dr. Derrick Sim of Gavi called WHO’s authorization “a lifeline for vulnerable communities around the world.”
More is still needed, however: Since January, 14 countries affected by cholera outbreaks have requested 79 million doses. In January, the U.N. agency said the global vaccine stockpile was “entirely depleted” until the beginning of March. As of this week, WHO said there were 2.3 million doses available.
Cholera is an acute diarrhea disease caused by a bacteria typically spread via contaminated food or water. It is mostly seen in areas that have poor sanitation and lack access to clean water. While most people infected with cholera don’t experience symptoms, those with severe cases need quick treatment with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. If left untreated, cholera kills about a quarter to half of people infected.
Since last January, WHO has reported more than 824,000 cholera infections, including 5,900 deaths worldwide, with the highest numbers of cases reported in the Middle East and Africa. The U.N. agency said warming temperatures that allow the cholera bacteria to live longer, have also worsened outbreaks and led to the highest death rates in a decade.
Tayla Clement, born and raised in New Zealand, has Moebius syndrome, a neurological disease that affects one child out of every 50,000 to 500,000. (Tayla Clement)
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