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While spiny softshell turtles are threatened in Vermont and spotted turtles are endangered, wood turtles could soon be threatened in the state due to land use change. That is why the state’s Fish & Wildlife Department is watching the species closely before more serious intervention is required.
The wood turtle, a medium-sized reptile native to Vermont, is known for the striking orange coloring on its neck and the inside of its legs, creating a unique, easily recognizable pattern. This pattern has also resulted in a growing demand for wild-caught turtles on the international black market.
But that’s not the only threat to these reptiles. Invasive species, like Japanese knotweed, are a major hazard, because they overrun sand and gravel bars where wood turtles would typically lay eggs. Moreover, repeated flooding in Vermont has caused the eggs to drown, and since the species has low reproductive rates, that can severely impact local populations.
Those threats have caused the department to identify wood turtles as a species of greatest conservation need in Vermont.
On Tuesday afternoon, two wildlife technicians waded through cool, bubbling streams and traversed muddy riverbanks in central Vermont to conduct one of the final wood turtle surveys of the season.
Kiley Briggs, the director of conservation at The Orianne Society, a nonprofit organization focused on protecting and restoring habitats for rare reptiles and amphibians, and Molly Parren, a turtle technician with the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, stepped out of the pick-up truck to put on their boots and waders. Briggs retrieved his antenna and radio telemetry from the pick-up truck.
“With radio telemetry, (first) we attach a small transmitter onto the turtle,” Briggs said. “The transmitter sends out a radio signal, which basically beeps and then we use an antenna and a receiver to determine what direction that beep is coming from, and then we follow it until we find where the turtle is.”
Kiley Briggs and Molly Parren locate a wood turtle using radio telemetry. Photo by Klara Bauters/VTDiggerBriggs is collecting baseline data — the preliminary data that allows biologists to determine where the hotspots are for turtles and their population in those places.
Vermont’s streams provide ample habitat for wood turtles, but their ability to nest and grow the population is becoming increasingly difficult, Briggs said. As invasive Japanese knotweed spreads, female turtles are forced to travel farther in search of suitable nesting sites, further jeopardizing the species’ survival.
“We’re just getting turtles that are 40-50 years old and none that are in their 20s. That tells us: ‘Here is a problem that needs to be addressed at this site,’” Briggs said.
Due to the longevity of wood turtles — some may surpass 80 years old, as well as their low reproductive rates and slow maturation, their populations are sensitive to any threat that kills adults or removes them from the population.
“They only start laying eggs at the age of 20, which results in taking a long time to replace a population,” Briggs said.
Wood turtles spend time in water and on land but prefer to nest in river valleys — which also happen to be the best places for farms and the easiest places to build roads, Briggs said. When wood turtles spend time on land, they can be killed by tractors or run over by cars.
“Cars are a problem for all of our turtles, but for wood turtles especially, and I’ve lost turtles that were run over by farming equipment,” Briggs said. In some cases, the loss of just one or two wood turtles a year due to human causes can lead to a significant population decline or extirpation, according to The Orianne Society.
But conserving wood turtle habitat can benefit landowners. Federal programs in the U.S. Farm Bill offer financial assistance to landowners and farmers who establish riparian buffers.
After walking along a stream, Briggs, wearing polarized glasses in knee-deep water and carrying the antenna, found a turtle. It was located under the river bank, too far to grab, so he walked farther. After crossing the stream another two times, more than an hour later, Briggs found a new wood turtle in the stream that he hadn’t marked yet.
Both Parren and Briggs were excited to have found a new, seemingly young turtle and started immediately logging its data, including weight and length, in an online form on Briggs’ phone.
“With wood turtles, with males, on the bottom of the shell, is concave, that’s a male trait. As with females, the bottom of the shell is flat,” Briggs said. “For the age, we can count growth rings on their shells, kind of like counting the rings of a tree.”
The newly discovered turtle was approximately 15-years old. Wood turtles grow for the first 15-20 years of life, but they can live up to 50-70 years. As they age, their shells gradually wear down and become smoother, a trait biologists use to estimate their age. This turtle’s lighter yellow tissue in the center of his shell indicated he is still growing, according to Briggs.
“It’s rare to see a new young turtle in this location,” he said, since the site is prone to intense summer floods. “The biggest concern now is, if we have frequent summer floods, (for) many, many years, it might be too much flooding for the population to survive.”
However, at one site where a dam causes frequent summer flooding, nearly all the turtles chose to lay their eggs in upland habitat, safely away from the river, Briggs said.
“I wonder if that was them responding,” Briggs said. “The turtles know that the site floods a lot, but that’s just my interpretation of their behavior there.”
Crime
A Vermont postal worker was cited and suspended for allegedly throwing away mail that was supposed to be delivered to other people, according to police.
Natasha Morisseau, 34, of North Troy, was cited on nine counts of petty larceny and five counts of unlawful mischief, Vermont State Police said in a statement. She works as a mail carrier for the town’s United States Postal Service (USPS) office.
Officers were first alerted to the discarded mail on the afternoon of Jan. 23, according to police. Upon finding the mail in a dumpster on Elm Street in North Troy, they determined that none of it was for that address.
Police identified Morisseau as a person of interest and learned that she was a postal employee. They confirmed that she had regularly been throwing away a small amount of mail under her care since at least October 2025, according to the statement.
After searching the dumpster and Morisseau’s mail vehicle, officers found opened and unopened packages, along with several holiday cards, one of which contained money. Morisseau was later cited Feb. 14 and is due to appear March 17 in Vermont Superior Court, police said.
Since Jan. 23, Morisseau has been suspended by USPS, and all recovered mail has been given back to them for delivery, according to the statement. The case has been forwarded to the USPS’ Inspector General for further review.
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On a typical day, some of the 20 stealth fighter jets based in South Burlington, Vt., take off from tiny Burlington International Airport for training runs near the northern border. In recent months, they’ve flown much farther afield.
The Vermont Air National Guard’s 158th Fighter Wing was deployed in December to the Caribbean, where it took part in the US campaign to capture Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. Shortly thereafter, the squadron joined a military buildup in and around the Middle East to prepare for US and Israeli airstrikes against Iran.
Though both deployments had been widely reported, the military remained mum about the whereabouts of Vermont’s F-35A Lightning II jets. Even Governor Phil Scott, technically the commander of the Vermont Guard, said he only knew what he’d read in the news, given that US military leaders were directing the missions.
On Monday, General Dan Caine, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, confirmed the deployments at a Pentagon press conference about the war on Iran. Caine praised National Guard members from Vermont, Wisconsin, and elsewhere.
“In the case of the Vermont Air National Guard and the 158th Fighter Wing, they were mobilized for Operation Absolute Resolve,” Caine said, referring to the Venezuela campaign. “And then were tasked to take their F-35As across the Atlantic instead of going home, to be prepared to support this operation” in the Middle East.
Much remains unknown about the Vermont Guard’s recent missions, including the precise role they played in Venezuela and Iran, where the jets are currently based, and how long they’ll remain.
The Guard did not immediately respond to requests for comment., Its recently elected leader, General Henry “Hank” Harder, said in a statement that the force was “proud of the dedicated and professional service of our Airmen” and pledged to support their families in the meantime.
“We will continue to carry out our commitment to these Vermont Service Members until, and long after, they return from this mission,” Harder said.
Vermont’s three-member congressional delegation, meanwhile, has praised Vermont Guard members for their service in Venezuela but has criticized President Trump’s campaigns there and in Iran, particularly absent congressional authorization.
“The people of our country, no matter what their political persuasion, do not want endless war,” said Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent, echoing similar remarks from Senator Peter Welch and Representative Becca Balint, both Democrats. “We must not allow Trump to force us into another senseless war. No war with Iran.”
Paul Heintz can be reached at paul.heintz@globe.com. Follow him on X @paulheintz.
Tuesday is town meeting day in Vermont. Municipalities in New England and elsewhere are increasingly grappling with major national and international issues at the local level.
JOSEPH PREZIOSO/Getty Images
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JOSEPH PREZIOSO/Getty Images
If you haven’t lived in certain New England towns, it can be hard to fathom their centuries-old direct democracy-style Town Meetings, where everyday residents vote on mundane town business such as funding for schools, snow plows and road repairs.
These days, voters are also being asked to weigh in on national and international issues, for example, demanding the de-funding of ICE, and condemning “the unprovoked attack and start of an illegal and immoral war against Iran.” It’s all fueling a separate – and fierce– debate on what towns ought to be debating.
“When you have people sleepwalking into an authoritarian regime, it’s up to us to sound the alarm,” insists Dan Dewalt, an activist in Newfane, Vermont, one of several communities where residents scrambled to draft a resolution against the Iran war in time for their annual Town Meeting on Tuesday.
Local resolutions are a uniquely effective tactic, activists and experts say, and they’re being used increasingly around New England and beyond, especially as national politics have become so polarized.
“People feel isolated, helpless and hopeless. And when you hear about other people who are just like you taking a stand and representing something that you believe, that gives you not only hope, but it gives you power,” said Dewalt.
Several other Vermont towns will be considering resolutions Tuesday calling for the removal of the president and vice president “for crimes against the U.S. Constitution,” while many others will vote on a pledge to ” to end all support of Israel’s apartheid policies, settler colonialism, and military occupation and aggression.”
A similar divestment resolution passed 46 -15 in Newfane last year, following hours of heated argument over the plight of Palestinians, the security of Israelis, the “inflammatory” language of the resolution – and whether such problems half-a-world away even belong on the agenda of the tiny town of just about 1,650.
“It’s a Town Meeting for town issues,” Newfane resident Walter Hagadorn declared at a recent Select Board meeting, where residents pressed board members to block any future resolutions not directly related to town business.
“You shouldn’t be subject to hours and hours of people virtue signaling” and trying to “hijack Town Meeting,” Hagadorn said.
Others agreed, suggesting activists host a debate on their issues at another time and place, or stage a rally or protest instead.
But Select Board member Katy Johnson-Aplin pushed back, saying that would not have the same impact.
“It doesn’t work the same way,” Johnson-Aplin said. It’s only when the issue is formally taken up at a Town Meeting that “it goes in the newspaper and it’s recorded that the town of Newfane has agreed to have this conversation.”
University of Pennsylvania political science professor Daniel Hopkins has been watching the growing movement of local communities taking a stand on issues far beyond town lines.
“This is a trend we’re seeing increasingly across the 50 states and in a variety of ways but I think it has taken on a new and potentially more concerning edge,” Hopkins said. “I worry that we are in an attention-grabbing, sensation-rewarding media environment in which the kinds of issues that engage us at a national level may further polarize states and localities and make it harder for them to build meaningful coalitions on other issues.”
Indeed, in Newfane, the resolution regarding Israel became so divisive that some residents decided not to even come to last year’s Town Meeting, according to Select Board vice-chair Marion Dowling.
In Burlington, where a similar resolution was proposed, City Council President Ben Traverse says things got so heated, he and his family were getting harassing phone calls and even death threats. Burlington city councilors voted in January to block the question from going to a popular vote.Vermont has a history of “big issue” resolutions, from the push for a Nuclear Arms Freeze in the 1980’s, to calls to ban genetically modified foods in 2003. Dewalt, the Newfane activist, was behind several of them, including calls to impeach then-president George W. Bush in 2006, which got him invited to talk about it on network TV shows, and quoted in The New York Times.
“I can guarantee you if I stood up on my soap box and made a declaration of the exact same wording, I wouldn’t have had anybody asking me questions about it, he said. “We’re not pie-in-the-sky here about the power of our Newfane Town Meetings, but our actions have consistently had an impact.”
But opponents say activists overstate the impact of their resolutions, and their victory. They say it’s disingenuous, for example, to claim the town of Newfane supported the resolution against Israel, when the winning majority of 46 people was less than 3% of town residents.
“I feel like they’re using the town as a vehicle for their personal messages and that bothers me,” says Newfane resident Cris White. “It’s so junior high.”
Traverse, the Burlington City Council president, also takes issue with what he calls the “inflammatory” language of that resolution.
“The question, as presented, approaches this issue in a one-sided and leading way,” Traverse says.
In Vermont, any registered voter can get a resolution on the Town Meeting agenda by collecting signatures from 5% of their town’s voters. While elected city or town officials have the authority to allow or block the resolution, there is no process in place to vet or edit language.
Traverse says it would behoove city leaders and voters to require an official review to ensure that language is fair and neutral, just as many states do with ballot questions. Traverse says he’s not opposed to contentious, big issue resolutions being put to local voters, but the language must be clear and even-handed.
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